月桂酸钠对天然胶乳与丁苯胶乳并用胶乳性能的影响

研究了月桂酸钠的不同用量对天然胶乳与丁苯胶乳并用胶乳胶体性能与胶膜的物理机械性能的影响.结果表明:随着月桂酸钠在并用胶乳中用量的增加,并用胶乳的黏度下降,表面张力的变化不大;月桂酸钠在并用胶乳中的用量为0.2％,NRL/SBRL为90/10时,并用胶乳胶膜的物理机械性能最好.     

月桂酸铵对浓缩天然胶乳贮存稳定性及硫化胶性能的影响

浓缩天然胶乳(简称浓缩胶乳)是制备天然胶乳制品的重要原材料,在其贮存过程中添加月桂酸铵作为稳定剂来提高胶乳稳定性.月桂酸铵对浓缩胶乳贮存稳定性及硫化胶性能有显著影响,进而影响其制品的性能.本研究通过对浓缩胶乳贮存过程中的机械稳定性(MST)和挥发脂肪酸(VAF)值变化情况进行分析,并对其硫化胶膜交联密度、力学性能和热稳定性能进行测试表征,研究月桂酸铵对浓缩胶乳贮存稳定性及硫化胶性能的影响.结果表明,加入月桂酸铵后,浓缩胶乳Zeta电位绝对值明显增加,乳胶粒子粒径变小,胶乳稳定性增强;月桂酸铵含量为0.050％～0.075％(质量分数,下同)时,浓缩胶乳的机械稳定性显著提高,MST值达到国家标准所需的最短贮存时间(20 d);月桂酸铵导致浓缩胶乳硫化速率降低,在相同预硫化时间下,加入月桂酸铵的浓缩胶乳硫化胶交联密度较低,硫化胶膜力学性能和热性能也下降.     

膨胀型阻燃剂对硫化天然胶乳胶膜力学性能和阻燃性能的影响

以聚磷酸铵(APP)、季戊四醇(PER)和三聚氰铵(MEL)组成膨胀型阻燃体系(IFR),考察阻燃剂配比及用量对硫化天然胶乳力学性能和阻燃性能的影响,并通过热重分析仪分析其热稳定性、扫描电镜(SEM)分析阻燃剂在胶乳中的分散效果。结果表明,添加PER和MEL的硫化胶膜力学性能很好,但阻燃性能较差;添加APP和IFR的硫化胶膜力学性能较差,但是阻燃性能很好;SEM观察发现APP与橡胶相容性差;热失重分析可知,改性的硫化胶膜比未改性的硫化胶膜的阻燃性好,且IFR改性硫化胶膜的阻燃效果是最好。     

BCT-2/NH3复合保存剂对浓缩天然胶乳保存效果及性能的影响

采用水溶性杀菌剂BCT-2与NH3复配作为浓缩天然胶乳的保存剂,研究了复合保存剂对浓缩天然胶乳保存效果,预硫化胶乳粘度、成膜特性,硫化胶膜的干燥特性及物理力学性能的影响。结果表明,在BCT-2用量为0.05%(质量分数)、NH3用量为0.35%(质量分数)时,BCT-2/NH3复合保存剂对浓缩天然胶乳有很好的保存效果,在保存180天后,挥发脂肪酸值(VFA NO.)、机械稳定度(MST)均符合GB/T 8289-2008标准的要求,尤其是VFA NO.仅为0.03,远低于国标0.08;预硫化胶乳停放5天后粘度变化不大,且成膜特性良好,胶膜干燥时间短,干燥速率常数为9.04×103 min-1;与用NH3+TT/ZnO作保存剂时相比,硫化胶膜的拉伸强度变化不大,但撕裂强度达到了53.72kN/m,提高了9.55kN/m。     

过氧化物预硫化天然胶乳硫化反应的交联度及其医用胶乳制品热氧降解的研究

使用溶胀指数的测定方法研究叔丁基过氧化物预硫化天然胶乳(PPVL)胶膜硫化交联度,并采用热重分析法(TGA)研究空气状态下胶管试样热氧降解反应过程及其反应动力学.结果显示,过氧化物预硫化天然胶乳反应在70℃温度下硫化3.5h到达正硫点,此时胶膜溶胀指数为5.9.第一步热氧降解反应前,试样出现明显的吸氧增重现象,其最大热氧降解率Cp、最终热氧降解率Cf、反应活化能E和频率因子A均随β的增加而增大,表观活化能E0=107.5kJ/mol.     

