混种固态发酵大曲酒糟生产蛋白饲料研究

以大曲酒糟为原料,采用同化淀粉能力强的热带假丝酵母Ｙ２０－１和有降解纤维素和关纤维素能力的绿色木霉Ｔ２混合发酵,生产刷蛋白饲料。确立了固体发酵培养基最佳配比、营养盐的组成、初始含水量、初始ｐＨ值及发酵时间。对发酵产品的分析表明：粗蛋白增幅５０．７３％,真蛋白增幅４３．４０％,粗纤维降解率达２０．１０％,淀粉降解率高达６１．８１％,产品出率为９０．５６％。     

混种固态发酵大曲酒糟生产蛋白饲料的研究

以大曲酒糟为原料,采用有同化淀粉能力强的热带假丝酵母Y20－1和有降解纤维素和半纤维素能力的绿色木霉T2混合发酵,生产蛋白饲料。确立了固体发酵培养基最佳配比、营养盐的组成、初始含水量、初始pH值及发酵时间。对发酵产品的分析表明：粗蛋白增幅50.73%;真蛋白增幅43.40%,粗纤维降解率达20.10%,淀粉降解率高达61.81%。产品出率为90.56%。     

酒糟和秸秆混合发酵生产蛋白饲料的研究

以酒糟和秸秆为原料，分别接入白腐真菌和假丝酵母进行混茵蛋白饲料发酵研究。实验考察了混菌发酵时酵母接种时间和培养时间对发酵产物中蛋白含量的影响。试验结果表明，假丝酵母在白腐真菌生长发酵20d时接种，并培养50h，其蛋白含量最高，达到15．49％，比发酵前提高了1．55倍。另外，实验也对添加硫酸铵对发酵产物中蛋白含量的影响进行了初步研究。     

混菌固态发酵麸皮制备蛋白饲料的研究

从4株酵母菌中筛选出一株在麸皮培养基中合成蛋白能力较高的酵母菌,然后,利用酵母菌Ⅱ与高产纤维素酶活菌株黑曲霉Ⅰ之间的协同效应,以麸皮为底物,混菌固态发酵生产蛋白饲料.通过单因素和正交试验优化发酵条件.结果表明,培养温度30℃、接菌量l0%、接菌比酵母菌Ⅱ:黑曲霉Ⅰ (2:1)、水料比(1:1)、葡萄糖添加量2%,发酵产物中粗蛋白含量为25.26%,比麸皮发酵前粗蛋白含量提高了33.93%.     

固态发酵生产蛋白饲料工艺的研究

介绍了利用秸秆资源通过固态发酵技术生产蛋白饲料的工艺，以秸秆、大米渣为原料，固态发酵生产蛋白饲料并对其工艺条件进行了初步的研究。试验结果表明：采用啤酒酵母单茵发酵时，培养基初始含水量65％、初始pH值6．2、发酵温度28℃，固态发酵获得蛋白质含量最高65％，平均58％，比发酵前粗蛋白提高约20％。     

小麦发酵产酒精及酒糟蛋白饲料工艺的研究

以小麦为原料进行酒精发酵研究,采用单因素试验探究了小麦粉浆固形物含量、液化时间、糖化酶添加量、酸性蛋白酶添加量对发酵效果的影响。结果表明,小麦粉浆固形物含量为28%,87～89 ℃液化1 h,糖化酶添加量1.1 kg/t原料,且酸性蛋白酶添加量0.03 kg/t粉时其发酵效果较好,最终发酵酒精度达（13.54±0.10）%vol,副产品小麦酒糟蛋白饲料粗蛋白含量达（38.58±2.00）%。     

三七渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料

以三七渣为原料,利用康宁木霉固态发酵生产蛋白饲料,考察了培养条件对康宁木霉固态发酵三七渣的影响,采用正交试验优化了发酵条件.研究结果表明,最佳发酵条件为氮源添加量为40mg硫酸铵/g干药渣、固液比1.0:1.5、发酵时间5d、原料粒径80目,在上述发酵条件下,三七渣中真蛋白含量由9.97%提高至19.40%,粗纤维含量从27.45%降低至11.91%.     

