放电等离子烧结温度对ZK61镁合金组织及力学性能的影响北大核心CSCD

以ZK61合金粉末为原料,通过放电等离子烧结的方法制备了ZK61生物镁合金块体,研究了不同烧结温度对合金块体微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:制备出的ZK61合金块体内部结构致密,组织分布均匀,晶粒细小,块体致密度随烧结温度逐渐提高,在520℃时达到99.24%;随着烧结温度的升高,粉末颗粒间原子扩散作用增强,ZK61合金块体的力学性能也逐渐提高,在烧结温度为520℃时综合性能最好,其中显微硬度由370℃时的69.2 HV增加到79.3 HV,抗压强度和抗弯强度也获得最大值,分别为304 MPa和94.7 MPa,压缩率逐渐变大,韧性提高。     

放电等离子烧结原位制备LaB6多晶纳米块体阴极材料

用氢直流电弧法制备La-LaH2纳米粉末,再采用放电等离子烧结技术,在原位、"无氧"条件下成功制备高纯LaB6多晶纳米块体热阴极材料,并系统研究放电等离子烧结温度、压强对材料物相、结构和性能的影响.结果表明,材料中形成单相的LaB6,纯度达到99.867%,平均晶粒尺寸为120 nm,LaB6纳米块体相对密度达到99.2%,维氏硬度达到17.4 GPa,抗弯强度高达245.6 MPa,己达单晶材料的理论抗弯强度值.     

纳米晶W-Cu复合粉末烧结行为

研究了机械合金化制备的纳米晶W-xCu(x=15,20,25)复合粉末的烧结行为.结果表明,纳米晶W-Cu复合粉末烧结致密化强烈地依赖于烧结温度与烧结时间.当烧结温度从1 150℃提高到1 200℃时,烧结30min后的烧结体相对密度由91%～94%增加到97%～98%;当烧结温度超过1 300℃时,烧结体发生快速致密化,5 min内相对密度即可达到98%左右.研究还发现,W-Cu合金中W晶粒尺寸也强烈地依赖于烧结温度,即烧结温度愈高,W晶粒长大愈显著.当压坯在1 200～1 250℃烧结30 min后,所得到的晶粒度约为300～500 nm,其中经1 200℃烧结时的晶粒尺寸约为300～350 nm.另外,Cu含量增加有利于烧结致密化,并降低W晶粒长大的趋势.     

放电等离子烧结温度对ZK61镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

以ZK61合金粉末为原料,通过放电等离子烧结的方法制备了ZK61生物镁合金块体,研究了不同烧结温度对合金块体微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:制备出的ZK61合金块体内部结构致密,组织分布均匀,晶粒细小,块体致密度随烧结温度逐渐提高,在520℃时达到99.24%;随着烧结温度的升高,粉末颗粒间原子扩散作用增强,ZK61合金块体的力学性能也逐渐提高,在烧结温度为520℃时综合性能最好,其中显微硬度由370℃时的69.2 HV增加到79.3 HV,抗压强度和抗弯强度也获得最大值,分别为304 MPa和94.7 MPa,压缩率逐渐变大,韧性提高。     

高能球磨结合放电等离子体烧结制备纳米晶不锈钢材料

以316不锈钢粉为原料,采用高能球磨方法制备了316不锈钢纳米晶粉末,研究了放电等离子烧结(SPS)纳米不锈钢粉末的过程特点,以及SPS制备工艺参数对材料结构和性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,采用SPS技术可以实现纳米不锈钢粉末的快速烧结,在1050℃保温5 min的烧结条件下试样致密度达到98%以上,材料的抗弯强度为1427 MPa,弹性模量为126 MPa,硬度为68.5 HRA。透射电镜结果表明SPS烧结后,材料晶粒没有过度生长,晶粒尺度约为200 nm,获得了纳米晶粒的不锈钢材料。     

纳米复合WC-6Co粉末的快速烧结

以液相复合-连续还原碳化方法制备的纳米复合WC-6Co粉末为原料，采用放电等离子烧结（SPS），制取了超细硬质合金。利用扫描电镜、维氏硬度仪、洛氏硬度仪、密度测试仪、MTS陶瓷测试系统等，观察烧结体显微结构，测试其硬度、密度、断裂强度、矫顽磁力、磁饱和度。结果表明采用放电等离子烧结获得的烧结体的硬度HVl≥19500MPa，断裂强度TRS≥2800MPa，平均晶粒度150nm～300nm。制备了高强度、高硬度的超细WC-6Co硬质合金。     

放电等离子烧结Nd—Fe—B过程特征

研究了不同烧结温度下,放电等离子烧结的Nd-Fe-B永磁体在烧结过程中样品收缩量随温度的变化,讨论了提高样品密度的措施.放电等离子烧结的Nd-Fe-B永磁体晶粒细小且均匀,晶粒平均尺寸为3.8 μm,为一般传统粉末烧结制备Nd-Fe-B磁体晶粒尺寸的1/4.     

碳化帆颗粒尺寸对纳米晶硬质合金组织和性能的影响

利用原位还原碳化反应制备纳米尺度的WC-Co复合粉体,应用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备出纳米晶WC-Co硬质合金块体材料。分析了晶粒长大抑制剂碳化钒(VC)颗粒尺寸对纳米晶硬质合金的显微组织、晶粒尺寸及分布和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当VC的粒径减小到100 nm以下时,利用快速烧结技术可制备得到平均晶粒尺寸约为70 nm的致密WC-Co硬质合金块体材料,其物相纯净,晶粒尺寸分布均匀,维氏硬度为19.84 GPa,断裂韧性达到12.10 MPa·m1/2。     

纳米Cu粉末的放电等离子烧结

利用放电等离子烧结装置考察了纳米铜粉坯体的升温过程,研究了烧结速度和烧结温度对烧结等效电阻、烧结体相对密度及晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明：在烧结过程中存在着最佳的烧结速度,当烧结速度为150℃／min时,样品致密度达到峰值88％左右,晶粒的平均尺寸接近200nm,且烧结的等效电阻随升温速度的增加而降低;纳米Cu粉末在250℃时开始烧结成块,随烧结温度提高,烧结致密度不断提高,电阻降低;但是当升温速度过快,烧结温度过高时,出现反致密化现象。     

放电等离子烧结Fe3B／（Pr,Tb）2Fe14B块体纳米晶双相复合永磁体的性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术将非晶Pr4.2Tb0.3Fe78B17.5薄带制备成块状纳米晶复合磁体。研究了烧结条件对磁体密度、微观结构和磁性能的影响。结果表明，烧结温度的升高可使磁体得到高致密度，但同时由于其晶粒长大，结果导致磁性能的恶化。在最佳烧结条件下得到磁体的磁性能为Br=1．02T，JHc=220kA／m。磁体具有较好的微观结构，平均晶粒尺寸为20nm。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。