All-Optical Logic or Gate Exploiting Nonlinear Polarization Rotation in an SOA and Red-Shifted Sideband Filtering

An all-optical logic or gate is presented by exploiting nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and red-shifted sideband filtering (NPR-RF). The logic or gate is successfully experimentally demonstrated with a 2⁷-1 return-to-zero pseudorandom binary sequence at 20 Gb/s. The logic or gate is also successfully simulated, and dependence of signal quality Q-factor and extinction ratio on input signal power for several detuning is also simulated and discussed. The simulation results show high Q-factor can be achieved in strong saturation of SOA. The logic gate has a simple configuration and allows photonic integration     

长波长垂直腔面发射激光器开关及双稳特性

为了研究垂直腔面发射激光器偏振转换特性,基于自旋反转模型,数值研究了正交光注入下1550nm垂直腔面发射激光器频率诱导偏振开关及双稳特性。结果表明,在正交光注入下,连续改变注入光与激光器光场内x线性极化模的频率失谐可诱导产生两类偏振开关和偏振双稳现象,且注入光强与偏振电流的变化都显著影响双稳宽度和激光器的输出特性;合理选择操作条件,可实现对1550nm垂直腔面发射激光器频率诱导偏振开关及双稳的控制。这一结果对垂直腔面发射激光器在全光开关和全光存储等领域的应用具有参考价值。     

Simultaneous Multichannel Photonic Up-Conversion Based on Nonlinear Polarization Rotation of an SOA for Radio-Over-Fiber Systems

A photonic frequency up-conversion scheme based on the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) arising in a semiconductor optical amplifier for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) baseband signals is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Error-free simultaneous up-conversion of 4 times 2.5 Gb/s WDM baseband channels with a 20-GHz local oscillator signal is experimentally demonstrated in the whole C-band. Compared with the cross-gain-modulation-based scheme, the proposed scheme is found to be almost independent of the wavelength separation between the probe and pump signals. Both the radio-frequency spectrum and the bit-error-ratio performance after electrical down-conversion have shown low distortion induced by the optical NPR-based up-conversion.     

半导体光放大器的偏振光开关性能改进

半导体光放大器(SOA)非线性偏振旋转效应的光开关具有开关速度快、易集成等优点,其开关操作可以通过改变注入SOA中的电流而获得。这种偏振光开关的性能主要受注入光功率与控制电流的大小范围来决定。基于SOA中的偏振主态的概念,分析了非线性偏振旋转效应与控制电流的关系,并对不同功率的注入光进行了偏振旋转实验,分别实现了偏振光开关的操作。实验结果表明:随着注入光功率的增加可以提高光开关的分光比,有效改进光开关的性能。当注入光为5 dBm时,光开关的分光比与消光比均可达到30 dB。     

Elimination of Multiple Access Interference in Ultrashort Pulse OCDMA Through Nonlinear Polarization Rotation

A multiple access interference elimination scheme based on nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) is proposed for ultrashort pulse optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA). This scheme is experimentally investigated in a four-user and 2.5-Gb/s coherent OCDMA system encoded/decoded by 127-chip superstructured fiber Bragg gratings. The measured bit-error-rate results of the NPR-based thresholder are also compared with those of a conventional supercontinuum-based thresholder in both the back-to-back and 20-km transmission cases. Our proposed scheme has the advantage of colorless operation over C-band.     

Polarization Dynamics of Current-Modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

We study the dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with direct current modulation in the framework of a model for index-guided VCSELs that takes into account two orthogonal linear polarizations. We analyze the effect of current modulation near the polarization switching (PS) of type I, from the high to the low frequency polarization, and near the PS of type II, from the low to the high frequency polarization. We find that the oscillations of the total power are as those of a single-mode laser, unaffected by the underlaying polarization coexistence or polarization competition. We also study the small-signal modulation response in the Fourier domain, for modulation dc values near the PS point. Close to type I PS the response of the total power as well as the response of the orthogonal polarizations has the same functional dependency on the modulation frequency, and can be fitted by the response function of a single-mode laser. Close to type II PS, polarization competition is a significant process at low modulation frequencies. The polarization-resolved modulation response displays features at low frequencies that are not present in the response of the total power, which is as that of a single-mode laser. The dynamics becomes increasingly complex as the modulation amplitude grows, and there is multistability of solutions.     