过氧化物预硫化天然胶乳硫化过程胶乳胶膜的热分析

用热重法-微商热重法(TG—DTG)和差热分祈(DTA)研究了用过氧化物预硫化胶乳过程中，硫化时间不同时胶乳胶膜热氧降解的过程。结果表明，过氧化物预硫化胶乳胶膜的起始降解温度、DTG峰顶温度和DTG峰的终止温度、起始放热温度和DTA峰顶温度均随硫化过程发生变化。     

蛋白质含量对天然胶乳中橡胶粒子稳定性的影响

天然胶乳(NRL)中主要成分为橡胶烃、水和蛋白质、类脂物、无机盐等非胶组分,其中蛋白质对天然胶乳橡胶粒子形态和稳定性有重要影响。对天然胶乳进行离心及酶解处理,得到蛋白质含量不同的脱蛋白胶乳(DPNR)。研究蛋白质对胶乳粒径、zeta电位、胶膜凝胶含量和交联密度的影响。通过对比分析,离心及酶处理后,蛋白质含量降低,平均粒径增大,zeta电位降低,凝胶含量和交联密度均降低。结果表明随着蛋白质含量的降低,橡胶粒子发生团聚,粒子表面保护层完整性和分子网络结构被破坏,分子链间交联点减少,稳定性降低。     

改性纳米碳酸钙填充天然胶乳的超微结构及热稳定性

采用环氧化天然胶乳改性纳米碳酸钙,并与天然胶乳通过共混制备复合材料,用扫描电镜和热重分析仪研究了复合材料的形态结构和热氧稳定性。未改性碳酸钙-天然胶乳复合材料热失重温度无明显变化,经环氧化天然胶乳处理的碳酸钙与天然胶乳所制备复合材料的热失重温度明显升高,其中碳酸钙填充量为4%时,复合材料的起始失重温度比对照样提高了约6...     

过氧化物预硫化天然橡胶/丝素蛋白抗菌复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用三元混合体系溶解丝素蛋白,纯化后与过氧化物预硫化天然橡胶复合,得到了具有抗菌性能的天然橡胶/丝素蛋白(PVNR/SF)复合材料,并对胶乳和胶膜的相关性能分别进行测试分析。结果表明,SF的加入保持了天然胶乳的稳定性。在干燥制成胶膜后,与基体材料有很好的相容性,并且可以在一定程度上起到补强的作用,SF使天然橡胶获得良好的抗菌性能的同时,对基体的热稳定、粘弹等性能没有很大的影响。另外,通过红外光谱我们可以推测SF在胶膜中的抗菌性能与酰胺I结构有关。     

蛋白质和磷脂对天然胶乳胶膜性能的影响

天然胶乳主要成分为橡胶烃、水和非胶组分。天然胶乳中蛋白质和磷脂的含量对其性能有重要影响。采用高速冷冻离心、碱性蛋白酶及脂肪酶处理浓缩天然胶乳(concentrated natural rubber latex,CNRL)制备脱蛋白胶乳(deproteinized natural rubber,DPNR)、脱脂肪胶乳(lipid-free natural rubber,PNR)、脱蛋白脱脂肪胶乳(lipid-free DPNR,P-DPNR),研究蛋白质和磷脂对天然胶乳胶膜交联密度、力学性能、透光性以及膜形貌的影响。结果表明,经过离心及酶处理后,蛋白质、磷脂含量降低,分子链间交联点减少,交联密度降低;与CNRL相比,DPNR、PNR的拉伸强度由25.14 MPa分别降低至15.81和16.57 MPa,扯断伸长率由810.6%分别升高至930.8%和895.0%;胶膜透光率提高,DPNR、PNR的透光率从71.12%分别提高到85.31%和85.62%;胶膜拉伸断面出现少量孔洞、颗粒。综合分析表明蛋白质和磷脂影响天然橡胶分子链之间交联网络的形成,从而影响胶膜的性能。     

Properties of GRC modified by styrene-butadiene rubber latex

The properties of cement composites made from alkali-resistant Cem-FIL glass fibres and Portland cement modified by styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex and kept in three different environments for up to 15 years are described. It is shown that the long-term weatherability of GRC composites is improved by the addition of SBR, the embrittlement of the material taking place at a slower rate in the presence of the polymer. In air storage SBR-modified GRC has remained strong and tough up to the period of study but in continuously wet environments the polymer did not reduce the extent of long-term strength loss in GRC in any significant way. A proportion of the cement in GRC modified by SBR can be replaced by pulverized fuel ash without sacrificing the improvements in the long-term weathered strength of the composite brought about by polymer addition.     

On the release of metronidazole from natural rubber latex membranes

The controlled release of drugs can be efficient if a suitable encapsulation procedure is developed, which requires biocompatible materials to hold and release the drug. In this study, a natural rubber latex (NRL) membrane is used to deliver metronidazole (MET), a powerful antiprotozoal agent. MET was found to be adsorbed on the NRL membrane, with little or no incorporation into the membrane bulk, according to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy data indicated that MET retained its structural and spectroscopic properties upon encapsulation in the NRL membrane, with no molecular-level interaction that could alter the antibacterial activity of MET. More importantly, the release time of MET in a NRL membrane in vitro was increased from the typical 6–8 h for oral tablets or injections to ca. 100 h. The kinetics of the drug release could be fitted with a double exponential function, with two characteristic times of 3.6 and 29.9 h. This is a demonstration that the induced angiogenesis known to be provided by NRL membranes can be combined with a controlled release of drugs, whose kinetics can be tailored by modifying experimental conditions of membrane fabrication for specific applications.     

