优质籼米皖稻207储藏质量指标变化规律及安全储藏期研究

通过比较分析自然低温仓房(16±1)℃、空调控温仓房(20、25℃)及不作控温处理的对照仓房储藏优质籼米皖稻207时主要质量指标变化规律和害虫发生情况,研究大米储藏周期和大米储藏安全水分,探讨储备大米品质判定关键指标。试验结果表明,从抑制害虫和抑制霉变的角度来看,(14.5±0.5)%水分的供试大米在低温储藏条件下可安全储藏,其他储藏条件下仍需配合磷化氢熏蒸密闭处理方可安全度夏;由于垩白粒率值超标(30%),4种储藏条件下的供试大米安全储藏期均仅为4~5个月;同时,推荐垩白粒率、品尝评分值和色泽气味3个指标共同作为优质籼米储藏品质判定的关键指标。     

优质籼稻控温条件下储藏品质变化规律研究

为了探究在不同温度条件下优质稻谷的储藏品质变化规律和储藏周期,以黄华占、湘晚籼13号和盛泰优18号3种优质籼稻为研究对象,在室内定期监测其储藏品质.试验结果表明:温度是优质籼稻储藏的关键指标之一,温度越低,优质籼稻色泽气味、脂肪酸值和品尝评分值等储藏指标所反映的粮食劣变程度越低.在15和20℃控温条件下,3种供试优质籼稻储藏指标在2年试验期间一直维持宜存等级,25℃控温和自然条件下,供试优质籼稻谷在试验期内不能一直维持宜存等级.因此,为延长优质籼稻储藏期,可适当降低储藏温度.     

华北地区高大平房仓稻谷控温储粮情况研究

对华北地区某高大平房仓的稻谷空调控温储藏情况进行了监测研究。结果表明：度夏期间,利用空调控温技术,仓房内空间温度和表层平均粮温可有效控制在22 ℃以下,但同一粮层不同位点温度差异大,在粮堆表层、西墙、南墙附近局部位置粮温仍会出现高于25 ℃的情况。受夏季外界环境高温影响,粮堆中心与侧壁附近温差10 ℃以上,存在“冷心热皮”引起的水分迁移现象。水分和温度在距离粮堆表层和仓房侧壁0.5 m附近易升高,成为霉菌易滋生的重点部位,同时,也是发芽率降低和脂肪酸值易升高的位置。因此,在控温储粮过程中需加强对粮堆表层和仓房侧壁粮情的监控。     

不同水分大米储藏品质变化规律研究

在实验室人工模拟条件下控制大米的储藏温度和水分,对储藏大米进行了为期13个月的试验研究。在研究期间对影响大米质量的感官指标、脂肪酸值等数据进行定期检测。结果表明：高水分大米经高温条件下储藏,当脂肪酸值达25mgKOH／100g时是大米的安全储藏期限;较低水分的大米常温或准低温下储藏,其安全期限以感官指标来判定。提出了不同含水量的大米在不同温度下的安全储藏期限。     

成品大米不同低温条件下储藏期评价研究（网络首发、推荐阅读）

通过两种成品大米在16、18和20 ℃三个准低温条件下,储藏6~12个月期间理化、外观、食味和糊化特性等品质指标的检测,结果显示：大米的脂肪酸值、黄粒米含量和回生值均随储藏温度升高和储藏时间延长而逐渐升高,食味值逐渐下降,尤其是在20 ℃条件下变化显著。多项品质指标之间存在显著的相关性,通过主成分分析法降维处理后,分别在优质籼稻和优质粳稻中提取4和3个主成分,主成分综合得分随着储藏温度的升高和储藏时间的延长逐渐下降。聚类分析结果显示,偏低水分籼米16 ℃储藏期8~12个月的品质与18 ℃的储藏期6~8个月和20 ℃储藏期6个月的品质相当,保持18 ℃储藏10~12个月的品质在20 ℃的储藏期约为8个月;偏高水分粳米保持16 ℃储藏10~12个月的品质,在18和20 ℃的储藏期约为6个月。为成品大米低温储藏实践中,温度条件的精细化控制提供参考。     

西安地区大米安全过夏技术的讨论

我市储藏的大米,绝大部分由省外调来。由于大米储藏稳定性较差,加之仓房等条件的限制,每到夏季,总要进行翻倒、过机、摊凉,花费大量的人、财、物力,但粮食品质劣变仍比较严重。 为了确保大米储藏安全,使群众能吃到比较新鲜的粮食自1981年以来,我们在胡家庙、白家口、大兴路粮库分别采取自然密闭缺氧、自然低温、低氧低剂量(PH_3)等保管方法进行大米过夏试验,基本上达到了不用药或少用药,有效地防止虫霉危害安全度夏的目的,并于1983年广泛应用于生产。现将试验情况简述如下:     

北方地区内环流储粮技术在平房仓中的控温效果试验

在平房仓内安装内环流智能控温系统,使得仓房储存条件达到准低温储粮标准。通过夏季储粮高温期对试验仓房温度变化的测试情况,证明利用内环流系统可以明显降低仓温、粮温,有效控制储粮害虫生长繁殖,从而达到储粮免熏蒸安全度夏的效果。     

储藏粳米垩白变化规律分析研究

为了比较不同储存条件对成品大米垩白程度的影响,以"辽星"粳稻大米为样品,设定10、15、20、25℃以及常温条件等五个温度进行控温、湿度储存实验。经过6个月储存,在所有储存温度条件下,垩白粒率和垩白度均呈上升趋势,且温度越高,上升幅度越大;低温条件下,垩白粒率和垩白度的增加幅度较小。25℃条件下变化明显,垩白粒率由6.1%上升到22.6%,垩白度由2.2%上升到5.7%。粳稻大米的垩白粒率和垩白度与储藏时间呈现显著的相关性。     

不同温控条件下米象的生长规律及其对粳米品质的影响

以人工智能气候箱作为控温设备,观察密实袋包装粳米中米象在5、10、15、20、25℃条件下的生长规律,并研究在不同温度条件下供试大米的品质变化,经过1a的跟踪分析,结果发现:在25℃条件下,米象种群生长速度最快,对供试大米品质的影响主要体现在碎米、杂质以及品尝评分值3个指标上,而对供试大米的水分及脂肪酸值影响不大。     

应急储备大米储存技术和品质变化规律研究

为切实保障应急储备大米储存安全、品质良好,研究准低温条件下大米度夏期间储存品质的变化和合适储存条件,得出本地区储存应急储备大米度夏期间仓温应在20～24℃之间,大米水分应小于15%,仓湿应控制在50%～65%之间,堆垛货位高度应小于3.2 m。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the