活塞流生物反应器处理印染废水

现有的印染废水生化处理的水解酸化-接触氧化(A2O)工艺流程长,处理的水质很不稳定。采用活塞流反应器(PFR)替代传统的好氧生化反应槽,采用无厌氧与兼氧消化前处理过程的好氧+絮凝组合工艺处理印染废水。工艺运行结果表明:好氧段水力停留时间(HRT)为18 h,该工序对印染废水中的CODCr、BOD5、SS、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为95.%、97.5%、92.9%、53.0%和80.0%;絮凝处理阶段CODCr平均去除率为17.2%,SS平均去除率为58.5%。处理后的水质稳定,出水水质达到了一级排放标准。     

针织印染废水的C-HC-PBCO-C处理工艺

采用混凝+水解酸化+推流式接触氧化+混凝(C-HC-PBCO-C)处理针织印染废水,结果表明,此工艺能有效去除废水中污染物,出水平均CODCr、BOD5、SS和色度分别为77 mg/L、13 mg/L、35 mg/L和30倍,出水水质达到广东省DB44/26—2001《水污染排放限值》第Ⅱ时段一级排放标准。     

催化臭氧-砂滤联合工艺深度处理印染废水

采用催化臭氧-砂滤联合工艺对印染废水经水解酸化+生物接触氧化出水进行深度处理,考察了催化剂投加量、溶液初始pH、反应时间、砂滤对印染废水深度处理效果的影响。结果表明,溶液初始pH为9.5~10.5,氧化时间为20 min、Fe~(2+)投加量为4.5 mg/L、砂滤水力停留时间为20 min时,经处理后的出水水质稳定,能够满足《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB4278-2012)的要求,该工艺具有可行性。     

针织印染废水处理工程设计实例

根据浙江某针织印染有限公司排放废水的水质,确定采用废水分类预处理-水解酸化-二段生物接触氧化-物化处理工艺。实践表明,该废水处理工程设计完工运行后,出水完全达到GB 4287—2012《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》的要求,且系统运行稳定,运行费用较低。     

再生新闻纸废水处理工艺分析及运行管理

针对造纸废水的水质,分析了废水处理工艺的特点,并对主要处理单元的运行管理提出了具体要求。采用混凝沉淀、水解酸化和多级串联接触氧化的综合处理工艺,能够保证出水的各项水质指标达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级排放标准要求。     

印染废水分质处理及回用工程实例

嘉兴市某印染企业从产生源头对废水进行高、低分质收集并处理,高浓度印染废水采用"水解酸化+A/O处理+混凝沉淀"处理工艺,出水COD、BOD、色度和SS均值分别为171 mg/L、48 mg/L、60倍和60 mg/L,达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 4278-2012)间接排放要求。低浓度印染废水回用工程采用"水解酸化+A/O处理+超滤+反渗透"组合工艺,RO出水COD、色度和SS分别为15 mg/L、3倍和1 mg/L,各指标都符合设计回用标准。高浓度废水处理工程运行成本1.12元/m3废水,日运行费用为1 680元/d,年运行费用50.40万元,低浓度废水回用工程运行成本3.53元/m~3产水。回用率53%,年节约用水24万t,年减少支出150万余元。     

水解酸化-接触氧化处理制浆中段废水

介绍了水解酸化-接触氧化法处理碱性亚硫酸钠法制浆中段废水工艺及设备的调试和运行特点。实践表明,该工艺处理效果良好,运行费用较低,生化段CODC_(Cr)去除率达到80%以上,出水达标排放。     

造纸废水中Cr6+和Cu2+对生物膜处理系统影响的研究

在水解酸化一接触氧化法处理废纸造纸废水过程中,分别不断加入浓度逐渐升高的Cr6 和Cu2 ,研究其对生物膜系统处理效果及微生物毒性的影响.结果表明当进水中cr6 浓度由O增加到60mg/L后,水解酸化段好氧及兼性厌氧微生物数量由5.5×10 5CFU/mL降低至5×1O5CFU/mL,系统出水CODcr去除率由85%降低至55%;当进水中CUZ 浓度由O增加到10mg/L后,水解酸化段好氧及兼性厌氧微生物数量由5.5×105CFU/mL降低至4.1×105CFU/mL,系统出水CODcr去除率由85%降46%.说明同等浓度的铜离子对生物膜处理系统的毒性要比铬离子的更大.     

