太阳能煤气化技术及发展前景

通过太阳能水煤气实验,研究了温度、反应物成分、气流速率等因素对煤气转换率的影响。经多次实验测得混合气中H2,CO和CO2的组分比,结果表明:温度较低时,反应不稳定,H2转化率较高,生成少量CO;随温度升高,H2转化率缓慢降低,CO和CO2相互转化明显,在1000～1050℃范围内煤炭转化率最高,近似99%,其中H2约占49%。在煤气转化过程中,升高温度可显著提高反应速率和有效气体的转化率;降低氧气含量可使反应简单,促进水煤气变换反应的持续进行,可进一步提高煤气生成率。     

煤气化制氢新技术的探讨

简单介绍了煤气化制氢的2种方法,详细分析了靠外部提供反应所需热量来实现煤气化制氢的新技术.构造了煤制氢新工艺系统,对新工艺进行了系统模拟和分析,系统中气化炉的气化效率达到96.3%,热效率可达87.4%.煤产氢比现有工艺提高了约25%.     

淮南煤气化特性实验研究

采用自制石英弹簧热天平(ZL 00247922.2)对三种淮南煤二氧化碳气化特性进行了实验研究.结果表明,三种淮南煤的二氧化碳活性关系为李嘴孜煤<李一煤<潘一煤.由于实现淮南煤完全气化需要较长的时间,根据三种淮南煤不同气化行为特性,若在一定气化转化率时转换为燃烧过程即部分气化-燃烧,既可以缩短反应时间(减小气化炉的体积),又可实现碳的完全转化.     

大型煤气化技术发展现状

介绍了目前国内外常见的鲁奇碎煤加压气化、水煤浆气化、壳牌煤气化、西门子GSP煤气化及HT-L航天粉煤加压气化等先进的煤气化技术的工艺特点、适应煤种、产品性能、应用效果等指标,为同类型煤气化技术的选择提供了参考。     

不同气化条件和煤种对颗粒煤气化的残焦影响

采用自制的煤炭气化装置进行气化,研究粒度为5—10 mm的大颗粒褐煤、烟煤和无烟煤在不同气化条件下气化所得残焦的微观结构和官能团特性。结果表明:适当升高气化温度,残焦的氮吸附量和比表面积值均增大,孔容和微孔率则先增大后减小。H_2O(g)为气化剂的残焦的氮吸附量、比表面积、总孔容和微孔率均大于CO_2气化残焦的。残焦的氮吸附量、比表面积、总孔容和微孔孔容的变化均随着煤种的煤化程度降低而升高。     

晋煤集团煤气化技术应用现状及创新探索

介绍了煤气化技术在晋煤集团的应用现状,阐述了晋煤集团探索适合晋煤无烟煤气化技术的研发过程,开发的多喷嘴分级给氧气渣并流型加压气流床气化技术具有煤种适应性广、适合高灰熔点煤、气化效率高、适合大型化等特点。     

煤炭地下气化废水催化气化褐煤实验研究

为了考察煤炭地下气化工业试验基地废水的催化活性,探究利用该废水进行地下催化气化工业性试验的可行性,对乌兰察布褐煤进行了不同压力下的活性评价实验.结果表明,煤炭地下气化废水对乌兰察布褐煤的气化起到了良好的催化效果,在添加一定量煤炭地下气化废水后,其碳转化率由80.19%提高到89.82%;煤气产率由4.2m3/kg增加到5.2m3/kg,增加了原来的23.8%.随着反应压力的提升,碳转化率及煤气产率均呈现不同程度的降低,煤气组分中H2,CO和CO2含量也呈现不同程度的降低;而CH4含量随着压力的提升持续增加.     

煤炭气化工艺节能减排技术及应用研究

我国在煤炭气化工艺方面仍然存在着很多问题,如污水处理的回收问题、煤炭气化过程的能源浪费问题、气化过程中产生的大量积灰问题等.研究了利用现代化集中处理设备,以及冷却器帮助解决积灰难题,重点研究了煤炭气化工艺中关于循环使用洗涤水的技术革新问题,以期为煤炭气化生产工艺的节能减排工作提供建设性改善措施.     

利用煤炭生产氢技术的开发：射流床煤气化

利用煤炭生产氢技术的开发在世界各地广泛开展.它是以丰富的煤炭为原料生产纯净的能源,广泛用于燃料、煤液化、石油精制等许多领域.1986年成立的日本利用煤炭生产氢的技术研究小组受NEDO委托,以氢具有价格低廉、能够大量供给的特点技术开发为目的,正     

Coal gasification using a molten iron bath

A coal gasification process using a molten iron bath as reactor has been developed by Sumitomo Metals. Pulverized coal is blown onto this molten iron together with oxygen and steam as gasification agents. Tests using a pilot plant having a capacity of 60 t (coal) day^?1, has shown that a sulphur-free carbon monoxide and hydrogen-rich gas can be generated at high coal conversion efficiency.     

Coal gasification

For more than 100 years, production of town gas was based on carbonization of coal. An active research effort laid the basis of a scientific understanding of the principles of coal gasification and led to the development of advanced processes. These were at or near the point of commercialization when they were overtaken first by efficient processes based on cheap oil feedstocks and then by natural gas. Work on coal gasification was resumed by British Gas in the early 1970's, initially under American sponsorship, because of international interest in establishing substitute natural gas as a supplement to and an eventual replacement for natural gas. This led to a demonstration of methane synthesis from Lurgi gas, the extension of the range of coals acceptable to a Lurgi gasifier and the large scale development and demonstration of the British Gas/Lurgi Slagging Gasifier. Further development of this process and of the down-stream conversion of the product gas to methane forms part of a substantial long term Research, Development and Demonstration Programme. This should ensure that British Gas has access to appropriate proven technology when it eventually becomes necessary to supplement natural gas supplies. The principles involved in coal gasification are considered together with their application to the development of a commercial process.     