乳液共混法制备纳米SiO_2/BIIR复合材料及其性能研究

采用溶液乳化法制备出了溴化丁基胶乳,并通过乳液共混法制备纳米SiO2/溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)复合材料。结果表明,改性的纳米SiO2可以很好的分散在溴化丁基橡胶胶乳(BIIRL)中;通过涂布成型硫化后,纳米SiO2/BIIR复合材料具有良好的物理性能,其断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和拉伸断裂应力都得到了较大提高;在SiO2用量很少的情况下,气密性得到了显著的提高。     

有机硅对天然乳胶的改性研究

采用复合阳离子型乳液聚合制备出一种带正电荷的有机硅乳液,通过杂凝聚共混和接枝两种不同的改性方法对带负电荷的天然乳胶进行改性,并比较了两种改性方法对胶膜力学性能、耐溶剂性、耐水性、表面形貌等的改性效果。结果表明,与纯天然乳胶膜相比,改性后胶膜的断裂伸长率均有提高,在石油醚中的增重率降低,表面水接触角增大,改性后胶膜的表面更加平整致密,其中共混改性对水接触角影响较大,接枝改性对力学性能、耐溶剂性、表面形貌的改性效果更为显著。其在工业生产医疗制品,如医用胶管、医用手套及避孕套等领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

溶液乳化法制备溴化丁基胶乳的工艺研究

通过溶液乳化法制备了溴化丁基胶乳,使用激光粒度仪测试了不同工艺阶段胶乳的平均粒径,结果表明所制得的固含量约为50%的离心浓缩胶乳的平均粒径为0.645μm.并进一步研究了乳化剂用量和橡胶溶液浓度对胶乳产率的影响,从而确定了溴化丁基胶乳制备的最佳工艺条件.     

氧化壳聚糖-丝胶共价复合物在天然乳胶改性中的应用

采用高碘酸钾氧化壳聚糖的方法制备了一种水溶性氧化壳聚糖(OCS),将OCS与丝胶(SS)反应获得多糖-蛋白共价复合物,进一步将所得复合物和OCS分别与天然乳胶共混成膜,并对膜材料的力学性能、老化性能、耐溶剂性、抗菌性、表面形貌及水溶性蛋白含量(WSP)等进行了对比研究.结果表明:天然乳胶通过复合物改性成膜可导致诸多性能的改善,如抗菌性,膜表面更致密且平整,水溶性蛋白含量大幅下降.这些性能的改善使其作为医用薄膜材料具有更加广阔的应用前景.     

Preparation and properties of nitrile rubber/montmorillonite nanocomposites via latex blending

The nitrile rubber (NBR)/unmodified montmorillonite (Na-MMT) clay nanocomposites were prepared by latex blending method followed by melt mixing of compounding ingredients by using two-roll mill. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed an increase in the basal spacing and broadening of peak corresponding to crystal structure of Na-MMT indicating the formation of intercalated/exfoliated clay layers in the NBR matrix. Increase in clay content of nanocomposite increased the XRD peak height due to the formation of many of clay tactoids at higher loading. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) strengthened the XRD finding by showing the presence of intercalated/exfoliated morphology of clay platelets having good dispersion. The modulus and tensile properties of the nanocomposites were improved with addition of Na-MMT which is proportional to clay concentration. The retention of tensile properties of aged nanocomposites, with all clay concentration, was superior to either pure NBR and carbon black filled NBR composite. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed proportional increase in storage modulus analogous to Na-MMT loading at all the temperature ranges due to the confinement of polymer chains between the clay layers. Nanocomposites with different proportions of clay showed a decrease in tan δ_max peak height with a shift towards higher temperature indicating the reduction in the segmental mobility of polymer chain. A linear model was proposed to correlate the influence of Na-MMT content on storage modulus of nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated a linear increase in glass transition of nanocomposites which is proportional to clay loading. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed a small improvement in the thermal stability of nitrile rubber/clay nanocomposites.     

Evaluation of apparent viscosity of Para rubber latex by diffuse reflection near-infrared spectroscopy

Near-infrared spectroscopy in diffuse reflection mode was used to evaluate the apparent viscosity of Para rubber field latex and concentrated latex over the wavelength range of 1100 to 2500 nm, using partial least square regression (PLSR). The model with ten principal components (PCs) developed using the raw spectra accurately predicted the apparent viscosity with correlation coefficient (r), standard error of prediction (SEP), and bias of 0.974, 8.6 cP, and -0.4 cP, respectively. The ratio of the SEP to the standard deviation (RPD) and the ratio of the SEP to the range (RER) for the prediction were 4.4 and 16.7, respectively. Therefore, the model can be used for measurement of the apparent viscosity of field latex and concentrated latex in quality assurance and process control in the factory.