基于可压缩模型的排气歧管流场分析

排气歧管的设计需要考虑氧传感器位置的合理性、催化器入口速度均匀性以及整体压降,可以采用CFD方法进行流场分析从而指导排气歧管设计。对比了计算模型的可压缩性对于流场分析结果的影响,得到结论:具有涡轮结构的集成式排气歧管应采用可压缩模型进行计算;对于大排量的排气歧管,考虑氧传感器表面最大速度与当地速度之比,比单独考虑氧传感器表面最大速度更为合理。     

基于流场分析技术对柴油机排气歧管结构的优化

针对煤矿井下防爆胶轮车所使用的柴油机排气歧管排气阻力较大的问题,应用SolidWorks建立柴油机排气歧管和烟气三维模型,使用GAMBIT软件划分网格,并使用流体性能分析软件Fluent对不同的进、排气管路进行烟气的速度流场模拟分析。根据分析结果对排气歧管进行优化,并对优化后的歧管、烟气建模,进行网格重新划分及速度流场模拟分析。分析结果表明:优化后的排气歧管涡流现象基本消失,排气阻力减小,流通性增强,切实改善了柴油机的排气性能。     

微型面包车发动机进气歧管的优化设计

针对微型面包车的工作特点及其对发动机性能的需求,通过优化设计发动机进气歧管,实现发动机最大扭矩点前移、中低速扭矩明显提高的性能优化目标;优化进气歧管设计的方法是:首先由BOOST仿真软件搭建发动机工作过程的一维模型,经过优化计算确定最佳的进气歧管关键参数;然后建立进气歧管内核三维模型,并根据内核的CFD流场分析结果优化内核,以降低进气阻力、提高进气均匀性;完成壳体设计,制作进气歧管快速样件,在基础发动机上试验,考核设计指标.     

某柴油机进气歧管优化设计分析

在柴油机的开发过程中,需要评估其进气歧管结构是否能够满足进气均匀性的评价标准。利用CFD软件,通过对某柴油机进气歧管进行稳态分析。计算得到各缸的质量流量、流量系数及流量系数差异性。结果表明:初始方案模型的流量系数差异性不满足评价标准,通过压力分布图找出压力损失部位,对其进行优化;优化方案模型经分析,其结果满足评价标准;在进气歧管的设计开发阶段,通过CFD分析,对进气歧管结构进行优化设计,可以大大减小进气歧管开发的周期、降低成本。     

发动机进气歧管流场的数值分析

以某发动机进气歧管为研究对象建立三维模型,运用CFD前处理软件Gambit划分网格,建立进气歧管流场模型,在计算流体动力学软件Fluent中分析各缸进气均匀性,进气歧管的进气阻力,进气歧管的内部流场特性。结果清晰显示各歧管的近壁流速、内部流速、表面总压分布情况,并根据分析结果对进气歧管进行了结构优化,改进后的发动机进气歧管在各缸进口减小总压损失、进气阻力、管二流量等方面取得较明显的效果,管四流量得到提高,各进气管不均匀度得到优化。     

CFD在涡轮排气管增压器流场分析中的应用

本文借助三维数值模拟软件Numeca,建立了涡轮排气管增压器涡轮机的网格模型,对涡轮排气管增压器(即增压器与排气管集成)的涡轮及排气歧管内部流场分布情况进行了稳态模拟。结果表明:涡轮排气管各进出口的总压差分布不均,以2#进口进气时总压损失最大,此外,对涡轮内部流场及温度场也进行了分析,流场及温度场整体分布比较均匀,流场局部还存在一定的改善空间。可见,CFD技术对于优化涡轮增压器涡轮及排气管的设计,改善增压器性能具有很好的指导意义。     

排气歧管热模态仿真分析

对排气歧管热模态进行基础研究,对排气歧管热模态的数值模拟分析流程进行了阐述。以某汽油发动机排气歧管为研究对象,采用STAR-CCM+对排气歧管流场进行分析,计算稳态流场的温度分布和歧管内壁面与废气的对流换热系数;然后通过ABAQUS采用流固耦合方法计算排气歧管的固体域温度场及热应力,作为热模态分析的边界条件;最后由ABAQUS完成排气歧管工况条件下热模态分析计算。     

基于热机械疲劳分析的排气歧管优化设计

联合AVL-Fire和ABAQUS软件,对某直喷汽油机进行排气歧管热机械疲劳分析。首先利用AVL-Fire软件得到排气歧管在全速全负荷工况、倒拖工况和怠速工况下的内外表面热边界条件,映射到有限元单元上进行耦合计算,得到相应工况下的温度场以及应力场分布,并通过热机械循环计算排气歧管的累积塑性应变,判断排气歧管是否会发生低周疲劳断裂,并根据分析结果对排气歧管进行优化设计。结果表明此方法可以很好的应用在排气歧管优化设计上。     

超高速列车流线型头型多目标优化设计

为改善高速列车明线运行时的气动性能,建立高速列车流线型头型的多目标优化设计方法,以高速列车的整车气动阻力和头车最大表面声功率为优化目标,对流线型头型进行多目标自动优化设计。建立三车编组某新型超高速列车的参数化模型,提取头型的五个设计变量,采用ICEM CFD软件脚本文件对列车周围流场区域进行网格自动划分,采用FLUENT软件脚本文件对列车气动力和表面气动噪声源声功率进行自动计算,通过第二代非劣排序的遗传算法(Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II,NSGA-II)对设计变量进行自动更新,实现超高速列车头型的自动优化设计。优化完成后,对优化设计变量与优化目标的相关性进行分析,得到影响优化目标的关键设计变量。结果表明,各优化设计变量与两个优化目标的相关性相同,只是相关系数值不同。经过多目标优化设计,得到一系列的Pareto最优头型;与原型列车相比,优化后列车的整车气动阻力最多减小2.91%,头车最大表面声功率最多减小7.47%。     

插管式与蚌壳式排气歧管催化器的CFD分析对比

在汽油发动机中,与催化器相连的排气歧管有插管式与蚌壳式两种。为了研究这两种耦合排气歧管的气体流动特性,分别对其进行CFD分析,计算得到催化器入口端气流速度均匀性系数、氧传感器表面速度相关参数。结果表明:各缸排气时,插管式排气歧管催化器入口端气流速度均匀性系数低,蚌壳式排气歧管催化器入口端气流速度均匀性系数高;插管式与蚌壳式排气歧管氧传感器位置布置均合理。模拟分析可以减小产品开发的周期、人工成本等。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.