磁记忆用于柱塞泵腔体检测的研究

将磁记忆检测技术应用于柱塞泵腔体检测,提出了柱塞泵腔体的磁记忆检测方法,并对发现的缺陷磁记忆信号进行分类分析。分析结果表明:磁记忆检测技术是检测柱塞泵腔体的有效方法,对腔体不同类型缺陷有较好的识别效果。     

20G钢金属磁记忆检测特征值的研究

铁磁性金属材料广泛应用于锅炉、球罐等压力容器以及其它工业设备中,为了探讨金属磁记忆技术应用于典型铁磁特性材料时表现出的磁记忆特征,探索该技术的工程实用性,对20G钢材料试件拉伸过程进行了磁记忆检测试验。利用金属磁记忆方法对20G钢材料拉伸过程的不同阶段进行磁场检测,得到该材料在不同阶段的磁信号,分析磁记忆曲线并确定材料的磁记忆检测特征值。     

金属磁记忆检测技术的介绍

金属磁记忆检测技术是无损检测领域的一门新兴学科,它能对铁磁金属构件的应力集中、失效、损伤等进行快速、准确的早期诊断,以防设备发生突发性的疲劳破坏。文章简述了金属磁记忆检测技术的基本原理和特点,并介绍了其在锅炉压力容器无损检测上的应用和发展。     

原油储罐开罐检测技术

文章介绍了原油储罐开罐检测的方法。重点分析了漏磁、射线、磁记忆检测技术的原理及特点。通过对几种检测方法的对比分析,选择合理检测技术,完善原油储罐的技术性检测。     

汽轮机叶片的磁记忆检测及应用

研究了汽轮机叶片的磁记忆检测方法。使用TSC 1M 4型应力集中磁指示仪 ,对现场汽轮机叶片进行了检测和数据分析。实验和分析结果表明 ,磁记忆检测技术是检测汽轮机叶片缺陷和应力集中程度的有效方法     

金属磁记忆技术在石油井架检测中的应用

介绍了金属磁记忆技术的基本原理,分析了金属磁记忆技术在石油井架检测中的应用方法,并利用基于应变的石油井架检测方法对金属磁记忆技术进行了验证试验,结果表明金属磁记忆技术在井架检测中的检测结论是可靠的。金属磁记忆技术为石油井架承载能力的高精度检测提供了技术支持。     

金属磁记忆检测技术简介--21世纪的诊断方法

简要介绍了金属磁记忆检测技术的基本原理、应用范围及用前景.     

金属磁记忆检测方法在水下管道中的适用性研究

通过金属磁记忆检测方法进行管道缺陷检测在陆上油气管道上取得了良好的应用效果。而水下管道由于其环境的特殊性,特别是中海油公司很多油气管道都深埋水下甚至海底,这时对于水下乃至海底管道的缺陷预测或者探伤就显得尤为重要。然而水下管道缺陷检测难度极大,合适恰当的检测方法选择至关重要。为此,本文在详细总结金属磁记忆检测方法在陆上油气管道检测的成功经验基础上,开展了水下管道金属磁记忆数据采集与分析,用来验证金属磁记忆检测方法在水下是否适用,验证所使用的参数及金属磁记忆方法是否可以应用于水下管道缺陷的识别,以有效丰富海底管道的缺陷预测或者探伤技术。     

NDT技术在运行压力容器检测中的应用

目前针对压力容器的检测方法有很多种,NDT检测作为新型检测技术已被广泛应用,常用的NDT技术包括超声、射线、涡流、声发射、红外线、磁记忆检测等技术。文章主要针对这些技术在运行的压力容器检测的优缺点及注意事项进行了阐述。     

无损检测技术在压力容器中的应用

介绍了压力容器无损检测的方法,包括渗透检测、磁粉检测、涡流检测、超声检测、射线检测等五种传统方法和磁记忆检测、红外热波检测、超声相控阵技术、激光无损检测等四种新型检测方法;同时介绍了这些方法的特点和适用范围。     

Preparation and surface-active properties of the sodium soaps,mono- and diethanolamides and diol and triol sulfates of cycloaliphatic C21 Di- and C22 Tricarboxylic acids

Cycloaliphatic C₂₁ di- and C₂₂ tricarboxylic acids were prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of dehydrated castor oil (DCO) fatty acids (containing 48% conjugated and 42% nonconjugated dienes) with acrylic and fumaric acids, respectively. The reaction temperature, time, catalyst concentration, and mole ratio of reactants were varied to get maximum yields of the di- and tricarboxylic acids. The unreacted DCO fatty acids were removed from the products by partition between aqueous methanol and n-hexane. The products were converted to methyl esters and characterized as the substituted cyclohexene derivatives before and after dehydrogenation with Pd/C in xylene, hydrogenation with Pd/C in decalin and oxidation with periodate-permanganate reagent and by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The acids were converted to sodium soaps, mono- and diethanolamides and the corresponding diol and triol sulfates, and the resulting products were evaluated for their surface-active properties. The sodium soaps showed better calcium tolerance and poorer foaming power than sodium oleate. The diethanolamides were inferior to lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting and emulsifying power. The monoethanolamides were better than the respective diethanolamides and lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting property. The diol and triol sulfates were poorer in wetting and emulsifying ability and better in calcium tolerance than sodium lauryl sulfate.     

