降解玉米赤霉烯酮的芽孢杆菌筛选

利用96孔板,通过菌株与毒素共培养的方法,从217株芽孢菌中,经初筛和复筛得到两株具有很好降解效果的菌株,即T-246和T-420,它们分别能够在6 h和9 h内将15μg/m L的玉米赤霉烯酮完全降解。通过16S r DNA序列分析鉴定,T-246和T-420分别为同温层芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stratosphericus)和短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。对其降解机理的初步研究表明,这两株菌对玉米赤霉烯酮都具有一定程度的吸附作用,但主要作用源于胞外酶的酶促降解。     

玉米赤霉烯酮脱毒菌株的筛选及脱毒机理初探

为筛选高效脱除玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,ZEN)的脱毒菌株,利用96孔板高通量筛选法,从135份赤霉病高发区域土壤样品中成功筛选出具有较强ZEN清除作用的两株芽孢杆菌Fu2-3和Fu41-3。经16S rRNA序列分析,菌株Fu2-3和Fu41-3分别为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)和特基拉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tequilensis)。对其降解机理的初步研究表明,两株菌对ZEN均具有一定程度的吸附作用,但主要脱毒作用仍为生物的降解作用。BLYES法研究结果表明,菌株Fu41-3的脱毒体系中仍具有较大雌激素毒性,菌株Fu2-3脱毒体系无雌激素响应,该菌可将ZEN转化为雌激素含量极低的代谢产物,脱毒效果更佳。筛选获得了两株ZEN降解芽孢杆菌,为ZEN的生物脱毒提供了一定的理论依据。     

玉米赤霉烯酮降解微生物的筛选与鉴定

从全国各地的土壤、污水、受污染的玉米、家畜肠道粪便等134份样品中分离得到1 628株菌落形态各异的微生物.通过以玉米赤霉烯酮为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基高通量筛选,获得8株降解玉米赤霉烯酮效果良好的菌株,其中2株降解效果较高,分别命名为Y64-3和Y84-7,降解率分别为60.08％和54.90％.经初步鉴定两株菌株均为芽孢菌.     

蜜环菌对玉米加工副产物中玉米赤霉烯酮降解效果

以蜜环菌Am-07-22 为发酵菌株,以玉米皮和玉米黄粉为主要研究对象,以玉米赤霉烯酮的降解率为指标,考察不同发酵时间、发酵温度、料液比、接种量对玉米皮和玉米黄粉中玉米赤霉烯酮降解率的影响,并研究蜜环菌Am-07-22 对玉米皮和玉米黄粉不同比例混合物的毒素降解效果及产物中蛋白质和多糖的含量变化。结果表明：蜜环菌降解玉米皮中玉米赤霉烯酮的最佳条件为发酵温度27 ℃、料液比1∶1.5（g/mL）、接种量10%,玉米赤霉烯酮的降解率为93.63%,蜜环菌降解玉米黄粉中玉米赤霉烯酮的最佳条件为发酵温度27 ℃、料液比1∶2（g/mL）、接种量12.5%,玉米赤霉烯酮的降解率为96.60%。蜜环菌Am-07-22 固态发酵不同质量比的玉米皮、玉米黄粉（1∶1、1∶2、2∶1）中玉米赤霉烯酮的降解率分别为95.93%、96.62% 和96.97%,质量比为2∶1 的玉米皮、玉米黄粉中蛋白质和多糖含量提高,分别提高91% 和52%。蜜环菌Am-07-22 不仅对玉米加工副产物中玉米赤霉烯酮有良好的降解效果,同时提高产物中蛋白质和多糖含量。     

合理运用各种检测方法 准确测定饲料及食品中玉米赤霉烯酮

正玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)又称F-2毒素,是一种由禾谷镰刀菌以及雪腐镰刀菌等菌种产生的一种有毒代谢物,会从赤霉病玉米中分离并且影响到食品的质量。玉米赤霉烯酮具有雌激素作用,主要作用于生殖系统,可使家畜、家禽和实验小鼠产生雌性激素亢进症。     