A Tunable Lyot Birefringent Filter With Variable Channel Spacing and Wavelength Using Nonlinear Polarization Rotation in an SOA

We experimentally demonstrate a tunable fiber-optical Lyot birefringent comb filter with independent tuning of the channel spacing and wavelength. The filter configuration is based on sandwiching a fiber-optic programmable differential group delay line (DGDL) and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) between two polarizers. The channel spacing of the filter can be tuned by adjusting the programmable DGDL. Using the nonlinear polarization rotation effect in the SOA, the phase shift between the transverse electric and the transverse magnetic components of the input probe beam can be adjusted by varying the power of the pump light, and hence fast and continuously wavelength tuning of the filter can also be achieved. The wavelength tuning range is up to 50% of the channel spacing when the pump power is increased from ${-}$10 to 17 dBm.      

半导体光纤环形激光器产生偏振混沌的数值研究

建立了半导体光纤环形激光器的动力学模型, 并进行了数值分析和研究。半导体光放大器采用由张应变引起的自身双折射理论模型, 光纤的双折射效应和偏振控制器对光的偏振调节作用综合用一个线性双折射琼斯矩阵表示。利用Matlab软件对该模型进行仿真, 寻找到特定电流下半导体光纤环形激光器产生偏振混沌时偏振控制器的延迟角与方位角的范围以及半导体光放大器注入电流对环形激光器产生偏振混沌的影响。仿真的环形激光器输出功率与偏振度随半导体光放大器注入电流的变化关系与实验结果相符。结果表明, 半导体光放大器注入电流越大、偏振控制器的延迟角与方位角越接近零, 越容易产生高频偏振混沌。     

Influence of Low-Frequency Modulation on Polarization Switching of VCSELs Subject to Optical Feedback

The influence of low-frequency modulation on the polarization switching (PS) properties of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under optical feedback has been investigated experimentally. The current modulation frequency has a large impact on the PS of VCSELs even in the low-frequency range between 1 and 100 kHz. Thermal effects play an important role in this phenomenon.     

基于NPR效应及NOLM的多波长SOA光纤激光器

为了获得具有超窄波长间隔的稳定多波长输出,设 计并实验验证了一种基于非线性偏振旋转(NPR)效应及NOLM的多波长SOA光纤激光器。利用 SOA的NPR效应,将SOA与其他偏振器件组合引起强度相关损耗(IDL)效应,从而抑制SOA均 匀加宽线宽内的模式竞争,实现稳定的多波长输出。Lyot-sagnac滤波器作为波长选择器件 ,选用71 m长保偏光纤(PMF)得到超窄波长间隔。另外NOLM作为功率 均衡器进一步抑制了模式竞争效应并且实现了功率均衡,提高了边模抑制比(SMSR)。通过调 节偏振控制器(PCs),最终在室温下实现了稳定且功率均衡的多波长输出,10 dB带宽内输出的波长数量为184,波长间隔为0.08 nm,SMSR高达22 dB。该激光器可作为DWDM光通信系统 中的光源。     

基于45°倾斜光栅的重复频率可切换被动谐波锁模光纤激光器

基于非线性偏振旋转（NPR）技术,搭建了一台重复频率可切换的被动谐波锁模掺铒光纤激光器。腔内45倾斜光纤光栅（45 TFG）作为一种理想的光纤型起偏器,与两侧偏振控制器（PC）一起实现非线性偏振旋转效应,实现激光器的稳定锁模输出。在673 mW恒定泵浦功率下,通过调节腔内的PC,观测到了从基频到37阶谐波等多种锁模状态。该激光器可产生稳定的最高重复频率脉冲为783 MHz,对应的谐波阶数是37阶,且具有41 dB的边模抑制比（SSR）。高重复频率且稳定性好的脉冲可用于特定的应用中,如现代光通信系统、光学传感等。     

基于半导体光放大器非线性偏振旋转效应的全光采样

提出了一种新的基于半导体光放大器非线性偏振旋转效应的全光采样方法,利用速率方程对全光采样的理论机理进行了阐述.借助该速率方程模型对采样器的输入偏振角、偏振控制器的附加相移和偏振合束器的偏振方向等参数进行了优化设计.计算结果表明,采样器传输曲线具有较好的线性工作范围,能够实现模拟光信号的高速全光采样,且其输入泵浦光功率小于1mW.由于该全光采样的工作原理与全光波长转换类似,而目前的全光波长转换工作速率可达320Gbps,因此该全光采样的采样速率可望达到上百GS/s.     

基于半导体光放大器非线性偏振旋转效应的全光采样

提出了一种新的基于半导体光放大器非线性偏振旋转效应的全光采样方法,利用速率方程对全光采样的理论机理进行了阐述.借助该速率方程模型对采样器的输入偏振角、偏振控制器的附加相移和偏振合束器的偏振方向等参数进行了优化设计.计算结果表明,采样器传输曲线具有较好的线性工作范围,能够实现模拟光信号的高速全光采样,且其输入泵浦光功率小于1mW.由于该全光采样的工作原理与全光波长转换类似,而目前的全光波长转换工作速率可达320Gbps,因此该全光采样的采样速率可望达到上百GS/s.     