民用工业中复合材料桁架的应用和发展

本文叙述了复合材料桁架的构造、分类和计算方法,突出了复合材料桁架的优越性能和在民用工业中的应用前景;在分析大量文献资料的基础上阐述复合材料桁架杆件的多种加工工艺,并比较不同截面形式对杆件性能的影响;探讨复合材料杆件的破坏机理和分析方法,介绍节点的类型和各自的特点,提出节点及连接部位存在的关键问题;根据国内外复合材料桁架的研究和应用现状,阐述了复合材料桁架的性能和不同的设计方法,总结归纳影响复合材料桁架性能的关键因素和设计中存在的一些问题,并提出改进杆件设计、节点设计和优化复合材料桁架的建议。     

熟料岩相试样制作方法及典型岩相特征的形成原因

熟料的岩相分析有助于熟料质量的判断及生产过程控制调整。根据多年实践经验,总结了手工和机械磨制岩相试样的方法及注意事项,并对几种熟料岩相特征(孔洞、游离氧化钙、A矿包裹B矿和f-Ca O、晶体尺寸不均和矿巢)进行了举例和形成原因分析。     

Enzymes-Assisted Extraction of Plants for Sustainable and Functional Applications

The scientific community and industrial companies have discovered significant enzyme applications to plant material. This rise imparts to changing consumers’ demands while searching for ‘clean label’ food products, boosting the immune system, uprising resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, and climate change challenges. First, enzymes were used for enhancing production yield with mild and not hazardous applications. However, enzyme specificity, activity, plant origin and characteristics, ratio, and extraction conditions differ depending on the goal. As a result, researchers have gained interest in enzymes’ ability to cleave specific bonds of macroelements and release bioactive compounds by enhancing value and creating novel derivatives in plant extracts. The extract is enriched with reducing sugars, phenolic content, and peptides by disrupting lignocellulose and releasing compounds from the cell wall and cytosolic. Nonetheless, depolymerizing carbohydrates and using specific enzymes form and release various saccharides lengths. The latest studies show that oligosaccharides released and formed by enzymes have a high potential to be slowly digestible starches (SDS) and possibly be labeled as prebiotics. Additionally, they excel in new technological, organoleptic, and physicochemical properties. Released novel derivatives and phenolic compounds have a significant role in human and animal health and gut-microbiota interactions, affecting many metabolic pathways. The latest studies have contributed to enzyme-modified extracts and products used for functional, fermented products development and sustainable processes: in particular, nanocellulose, nanocrystals, nanoparticles green synthesis with drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Even so, enzymes’ incorporation into processes has limitations and is regulated by national and international levels.     

Effects of Extraction Temperature and Preservation Method on Functionality of Soy Protein

The effects of extraction temperature and preservation method on the functional properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) were determined. Four extraction temperatures (25, 40, 60, and 80 °C) were used to produce SPI and yields of solids and protein contents were determined. Three preservation methods were also tested (spray-drying, freeze-drying, and freezing–thawing) and compared to fresh (undried) samples for each extraction temperature. No differences in yields of solids and protein were observed among SPIs extracted at 25, 40, and 60 °C; however, SPI extracted at 80 °C yielded significantly less solids and protein. Extraction temperature significantly affected SPI functionality. As extraction temperature increased, solubility and emulsification capacity decreased; surface hydrophobicities, emulsification activities and stabilities, and dynamic viscosities increased; and foaming properties improved. Preservation method also significantly affected SPI functionality. Drying method did not affect the denaturation enthalpies of SPIs, but spray-dried SPIs had higher solubilities, surface hydrophobicities, and emulsification stabilities, and lower viscosities, emulsification activities and rates of foaming than freeze-dried SPI exhibited. Emulsification and foaming capacities and foaming stabilities were similar for both methods of drying. There was significant interaction between extraction temperature and preservation method for all functional properties except emulsification capacity.     

Free primary alcohols in oils and waxes from germs,kernels and other components of nuts,seeds, fruits and cereals

The composition of free primary alcohols in oils and waxes obtained from the germ, kernel, seed coat, shell and skin (peel) of various nuts, seeds, fruits and cereals and from the chrysalis of silkworm was examined. These alcohols are usually present in small amounts, along with large quantities of hydrocarbons, esters and glycerides in oils and waxes. Thus, it is necessary to remove hydrocarbons, esters and glycerides to analyze the alcohols. We found that preparative reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was the best way to isolate alcohols from oils and waxes. Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) then detected hexacosanol, octacosanol and triacontanol in the oils and waxes. Octacosanol usually was the predominant alcohol. Relationships between the organs from nuts, seeds, fruits and cereals and the contents of octacosanol are suggested. For example, degermed kernels contained two times more octacosanol than the germ, and the skin coat and shell contained one-half and one-fortieth the octacosanol of the germ, respectively.     