利用番茄废渣混菌固体发酵生产蛋白饲料

以番茄废渣为原料,以绿色木霉、黑曲霉、产朊假丝酵母、热带假丝酵母为出发菌种,通过单菌种和混菌种固体发酵实验,筛选出发酵产品蛋白质含量最高的菌种组合。实验结果表明,当绿色木霉∶黑曲霉∶热带假丝酵母=1∶2∶6时,发酵产品干物质中蛋白质含量高达35.00%,是较好的发酵组合。     

固态发酵蛋白饲料生产工艺的研究

介绍了利用秸秆资源通过固态发酵技术生产蛋白饲料的工艺,以秸秆、大米渣为原料,固态发酵生产蛋白饲料并对其工艺条件进行了初步的研究。试验结果表明:采用啤酒酵母单菌发酵时,培养基初始含水量65%、初始pH值6.2、发酵温度28℃,固态发酵获得蛋白质含量最高65%,平均58%,比发酵前粗蛋白提高约20%。     

多菌联合发酵白酒丢糟生产蛋白质饲料的工艺优化

通过L9(34)正交试验研究了白地霉、黑曲霉和绿色木霉联合发酵白酒丢糟生产蛋白质饲料的发酵条件,结果表明,最佳发酵条件为:接种12％混合菌液,添加3％硫酸铵,30℃条件下发酵7d,发酵后的白酒丢糟蛋白质含量达28.88％,比发酵前白酒丢糟高14.1％.     

强化发酵丢糟再生产白酒的研究

通过加入强化发酵菌株、糖化酶、大曲粉、复合酶对白酒丢糟进行强化发酵生产复糟酒,研究结果表明,强化发酵菌株、糖化酶、大曲、复合酶的加入量为6.0‰、60U/g、6‰、5‰,发酵时间为35d时产酒最多且酒质最好.     

红芪药渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料工艺条件优化

以红芪药渣为原料,利用白腐菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）/产朊假丝酵母（Candida utilis）混合菌种对其进行固态发酵生产蛋白饲料。采用单因素和正交试验,研究了氮源添加量、装料量、水含量、发酵时间对发酵效果的影响,确定了红芪药渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料的最佳工艺条件为：（NH4）2SO4添加量30 mg/g干药渣、装料量50%、水分含量2.0 g/g干药渣、发酵时间5 d、发酵温度30 ℃,在上述发酵条件下,发酵产物中真蛋白含量达19.05%,比原来提高了101.16%;粗纤维含量达19.94%,比原来降低了34.79%。利用复合菌固态发酵中药渣,可降低发酵产物中粗纤维含量,同时提高真蛋白含量,为中草药下游产品的开发和应用提供科学依据。     

Effect of substituting soybean meal and canola cake with dried distillers grains with solubles at 2 dietary crude protein levels on feed intake,milk production,and milk quality in dairy cows

Dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) is an alternative source of feed protein for dairy cows. Previous studies found that DDGS, based on grains other than corn, can substitute for soybean meal and canola cake as a dietary protein source without reducing milk production or quality. As societal concerns exist, and in many areas strict regulation, regarding nitrogen excretion from dairy cows, the dairy industry has focused on reducing dietary protein level and nitrogen excretion. In the present study, we investigated the use of DDGS as a protein source, at a marginally low dietary crude protein (CP) levels, in a grass-clover and corn silage-based ration. The experiment involved 24 Holstein cows and 2 protein sources (DDGS or soybean-canola mixture) fed at 2 levels of CP (14 or 16%) in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of both protein source and protein level on feed intake, milk yield, and milk quality. The results indicated that feed intake, milk yield, and protein in milk increased when the protein level in the ration was 16% CP compared with 14%. We found no effect of substituting the soybean-canola mixture with DDGS. Moreover, no sensory problems were observed when comparing fresh milk with stored milk, and milk taste was unaffected by DDGS. Milk from cows fed DDGS had a slightly higher content of linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA 9–11), and lower content of C11 to C17 fatty acids than cows fed diets with the soybean-canola mixture. Cows fed the diets with 16% CP produced milk with higher oleic acids and lower palmitic acid content than cows fed 14% CP diets. To conclude, DDGS can substitute for a soybean-canola mixture without affecting feed intake, milk yield and quality, or sensory quality. Under the conditions of this experiment, feeding 16% CP compared with 14% CP in the ration can increase feed intake and milk production.     

