一种基于应用程序的入侵检测系统模型

入侵检测是当前网络安全领域研究的重要内容之一。本文分析了基于应用程序的入侵检测系统的重要性和优点,提出了一种针对应用程序的基于系统调用的入侵检测模型。该模型可以发现已知的和未知的滥用入侵和异常入侵活动,具有自学习、自完善功能。     

一种基于应用程序的入侵检测系统模型

入侵检测是当前网络安全领域研究的重要内容之一.本文分析了基于应用程序的入侵检测系统的重要性和优点,提出了一种针对应用程序的基于系统调用的入侵检测模型.该模型可以发现已知的和未知的滥用入侵和异常入侵活动,具有自学习、自完善功能.     

可执行程序缺陷函数的静态检测方法

可执行程序的缺陷函数检测是软件漏洞发现的重要技术手段之一。从二进制代码指令流的角度出发,研究了缺陷函数的签名机制,提出了一种基于可执行程序静态分析的缺陷函数检测方法。该方法通过静态分析应用程序的可执行代码,建立进程运行过程中可能的函数调用序列集合。以该集合为基础,通过对比分析缺陷函数签名,可以准确检测该程序调用的缺陷函数集合,以及分析可能导致的脆弱性。通过实验分析,验证了该方法对于缺陷函数检测的有效性。     

基于支持向量数据描述的系统调用轨迹异常检测

通过监控主机系统调用的执行,可以在很大程度上发现入侵行为。建立支持向量数据描述(SVDD)的异常检测模型,通过对正常状态应用程序系统调用轨迹进行训练,使偏离正常模式的活动都被认为是潜在的入侵。通过对IE进程系统调用轨迹的优化处理,只利用少量的训练样本,试验获得了对异常样本99%的检测率,而虚警率不到1%。     

基于系统调用序列分析入侵检测的层次化模型

系统调用是操作系统和用户程序的接口,任何程序必须通过系统调用才能执行。近年来,网络安全事件频发,基于系统调用序列分析的入侵检测方法成为了网络安全研究的热点技术之一。本文提出了基于枚举序列、隐马尔科夫两种方法建立系统行为的层次化模型,不同于传统意义上的单层次模型。在新墨西哥大学提供的实验数据上,本方法在检测程序异常行为的准确度和响应时间方面都得到了很好的效果,表明该方法更适合基于主机入侵的在线检测方法。     

基于LDA模型的主机异常检测方法

基于系统调用序列的入侵检测是分析主机系统调用数据进而发现入侵的一种安全检测技术,其关键技术是如何能够更准确地抽取系统调用序列的特征,并进行分类。为此,引进LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation)文本挖掘模型构建新的入侵检测分类算法。该方法将系统调用短序列视为word,利用LDA模型提取进程系统调用序列的主题特征,并结合系统调用频率特征,运用kNN(k-Nearest Neighbor)分类算法进行异常检测。针对DAPRA数据集的实验结果表明,该方法提高了入侵检测的准确度,降低了误报率。     

A HOST ANOMALY DETECTION METHOD BASED ON LDA MODEL

基于系统调用序列的入侵检测是分析主机系统调用数据进而发现入侵的一种安全检测技术,其关键技术是如何能够更准确地抽取系统调用序列的特征,并进行分类.为此,引进LDA( Latent Dirichlet Allocation )文本挖掘模型构建新的入侵检测分类算法.该方法将系统调用短序列视为word,利用LDA模型提取进程系统调用序列的主题特征,并结合系统调用频率特征,运用kNN(k-Nearest Neighbor)分类算法进行异常检测.针对DAPRA数据集的实验结果表明,该方法提高了入侵检测的准确度,降低了误报率.     

基于免疫原理与粗糙集理论的入侵检测方法

针对目前基于进程系统调用的入侵检测方法中存在的问题,提出了一种基于免疫原理与粗糙集理论的入侵检测方法。该方法在对系统调用序列中的循环序列进行置换的基础上,借助于粗糙集理论,提取出一个简单的最小预测规则模型;同时融合免疫原理的有关机制,在检测模型中加入对已知入侵的快速检测引擎。同其他方法相比,该方法不需要完备的进程系统调用数据,而且得到的规则简单,更适用于实时检测。实验结果表明,该方法的检测效果优于同类的其他方法。     

基于基因规划的主机异常入侵检测模型

异常检测技术假设所有的入侵行为都会偏离正常行为模式.尝试寻找一种新的异常入侵检测模型改善准确性和效率.模型利用应用程序的系统调用序列,通过基因规划建立了正常行为模式.模型的一个例程管理一个进程.当它发现进程的实际系统调用序列模式偏离正常的行为模式时,会将进程设标记为入侵,并采取应急措施.还给出了基因规划的适应度计算方法以及两个生成下一代的基本算子.通过与现有一些模型的比较,该模型具有更好的准确性和更高的效率.     

基于系统调用分类的异常检测

提出了一种新的基于规则的异常检测模型.把系统调用按照功能和危险程度进行了分类,该模型只是针对每类中关键调用(即危险级别为1的系统调用).在学习过程中,动态地处理每个关键调用,而不是对静态的数据进行数据挖掘或统计,从而可以实现增量学习.同时通过预定义,精炼规则,有效地减少了规则数据库中的规则数目,缩减了检测过程中规则的匹配时间.实验结果清楚地表明,检测模型可以有效侦测出R2L,R2R和L2R型攻击,而且检测出的异常行为将被限制在相应的请求内而不是整个系统调用迹.检测模型适合于针对特权进程(特别是基于请求--反应型的特权进程)的异常入侵检测.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.