活性染料印染废水处理的设计与运行

在调节池后设置水解酸化池,利用其填料上生长的细菌将水中复杂的有机物分解,再辅以缺氧/好氧(A/O)工艺和化学混凝沉淀工艺,对活性染料废水中的SS、BOD、COD和色度有较高的去除能力,且有运行稳定、剩余污泥产量少、投资运行成本低等优点,处理出水水质可达GB8976-1996一级排放标准.     

HRT对A/O型序批式MBR处理印染废水的影响

采用A/O型序批式MBR(生物膜反应器)工艺处理某印染厂的模拟生产废水,考察MBR工艺中HRT(水力停留时间)对污染物去除效果、污泥性质及膜通量的影响.试验结果表明,在不同HRT时,A/O型序批式MBR工艺处理印染废水出水水质良好且稳定,出水总COD和色度的去除率均在95%以上;氨氮去除率随HRT的延长呈先升后降的趋势,且在HRT为24 h时达到最大值(96.4%);反应器内活性污泥体积指数(SVI)均在50～70 mL/gMLSS范围内,沉降性能良好;膜通量随HRT的延长而提高.综合考虑,A/O型序批式MBR处理模拟印染废水的最佳HRT为24 h.     

Oxidation of pharmaceuticals during ozonation of municipal wastewater effluents: a pilot study

To reduce the release of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors into the aquatic environment or to remove them from wastewater intended for direct or indirect reuse, the application of advanced wastewater treatment may be required. In the present study, municipal wastewater effluents were treated with ozone (O3) in a pilot-scale plant consisting of two bubble columns. The investigated effluents, which varied in suspended solids concentrations, comprised an effluent of conventional activated sludge treatment (CAS), the same effluent dosed with 15 mg of TSS L(-1) of activated sludge (CAS + SS), and the effluent of a membrane bioreactor pilot plant (MBR). Selected classes of pharmaceuticals were spiked in the wastewater at realistic levels ranging from 0.5 to 5 microg L(-1). Samples taken at the inlet and the outlet of the pilot plant were analyzed with liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Macrolide and sulfonamide antibiotics, estrogens, and the acidic pharmaceuticals diclofenac, naproxen, and indomethacin were oxidized by more than 90-99% for O3 doses > or = 2 mg L(-1) in all effluents. X-ray contrast media and a few acidic pharmaceuticals were only partly oxidized, but no significant differences were observed among the three effluents. These results show that many pharmaceuticals present in wastewater can be efficiently oxidized with O3 and that suspended solids have only a minor influence on the oxidation efficiency of nonsorbing micropollutants.     

废纸造纸废水处理工程改造

充分利用原有水处理设施,采用三级生物漂带接触氧化工艺对废纸造纸废水处理设施进行改造.结果表明,改造后废水处理系统对COD的去除率达96.4%,出水各项指标均达到<制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准>(GB3544-2008)中表3水污染物特别排放限值的要求.     

Utilization of solar energy in the photodegradation of gasoline in water and of oil-field-produced water

The photo-Fenton process utilizes ferrous ions (Fe2+), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as a source of hydroxyl radicals for the oxidation of organic matter present in aqueous effluents. The cost associated with the use of artificial irradiation sources has hindered industrial application of this process. In this work, the applicability of solar radiation for the photodegradation of raw gasoline in water has been studied. The photo-Fenton process was also applied to a real effluent, i.e., oil-field-produced water, and the experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of employing solar irradiation to degrade this complex saturated-hydrocarbon-containing system.     

Effect of feeding fat sources on the quality and composition of lipids of precooked ready-to-eat fried chicken patties

The effect of feeding fat sources on the quality and composition of lipids of raw meat and precooked ready-to-eat fried chicken patties was studied. Two homogeneous groups of broilers were fed with animal fats and vegetable oils, respectively. A traditional technology (flash-frying and humid steam-convection oven cooking) was employed to produce the patties. Lipid hydrolysis (total fatty acids, free fatty acids and diacylglycerols) and oxidation (peroxide value (POV) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs)) were evaluated in the initial, intermediate and final products. Lipid hydrolysis and oxidation were more intense in ground raw meat obtained with animal and vegetable fat integration, respectively. However, these differences tended to decrease along the technological process, due to the addition of other ingredients and the oil absorption. Although flash-frying and humid steam-convection oven cooking promoted lipid degradation, the overall quality of the precooked chicken cutlets was acceptable (low POV and COPS values) and greatly depended on the quality of the raw meat and the frying oil.     

