纤维素酶整理棉织物的性能与工艺

采用单因素试验和正交试验法优化了纤维素酶对棉织物的整理工艺，讨论了影响纤维素酶整理效果的各种因素。结果表明，棉织物经纤维素酶整理后的手感、吸湿性、透气性、白度等性能都得到一定程度的提高。     

棉针织物直接染料染色和生物酶整理一浴法探讨

使用直接染料和中性纤维素酶对棉织物进行一浴法染色和生物酶整理，探讨中性纤维素酶、直接染料和氯化钠的浓度对棉织物物理性能和染色性能的影响。     

纤维素酶在棉织物抛光工艺中的应用

探讨应用纤维素酶对棉织物进行抛光整理的工艺.分析了影响纤维素酶抛光效果的各种因素,进行了酶用量、温度、pH值、处理时间等对织物减量率、强力下降率的影响试验.结果表明:棉织物经纤维素酶抛光后其手感、悬垂性等均得到了不同程度的改善,提高了棉织物的服用性能,纤维素酶对棉织物进行抛光整理是可行的.     

活性染料染色和生物酶整理一浴法探讨

纺织品的染色和生物酶一浴法处理加工是一种具有光明发展前景的复合化染整加工。探讨了使用活性染料和中性纤维素酶对棉织物进行一浴法染色和生物酶整理,中性纤维素酶、活性染料和氯化钠的浓度对棉织物性能的影响。     

活性染料染色和生物酶整理一浴法探讨

纺织品的染色和生物酶一浴法处理加工是一种具有光明发展前景的复合化染整加工.探讨了使用活性染料和中性纤维素酶对棉织物进行一浴法染色和生物酶整理,中性纤维素酶、活性染料和氯化钠的浓度对棉织物性能的影响.     

纤维素酶整理后棉织物的机械性能

利用纤维素酶水解催化降解纤维素纤维的特性 ,把纤维素酶应用于棉织物上 ,通过试验测定整理前后棉织物机械性能的变化。     

纤维素酶和聚羧酸在棉织物防皱整理中的应用

为解决棉织物树脂防皱整理后手感和吸湿性差等诸多缺点，采用纤维素酶和聚羧酸对棉织物防皱整理。研究了纤维素酶预处理时酶浓度、pH值和处理时间对聚羧酸防皱效果的影响，确定了纤维素酶预处理的最佳工艺为：纤维素酶浓度3％（owf），pH值4．5，温度50℃，时间30min。结果表明，先经纤维素酶预处理，再进行聚羧酸防皱整理，可使棉织物的折皱回复角较对比样（未经酶处理只经防皱整理的试样）提高19°，白度提高0．7％，而断裂强力保留率仅下降1％，且整理织物的手感柔软，布面光洁，服用性能良好。     

纤维素酶整理后棉织物的机械性能

利用纤维素酶水解催化降解纤维素纤维的特性,把纤维素酶应用于棉织物上,通过试验测定整理后棉织物机械性能的变化。     

运用生物酶开发纯棉高档产品

利用纤维素酶ALP conc．对棉织物进行生物抛光整理，通过实验优化了棉织物的生物抛光工艺，并对影响生物抛光效果的各种因素进行了分析讨论。实验结果表明，棉织物经生物抛光整理后，其手感、弹性、悬垂性和毛细效应均得到了改善，生物抛光整理可提高棉织物的服用性能和附加值。     

中性纤维素酶整理对丝光棉织物性能影响的研究

研究了中性纤维素酶整理丝光棉织物后对其性能的影响,通过试验分析了酶用量、pH、整理温度和时间对织物失重率、顶破强力、硬挺度及抗起毛起球性的影响,并确定最佳工艺条件:酶用量2.0%(omf),pH=7.5,整理温度50℃,整理时间55 min.在最佳工艺条件下整理的丝光棉织物,各方面性能有不同程度的改善,顶破强力控制在220 N以上.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the