Effect of substituting soybean meal and canola cake with grain-based dried distillers grains with solubles as a protein source on feed intake,milk production,and milk quality in dairy cows

The growth of the bioethanol industry is leading to an increase in the production of coproducts such as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Both corn-based DDGS and grain-based DDGS (gDDGS; defined as originating from grain sources such as barley, wheat, triticale, or a mix, excluding corn) appear to be relevant sources of feed and protein for dairy cows. To date, most of the studies investigating DDGS have been performed with corn-based DDGS. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of the proportion of gDDGS in the diet on feed intake, milk production, and milk quality. The present experiment involved 48 Holstein cows in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 grass-based dietary treatments consisting of 4, 13.5, and 23% gDDGS on a dry matter (DM) basis (L, M, and H, respectively) as a replacement for a concentrate mix. The concentrate mix consisted of soybean meal, canola cake, and beet pulp. Dry matter intake and energy-corrected milk yield were not affected by the proportion of gDDGS in the diet. Daily milk yield decreased with the H diet compared with the L and M diets. The percentage of fat in milk was higher when cows were fed the H diet compared with the L and M diets, whereas milk fat yield was not affected by dietary treatment. The M diet had a higher percentage of protein in milk compared with the L and H diets. Milk protein yield was similar for the L and M diets; however, it decreased for the H diet. Milk taste was not affected by the proportion of gDDGS in the diet or when milk was stored for 7 d. Linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid cis-9,trans-11 in milk increased with increasing proportion of gDDGS. To conclude, gDDGS can replace soybean meal and canola cake as a protein source in the diet of dairy cows. Up to 13.5% of the diet may consist of gDDGS without negatively affecting milk production, milk quality, or milk taste. When gDDGS represents 23% of dietary DM, milk production is reduced by 1.6 kg/d, whereas energy-corrected milk production is numerically reduced by 1 kg.     

Evaluation of dried and wet distillers grains included at two concentrations in the diets of lactating dairy cows

The purpose of this study was to determine the lactation performance of dairy cows fed dried or wet distillers grains (DG) with solubles (DDGS or WDGS) at 2 dietary concentrations. A trial using 15 cows was designed as a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square with periods of 4 wk each and data collected during wk 3 and 4 of each period. Diets, on a dry matter basis, were: control, 10% DDGS, 20% DDGS, 10% WDGS, and 20% WDGS. All diets contained 25% corn silage, 25% alfalfa hay, and 50% of the respective concentrate mixes. Dry matter intake (DMI) tended to be greater for cows fed control than DG (23.4, 22.8, 22.5, 23.0, and 21.9 kg/d for control, 10% DDGS, 20% DDGS, 10% WDGS, and 20% WDGS). Milk yield (39.8, 40.9, 42.5, 42.5, and 43.5 kg/d) was greater for cows fed DG than control. Milk fat percentage (3.23, 3.16, 3.28, 3.55, and 3.40%) was similar for cows fed control and DG, but greater for cows fed WDGS than DDGS. Milk fat yield was greater for cows fed DG than control and tended to be greater for cows fed WDGS than DDGS. Milk fat from cows fed DG, especially 20% DG, was more unsaturated and contained more cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid than when fed the control diet. Milk protein percentage (3.05, 3.01, 3.02, 3.11, and 3.06%) was similar for cows fed control and DG but greater for cows fed WDGS than DDGS. Milk protein yield was greater for cows fed DG than control, tended to be greater for cows fed WDGS than DDGS, and tended to be greater for cows fed 20% DG than 10% DG. Milk urea nitrogen was similar for cows fed control and DG but greater for cows fed WDGS than DDGS and tended to be higher for cows fed 20% DG than 10% DG. Ruminal ammonia concentrations were greater for cows fed WDGS than DDGS. Overall, feeding DG improved feed efficiency (1.70, 1.79, 1.87, 1.84, and 1.92 kg of energy-corrected milk/kg of DMI) by increasing yields of milk, protein, and fat while tending to decrease DMI.     

复合中药渣发酵功能饲料的研究

采用枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、产朊假丝酵母菌4种菌种混合对复合中药渣进行固态发酵.考察了菌种的不同比例对发酵产物多糖含量的影响,采用正交实验优化了发酵的条件.试验结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌:乳酸芽孢杆菌:嗜酸乳杆菌:产朊假丝酵母菌为2∶1∶2∶1,水分与基料的质量比为1∶2,发酵温度为35,初始pH值为6～7,发酵时间为6d,多糖的质量分数为6.08％;菌 体含量为1.5×107cfu/g,发酵效果较好.由此可见,该方法可使复合中药渣得到合理的利用,其发酵产物可作为功能饲料资源.