饮料废水的综合治理技术探讨

对福建省饮料工业废水的治理现状进行探讨，提出一条合理的治理途径，即高低浓度废水分开，厌氧＋酸化水解＋接触触氧化工艺，可实现饮料废水的一级排放标准，且费用低，操作管理方便。     

印染废水二级处理

分析了该公司污水的水质情况.在凝聚和生化二级处理中,前者采用硫酸亚铁作凝聚剂,石灰、聚丙烯酰胺作助凝剂;后者则采用挂膜接触氧化.介绍了预曝调节池、混凝沉淀池、生化挂膜氧化接触池和澄清池的技术参数设置,以及处理中的注意事项.经二级处理后的出水,可养殖鱼类,或回用.     

风味蛋白酶对贵州腊肉蛋白质水解度、抗氧化能力和感官品质的影响

本文旨在研究风味蛋白酶对贵州腊肉食用品质的影响,为传统腊肉现代化工艺改造提供应用参考。在制作腊肉时分别添加2×10⁵、4×10⁵、6×10⁵ U/kg的风味蛋白酶,探究腊肉蛋白质水解度、蛋白水解多肽液抗氧化活性的变化,评价了酶解对腊肉食用品质的影响。结果表明:风味蛋白酶的添加能够促进腊肉蛋白质水解,随风味蛋白酶添加比例的增加,腊肉中非蛋白氮含量与蛋白质水解度均显著(p<0.05)上升;当风味蛋白酶添加量达到6×10⁵ U/kg时,腊肉非蛋白氮和蛋白质水解度分别上升到最高7.18 g/100 g和23.70%。风味蛋白酶添加量为2×10⁵ U/kg,腊肉风味和滋味特征与传统工艺腊肉没有显著差异(p>0.05),当风味蛋白酶添加量为4×10⁵ U/kg时,腊肉的风味和滋味特征与传统贵州腊肉有显著差异(p<0.05),风味蛋白酶添加量为6×10⁵ U/kg时腊肉蛋白因水解过度硬度过低严重影响食用品质。风味蛋白酶在贵州腊肉高温快速成熟工艺中的适宜用量为2×10⁵ U/kg生肉,腊肉蛋白质水解度、蛋白质和脂肪氧化稳定性均显著(p<0.05)高于传统工艺生产的腊肉,感官品质与传统腊肉没有显著差异(p>0.05)。添加风味蛋白酶能够有效提升快速成熟腊肉的氧化稳定性,在传统腊肉现代化工艺改造中具有重要的应用价值。     

改良型氧化沟工艺处理碱法草浆中段废水

介绍了采用FAS-Jet射流曝气系统的改良型氧化沟系统处理碱法草浆中段废水的设计及启动调试。改良型氧化沟采用全好氧曝气,沟中不存在缺氧区和厌氧区;氧化沟兼有完全混流式和推流式的独特水力特征,抗冲击能力强;FAS-Jet系统氧转移效率高、污泥沉淀性能好。运行结果表明,此工艺及参数选择合理、运转稳定,出水水质可达到造纸工业水污染物排放的国家标准。     

Degradation of tert-butyl alcohol in dilute aqueous solution by an O3/UV process

This paper describes the degradation of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in dilute aqueous solution by an O3/UV process. The degradation process was investigated experimentally in a semi-batch reactor under various operational conditions, i.e., ozone gas (O3) dosage, UV light intensity, and water quality in terms of varying bicarbonate concentration. TBA was oxidized rapidly in the O3/UV system, and acetone, hydroxy-iso-butyraldehyde, and formaldehyde were identified as primary intermediates, whereas pyruvaldehyde and acetic, formic, pyruvic, and oxalic acids were generated as a result of further oxidation process. A good organic carbon balance was obtained, indicating that most reaction intermediates have been identified and quantified.     

氧化退浆剂LT-203在苎麻织物上的应用

采用氧化退浆剂改进苎麻织物前处理工艺，降低了污水处理难度，克服了退浆不净、不匀问题，改善了织物手感。本文着重分析比较氧化退浆剂LT-203在苎麻织物练漂工艺中的应用。