Establishment of Metabolism and Transport Pathways in the Rodent and Human Fetal Liver

The ultimate fate of drugs and chemicals in the body is largely regulated by hepatic uptake, metabolism, and excretion. The liver acquires the functional ability to metabolize and transport chemicals during the perinatal period of development. Research using livers from fetal and juvenile rodents and humans has begun to reveal the timing, key enzymes and transporters, and regulatory factors that are responsible for the establishment of hepatic phase I and II metabolism as well as transport. The majority of this research has been limited to relative mRNA and protein quantification. However, the recent utilization of novel technology, such as RNA-Sequencing, and the improved availability and refinement of functional activity assays, has begun to provide more definitive information regarding the extent of hepatic drug disposition in the developing fetus. The goals of this review are to provide an overview of the early regulation of the major phase I and II enzymes and transporters in rodent and human livers and to highlight potential mechanisms that control the ontogeny of chemical metabolism and excretion pathways.     

Role of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) carbohydrates in resistance to budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis)

The current year's growth of Douglas fir contains galactose, unusual in that this carbohydrate makes up 78.7% of the total carbohydrate fraction. An agar diet study was undertaken to determine the effects of galactose, other carbohydrates, and terpenes on western spruce budworm larval mortality, growth rate, and adult biomas production. All concentrations of the carbohydrates and terpenes tested, as well as other mineral elements not tested, were typical of the current year's foliage of Douglas fir. In experiment I, the diet containing 5.61% total carbohydrate did not significantly affect larval mortality when compared to the control diet. However, diets containing 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrate concentrations significantly increased larval mortality 64% and 96.1%, respectively, when compared to the control. Also in experiment I, terpenes alone (78.9% morality) and terpenes in combination with 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrates significantly increased larval mortality (97.2% and 100%, respectively) when compared to mortality on the control diet (44%). To determine which carbohydrate was causing the adverse effect, 6% glucose, 6% fructose, and 6% galactose were placed individually and in combination with terpenes in diets in experiment II. The 6% galactose diet significantly increased larval mortality and reduced growth rate when compared to the control, glucose, and fructose diets. Glucose resulted in 16% less larval mortality, significantly enhanced female larval growth rate and pupal weight, but did not affect male larval growth rate and pupal weight, when compared to the control. Fructose resulted in a significant decrease in larval mortality and a general trend of enhanced female and male larval growth rate and pupal weight. Larval mortality on terpenes alone was not significantly different from the control, but terpenes with 6% galactose increased larval mortality and decreased female and male growth rate and pupal weight significantly when compared to glucose-terpene and fructose-terpene diets. No significant interactions were found between carbohydrates and terpenes in either experiment.     

COMBINED INNOVATIVE HEAT PUMP DRYING TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW COLD EXTRUSION TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCTION OF INSTANT FOODS

There is an increased demand for convenient foods including ready-to-eat and instant products. These products are desired with minimum concentration of synthetic chemicals. This creates challenges for the food industry and dryers manufactures to develop new technologies to process difficult-sensitive materials and to supply final products with high quality and improved properties. Fruits and vegetables are mainly composed of water, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Due to modification of chemical and physical bonds the compounds the material becomes viscous and sticky during processing. Conventional dryers have limitations in handling such sensitive materials. Heat pump dryers have been applied in the production of a diversity of ready-to-eat foods and dried instant products for the last five years at SINTEF-NTNU. Besides being energetically efficient and environmentally friendly, the heat pump drying technology provides a wide range of drying conditions as required to produce powders with improved characteristics. This work describes the new technologies and processing line for the production of instant foods as well as the measurements on the properties and quality attributes for raw, intermediate and final instant products.     

Self-Assembly of Diamondoid Molecules and Derivatives (MD Simulations and DFT Calculations)

We report self-assembly and phase transition behavior of lower diamondoid molecules and their primary derivatives using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Two lower diamondoids (adamantane and diamantane), three adamantane derivatives (amantadine, memantine and rimantadine) and two artificial molecules (ADM•Na and DIM•Na) are studied separately in 125-molecule simulation systems. We performed DFT calculations to optimize their molecular geometries and obtained atomic electronic charges for the corresponding MD simulation, by which we predicted self-assembly structures and simulation trajectories for the seven different diamondoids and derivatives. Our radial distribution function and structure factor studies showed clear phase transitions and self-assemblies for the seven diamondoids and derivatives.