3株降解玉米赤霉烯酮芽孢杆菌的快速鉴定

为了快速确定筛选的3株降解玉米赤霉烯酮的芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp. YW、Bacillus sp. CP、Bacillus sp. GJ)的分类地位,利用形态学、生理生化特性、保守持家基因的进化分析及特异性PCR对菌株进行鉴定。3株芽孢杆菌的形态特征及生理生化特性非常相似,均产芽孢;结合16S rDNA序列分析、gyrA基因的系统发育树及特异引物PCR结果显示,菌株YW和CP属于贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),菌株GJ属于解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。本研究表明保守持家基因序列分析及特异性PCR,能够快速、灵敏地对芽孢杆菌近缘物种进行分子鉴定,为功能性微生物菌株的快速筛选鉴定提供参考。     

小豆内生真菌的筛选鉴定及其产玉米赤霉烯酮的可能性探究

玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)是目前全球范围污染谷物最广泛的霉菌毒素之一,对人体和动物健康都会产生极大威胁,目前从市售小豆检测到ZEN。【目的】筛选暴露ZEN的小豆内生真菌,结合经典方法和分子生物学方法鉴定所筛选内生真菌,并探索菌株潜在的ZEN产生风险。【方法】以暴露ZEN的小豆为样本,将分离纯化后的内生真菌进行经典形态观察;同时扩增真菌核糖体保守序列ITS1、ITS4,镰刀菌特异基因序列FU1、FU2确定小豆中镰刀菌种属,同时通过ZEN玉米赤霉烯酮产毒控制基因pks13进行PCR扩增,分析菌株ZEN合成的潜在风险。【结果】鉴别出3株镰刀菌,其中2株初步鉴定为砖红镰刀菌(Fusarium lateritium)、1株为花腐镰刀菌(Fusarium napiforme),未检测出ZEN合成关键基因;1株玛利节菱孢霉(Arthrinium marii),分子检测具有产ZEN玉米赤霉烯酮毒素的可能性。将以上4株菌分别回接至ZEN的产毒培养基,LC-MS/MS法未检测出ZEN毒素。【结论】暴露ZEN的小豆具有内生镰刀菌,存在可能产ZEN的内生节菱孢霉;回接培养基未检测到ZEN,但不排除小豆产生ZEN的风险。     

玉米赤霉烯酮生物脱毒及关键酶作用机理的研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,ZEN,ZEA)是由镰刀菌属产生的一类具有类雌激素生物活性的霉菌毒素,广泛存在于玉米、小麦等谷物及其制品中。本文综述了各类微生物降解ZEN的研究现状,重点比较其脱毒效率及产物毒性,尤以不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.SM04)、粉红粘帚菌(Gliocladium roseum IFO 7063)、毛孢子菌(Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans)和假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.ZE-1)研究较为全面,进一步总结了ZEN降解的关键酶及其作用机制,为微生物降解玉米赤霉烯酮的研究提供依据,也为大环内酯化合物和芳香族化合物的降解开拓更广泛的途径。     

新收获小麦中玉米赤霉烯酮监测与分析

玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)是真菌毒素中的一种,国标要求其在小麦和小麦粉中的限量为60μg/kg。监测近3年泰州市小麦中玉米赤霉烯酮发现,泰州市小麦中玉米赤霉烯酮含量均值远低于国家标准限值,卫生状况良好。对玉米赤霉烯酮和呕吐毒素相关性进行统计分析后发现,两种真菌毒素存在显著的正相关,方程为y=0.019x-9.007,相关系数R~2为0.9365。     

2022年第一季度粕类样品中真菌毒素污染分析

本研究对2022年第一季度收集的57份粕类(不含豆粕与花生粕)样品进行真菌毒素检测分析,采用高效液相色谱法对样品中黄曲霉毒素B₁、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(呕吐毒素)及玉米赤霉烯酮3种真菌毒素的含量进行检测,并参照GB 13078—2017、GB 2761—2017两类限量及相关产品标准对检测结果进行分析与评价。结果显示粕类样品中玉米赤霉烯酮、呕吐毒素处于中风险范围,黄曲霉毒素处于低风险范围。粕类样品中应重点关注玉米胚芽粕,此类样品有33%处于呕吐毒素中风险范围,有13%处于呕吐毒素高风险范围,有38%处于玉米赤霉烯酮中风险范围,有62%处于玉米赤霉烯酮高风险范围。粕类样品中多毒素共污染情况,除呕吐毒素/玉米赤霉烯酮两种毒素共污染的比例为37%外,其余共污染比例均小于10%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the