入射光偏振方向对LiNbO3晶体近光轴电光调制的影响

分析了在垂直LiNbO3 晶体光轴方向加电压,光沿近光轴方向传播时,入射光偏振方向对电光调制器的影响.通过计算加电场后双折射光程差的变化和偏光振动方向的转动,画出在正交偏振镜下不同起偏方向的锥光干涉图,得到干涉图随起偏方向变化的规律:由偏光振动方向转动引起的消光区域随起偏方向的转动而转动,在起偏和检偏方向上始终消光,在与起偏方向成±45°角方向始终全透光,并且消光线的交点即感应双光轴头不随起偏方向的转动而变化,始终在折射率变大的感应主轴上.     

低偏振灵敏度半导体光放大器

报道了基于混合应变量子阱材料的半导体光放大器 (SOA)。利用张应变量子阱加强了TM模的增益 ,使之接近TE模的增益 ,从而使SOA的偏振灵敏度大为降低。在 150mA的偏置下 ,获得了 2 4dB的小信号增益和 1dB的偏振灵敏度。     

Polarization independent coherent optical receiver

This paper describes an optical heterodyne receiver for DPSK signals which can receive an optical signal having an arbitrary polarization state. This is achieved by splitting the received signal between two orthogonal polarization axes and processing the resulting two signals as in a conventional DPSK heterodyne receiver. The sum of the two demodulated signals provides a baseband signal independent of the polarization state of the received optical signal. When the receiver noise is dominated by the shot noise of the photodetectors, the receiver provides a BER of 10^-9for an average number of 22 photon/bit. In comparison, a conventional optical heterodyne receiver requires under the same noise condition 20 photon/bit to achieve the same BER for a received optical signal polarized along the polarization axis of the local optical signal.     

Wide-band polarization-free wavelength conversion based on four-wave-mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers

Wide-band polarization free wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) subject to two pump beams has been studied in detail. With equalized forward and backward pump power, polarization independence of the converted signal was experimentally achieved when the wavelength detuning was larger than 1.24 nm. This is independent of the SOA bias current. When the wavelength detuning between the signal and one pump beam was fixed at 1.6 nm, the amplitude of the converted signal was nearly constant over a 58-nm wavelength range. A new theoretical analysis allows for signals of arbitrary polarization state to be considered. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory developed here.     

Multitap Photonic Microwave Filters With Arbitrary Positive and Negative Coefficients Using a Polarization Modulator and an Optical Polarizer

A novel multitap photonic microwave filter with arbitrary positive and negative coefficients implemented using an electrooptic polarization modulator (PolM) and an optical polarizer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed filter, the optical polarizer is connected at the output of the PolM with its transmission axis aligned at an angle of 45 to one principal axis of the PolM. By adjusting the polarization direction of the input lightwave to be 45 or 135 to one principal axis of the PolM, an inverted or noninverted intensity-modulated optical microwave signal is obtained at the output of the optical polarizer, which leads to the generation of a negative or positive coefficient. A time delay difference between adjacent taps is generated by using a wavelength-dependent delay line. A five-tap photonic microwave filter with arbitrary positive and negative coefficients is demonstrated. The reconfigurability of the filter is also investigated.     

Polarization selection in birefringent vertical-cavity surfaceemitting lasers

An analysis has been undertaken of the effect of refractive index anisotropies or birefringence on the selection of polarization states in vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers. Attention is focused on the competition between the two orthogonal polarization states of the fundamental transverse mode. It is shown that refractive index differences of 0.005% are adequate for ensuring preferential excitation of a specific polarization state. It is found that at low injection currents both polarizations coexist with the same optical power. The dominant polarization state at higher injection currents is found to depend upon the geometry of the current injection in the active region     

基于非线性极化旋转的光阈值性能的改进实验方案

基于非线性极化旋转(NPR)的阈值方案具有阈值功率点低、对色散不敏感等特点,但由于本身结构原因,其输出功率与输入功率成正弦关系,导致阈值性能不稳定。为了改善基于NPR阈值方案的性能,本文提出并实验研究了在输出端加可调带通滤波器(TBPF)的改进方案。改进后的阈值方案稳定了阈值输出功率,提高了阈值性能。同时,改进方案中采用的TBPF能够实现阈值功率传输曲线的调节,可适应不同系统的需求,改变了以往阈值器件因物理结构一旦确定而阈值性能不改变的缺陷。