流化床煤气化试验研究

为研究温度和煤的煤焦反应性对流化床煤气化特性的影响,在小型电加热鼓泡床试验装置上,对4种高灰劣质粉煤——石沟驿煤、大塘煤、洋江煤和玉带煤进行空气为气化剂的煤气化试验研究。研究结果表明:随着温度的升高,各煤种气化得到冷煤气的热值、产气率、冷煤气效率和碳转化率均升高,在1 000℃时,石沟驿煤气化得到煤气的热值、产气率、冷煤气效率和碳转化率分别达到4.65 MJ/m3,2.21 m3/kg,47.8%和65.7%;4种煤的煤焦反应性均较差,其中石沟驿煤相对较高,其他煤的煤焦反应性低且相近;在相同温度水平下,气化得到煤气有效成分和热值与煤的煤焦反应性成正相关关系,煤的煤焦反应性最高的石沟驿煤气化得到的冷煤气的有效成分、热值均明显高于其他煤种。     

Coal gasification studies: Part I. Single stage complete gasification of coal using water as the hydrogen source

The complete gasification of coal to low molecular weight hydrocarbons has been achieved in a single stage process using water as the source of hydrogen. Reaction times of one hour, and a temperature of 600°C were required. The reactions were carried out in a stainless steel reactor with iodine or FeI₂ as a catalyst. It is shown that FeI₂ is a catalyst for the reaction Stainless Steel + H₂O → H₂ + Metal Oxide and also for the coal hydrogenation reaction. The apparent excellent reduction efficiency is probably a consequence of the good contact between the coal sample and the catalyst, which at the reaction temperature has a significant vapor pressure.     

Coal gasification for advanced power generation

This paper provides a review of the development and deployment of coal based gasification technologies for power generation. The global status of gasification is described covering the various process and technology options. The use of gasification for power generation is then highlighted including the advantages and disadvantages of this means for coal utilisation. The R, D & D needs and challenges are then reviewed including the likely impact of regulatory emissions directives in moving things forward.     

Coal gasification in a jet-spouted bed

Coal gasification has been studied for the production of synthesis gas by use of a laboratory-scale, two-stage, jet-spouted bed reactor. Tests were conducted in the dry ash mode with oxygen-steam mixtures. The effects of operating conditions on the gasification performance were investigated at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 1150°C. Carbon conversions of 75% to 97% and cold gas thermal efficiencies of 62 to 78% were obtained for Taiheiyo coal. Both the carbon conversion and thermal efficiency were mainly affected by the oxygen/coal ratio. The product gases contained 36-41% hydrogen and 30-43% carbon monoxide.     

Coal gasification in a spouted bed

Low Btu gas has been produced by gasifying coal in a spouted bed reactor. Coal of size 0.8-3.6 mm is fed continuously to a 0.15 m diameter spouted bed of inerts and gasified using mixtures of steam and air. Tests of the process with Western Canadian coals of free swelling index 0, 4 and 7 are reported. Gases of heating value to 3.61 MJ/m³ were produced at coal throughputs of 0.188 kg/m²s with the reactor operating at atmospheric pressure and temperatures to 930°C. Characteristics of the spouted bed gasifier are presented and results compared to commercial moving and fluidized bed systems. A simple mathematical model based on the two-region spouted bed model of Mathur and Lim is used to predict the effect on steam utilization of bed composition, bed height and diameter, and particle size.     

煤质对PKM加压气化工艺的影响

煤质对PKM气化工艺的影响，并详细阐述了其对一些工艺参数的要求。     

Coal gasification with water under supercritical conditions

The conversion of an array of coal particles in supercritical water (SCW) was studied in a semibatch reactor at a pressure of 30 MPa, 500–750°C, and a reaction time of 1–12 min. The bulk conversion, surface conversion, and random pore models were used to describe the conversion. The quantitative composition of reaction products was determined, and the dependence of the rate of reaction on the degree of coal conversion, reaction time, and reaction temperature was obtained on the assumption of a first-order reaction and the Arrhenius function (E = 103 kJ/mol; A ₀ = 7.7 × 10⁴ min^?1). It was found that the gasification of coal under SCW conditions without the addition of oxidizing agents is a weakly endothermic process. The addition of CO₂ to SCW decreased the rate of conversion and increased the yield of CO. It was found that, at a 90% conversion of the organic matter of coal (OMC) in a flow of SCW in a time of 2 min, the process power was 26 W/g per gram of OMC.     

Diffusional effects in TGA gasification experiments for kinetic determination

Wood matter from pressed oil-stone char gasification rates were measured in a thermogravimetric apparatus to assess the importance of diffusion limitations. Three sets of experiments were conducted at various temperatures, CO₂ and CO partial pressures and crucible geometries. The set carried out with a monolayer bed of very fine particles well-exposed to the gas flow was used to evaluate the intrinsic gasification reactivity of the char and to obtain two kinetic equations: an nth-order equation and a Langmuir-Hinshelwood type equation. The other two sets of tests were used to evaluate the external (through a stagnant gas layer) and the internal (through a bed of char particles) diffusion resistances. The results showed that the internal diffusion resistance in a 3 mm deep char bed is quite significant and should not be disregarded in these kinetics determinations. Observed to intrinsic reactivity ratios (i.e. effectiveness factors) as low as 0.2 were calculated based on gasification tests at 950 °C. Furthermore, this study points towards a significant CO inhibition effect due to its accumulation inside the bed.