基于统计方法的视频序列运动人体检测

描述了一种运动人体检测的方法.首先利用多帧图象统计平均的方法得到背景模型,采用背景差法检测出运动目标,并实时地对背景模型更新,以适应光线变化和场景本身的变化;然后在HSV色度空间下检测消除阴影,得到准确的运动目标.最后用形态学方法减小噪声和背景扰动带来的影响.实验结果表明,这种方法简单高效、抗噪性强,能实现复杂背景下的运动目标检测.     

基于统计背景模型的运动目标检测方法

运动目标检测是计算机视觉、视频处理等应用领域的重要研究内容。其中减背景技术是一种常用方法。在减背景方法中，背景模型的提取、更新、背景扰动、外界光照条件变化、阴影检测等是必须要考虑的问题。提出了一种有效的运动目标检测方法，较好地解决了以上问题，首先利用统计的方法得到背景模型，并实时地对背景模型更新．以适应光线变化和场景本身的变化，用形态学方法和检测连通域面积进行后处理，消除噪声和背景扰动带来的影响，在HSV色度空间下检测阴影，得到准确的运动目标。实验结果表明，该方法是快速有效的。     

动态背景下运动目标检测与跟踪研究

主要研究动态背景下的运动目标检测和跟踪问题。背景补偿差分法是一种常用的动态背景下运动目标检测算法,但检测到的目标轮廓要比其真实轮廓大,检测结果不准确且算法复杂度较高。主动轮廓模型在图像分割和目标提取过程中具有拓扑结构变化灵活性,对数值计算方案的设计更加方便、有效,据此提出一种基于改进C-V模型和卡尔曼滤波的算法,用来检测和跟踪动态背景下的运动目标。提出的算法利用C-V模型曲线演化检测和跟踪目标,使C-V模型在目标的边缘处收敛。结合卡尔曼滤波预测运动目标下一帧位置,从而实现对运动目标轮廓的跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法可以对动态背景下运动目标进行精确的检测与跟踪。     

运动目标精确检测算法

针对运动目标检测中背景多变和干扰多样的问题,提出了一种运动目标精确检测方法。首先在HSV空间,利用无约束的学习方式迅速建立三向量背景模型,各象素点根据其像素本身的混乱程度采取不同个数的三向量模型进行描述,然后在运动目标检测过程中及时的根据背景变化对背景模型进行更新,同时根据各种干扰的特点,分别实现了光照变化、物体的移入移出和运动目标短暂停留的干扰检测和排除,使背景模型抗干扰性和收敛速度得到有效提高。实验结果表明,该算法准确性高、抗干扰性强。     

帧间差分与码书模型相融合的运动目标检测算法

针对视频检测对实时性和准确性的要求,提出了将帧间差分与码书模型相融合的运动目标检测算法.首先,选取某个t时间内采集到的视频图像作为训练图像,对图像的每一个像素点建立码书模型.把码书模型中表示前景的码书去除,余下的作为背景模型用于检测.检测运动目标时,先将待检测的相邻帧图像进行帧间差分,得到变化区域和没有变化的区域,将有变化的区域与背景模型进行拟合,区分出前一帧运动区域和目标运动区域.更新背景模型时以不同的更新方法对前一帧运动区域和目标运动区域进行更新.     

慢运动背景下运动目标提取算法*

提出一种慢运动背景视频序列下基于帧间背景图像匹配的运动目标检测和提取算法。该算法首先使用仿射变换模型来描述慢运动背景图像的运动变化,并使用基于光流约束方法求解该仿射变换模型参数,实现了相邻帧间图像的背景匹配;其次,采用背景匹配后的两帧图像差进行目标检测,使用自适应二值化区分变化与未变化区域;最后,使用形态学等图像算法进行后处理提取运动目标。算法经实验证明,在背景慢运动情况下可以有效地提取出运动目标。     

混合高斯模型结合五帧差分的运动目标检测

在复杂背景下,光照变化、目标短暂遮挡以及背景运动等因素会导致运动目标检测精度较低.提出一种结合改进混合高斯模型和改进五帧差分的运动目标检测算法,首先在混合高斯模型中加入自适应学习率以及背景学习速率更新策略有效解决传统背景更新速率恒定而出现的残影现象;然后利用改进的五帧差分法克服运动目标短暂遮挡问题,并加入光照阈值判别因素,有效减弱光照变化带来的影响;最后对两者结果进行或运算进而得到最终检测结果.实验结果表明,该融合算法在复杂环境下具有一定的抗干扰能力,运动目标检测精度较高.     

静态背景下运动对象检测的设计与实现

对静态背景下运动对象的检测方法进行研究,设计并实现了基于背景差分法的运动对象检测方法。该方法首先通过学习视频图像的每一帧建立高斯分布背景模型,构造初始背景图像;然后运用背景差分算法,得到运动对象,并对背景图像进行更新,得到实时的背景图像;最后利用背景图像和当前帧图像的差分图像,在二值化和形态滤波的处理后,获得运动目标。该方法提高了背景建模的质量,对外界环境的变化具有一定的适应性。     

基于背景估计的运动检测算法

为了有效检测出运动目标静止后的轮廓和抑制视频抖动给运动检测带来的影响,提出了基于背景估计的运动检测算法。采用带模板遮罩的背景更新策略来避免目标前景区域被更新,同时根据纹理相似性,对目标遮挡区域的背景进行估算,使得在光照变化下遮挡区域得到同步更新。通过视频稳定算法得到全局运动参数和局部运动参数,然后利用全局运动参数稳定视频,利用局部运动参数作为运动目标检测的输入,最后利用高斯模型来检测运动目标。通过对多段抖动视频做实验,结果验证了该算法的准确性和有效性。     

一种改进运动目标检测算法的研究与应用

针对运动目标检测中场景的混乱多变和干扰的复杂多样的问题,提出了一种鲁棒而有效的运动目标检测方法。通过对混合高斯模型的匹配准则和背景模型学习更新方法进行改进,使背景模型的可靠性和收敛速度得到了有效的提高。根据各种干扰的特点,分别实现了光照变化、物体的移入移出的干扰检测和排除。实验结果证明,本文提出运动目标检测算法具有较好的实时性和鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。