基于互质阵列的相干与非相干目标DOA估计算法

提出基于互质阵列的相干与非相干混合目标空间达波方向(DOA)估计算法。首先,基于差协同阵等效的概念,将互质阵列相关矩阵的元素重排形成增广相关矩阵;然后采用矩阵重构对增广相关矩阵进行解相关处理;最后,对解相关的增广相关矩阵进行多重信号分类(MUSIC)空间谱搜索,实现对目标的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,该算法可实现对数目多于互质阵列物理阵元的相干与非相干混合目标的DOA估计。对比矩阵重构、前向空间平滑和前后向空间平滑3种解相关算法,矩阵重构解相关获得了更大的可分辨目标数目,在低信噪比(SNR)下呈现出更佳的估计误差性能,而空间平滑解相关在低快拍情况下具备更优的估计误差性能。     

一种基于波束空间的单次快拍MUSIC算法

针对MUSIC算法在工程应用中存在的计算量大、快拍需求数多等问题,详细研究了一种单次快拍MUSIC算法。针对这种算法存在的分辨力差、估计偏差大等缺陷,提出了一种新的基于波束空间的单次快拍MUSIC算法,该方法首先利用单次快拍来估计阵列数据的协方差矩阵,再将常规波束形成方法和MUSIC超分辨方法相结合,实现对空间谱的估计。仿真结果表明,这种新方法提高了分辨力,降低了估计偏差,进一步减少了运算量。     

Fast DOA estimation algorithm using pseudocovariance matrix

This paper proposes a new direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm that can rapidly estimate the DOAs of incidence signals using a pseudocovariance matrix even under coherent interference environments. The conventional multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, which should estimate a covariance matrix, cannot perform a DOA estimation until it acquires the covariance matrix. In addition, the MUSIC algorithm cannot be used under rapidly changing or correlated interference environments. In contrast, the proposed algorithm can obtain a bearing response after acquiring the pseudocovariance matrix based on a single snapshot. Signal incidence angles can then be accurately estimated by combining the bearing response and the location of pattern s. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm can rapidly estimate the DOAs of signals even when they are correlated.     

基于改进典范分解的嵌套阵列DOA估计

摘 要：为了避免在对嵌套阵列做DOA估计时进行空域峰值搜索,将典范分解应用于嵌套阵列,通过单次奇异值分解、双线性映射和张量分解得到阵列导向量矩阵和入射角。但现有典范分解算法只适用于无噪条件,通过两次奇异值分解改进了该算法,使其在无噪和有噪条件下均适用。仿真结果表明：在相同信噪比、快拍数情况下,基于改进典范分解的嵌套阵列DOA估计算法相比MUSIC、空间平滑算法具有更好的估计性能和更少的运算时间。     

An iterative technique to achieve enhanced spectral resolution

An iterative technique, called iterative MUSIC (ITM), is introduced that achieves enhanced resolution performance equivalent to MUSIC's without performing the eigensystem decomposition of the array correlation matrix. The technique can be modified to accommodate a signal-space or a noise-space spectral resolution algorithm. Simulation results are included that compare the relative performance of the derived iterative technique and MUSIC. It is shown that the spectral estimation performance of ITM with three iterations is similar to that of MUSIC for signal-to-noise ratios in the range from 0 to 30 dB     

声矢量阵张量分解MUSIC算法

矢量水听器同时、共点测量声场中的声压和振速分量,因此相对于声压水听器能够获取更多的声场信息,多重信号分类算法(MUSIC)是一种具有高分辩能力的方位估计算法,本文对声矢量阵接收信号三阶张量建模,并通过高阶奇异值分解得到信号张量子空间,从而结合MUSIC算法对声源进行方位估计。基于三阶张量奇异值分解得到的信号子空间相比于传统的矩阵奇异值分解得到的信号子空间能够更好地抑制噪声,并且体现了多维数据之间的关联关系,因此方位估计精度更高。计算机仿真结果表明:矢量阵张量分解MUSIC算法性能优于传统矢量阵MUSIC方法。      

VAE/MPM/GA Technique for DoA Estimation Using Optimized Antenna Arrays

Many algorithms have been proposed to estimate the direction of arrival for the targets, but through using a large number of snapshots. In real time applications such as automotive radar, this is unacceptable as it causes delay and heavy processing. Instead, if only a small number of snapshots or, optimally, a single snapshot is available for DoA estimation, it will be fast and efficient. Single snapshot algorithms have a drawback as they require a large number of antenna elements, which considered a limiting factor. In this paper, a single snapshot DoA estimation technique is introduced by using optimized antenna arrays. The proposed algorithm is based on utilization of virtual array extension, matrix pencil method, and the genetic algorithm. The use of virtual array extension greatly improves the MPM performance. Furthermore, it exhibits a high DoA estimation accuracy by using a reduced number of antenna elements. The genetic algorithm is employed to determine the minimum number of antenna elements, which are required to estimate the DoAs with minimal root mean square error.

     

Full Azimuth Direction-of-Arrival Estimation With Successive-Selection Technique

A method for full-azimuth direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation of multiple signals with a hexagonal array is proposed. The DoA estimation is performed in two steps. In the first, a set of estimate candidates is constructed by gathering the estimates that are obtained from applying the low-computational-cost Unitary-ESPRIT algorithm to several translational invariances designed into a hexagonal array. In the second step, the DoA estimates are successively selected from the estimate candidate set by using a selection function. The proposed method removes the north-or-south signal membership ambiguity and the limitation on the number of estimable sources, problems common to any ESPRIT-based algorithm used with one translational invariance. Therefore, up to $M-1$ signal DoA estimations can be expected with an $M$- element hexagonal array in the full azimuth. The successive-selection approach is based on a selection function that uses an estimate of the signal's spatial correlation matrix to successively select the DoA estimates. For each DoA estimate selection, the already estimated signal components are removed from the correlation matrix. Such an approach is shown to actually allow the selection of suitable estimates from among a set of estimate candidates. Finally, the method's DoA estimation and resolution capabilities are demonstrated by computer simulation and comparison with the CramÉr–Rao bound.      

基于L型和差嵌套阵的二维波达方向估计

针对传统L型均匀阵列二维波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计中可估计信源数目受限于阵元数、分辨率低等问题,提出了一种新的L型和差嵌套阵列结构。该L型阵列的两个子阵布置相同,是非均匀的稀疏阵,通过阵元位置之间的差分、求和操作达到虚拟扩展阵元数目的效果,从而提升阵列的自由度。采用该阵列进行二维DOA估计时,两个子阵分别先进行一维的DOA估计,再采用PSCM（Pair-matching Signal Covariance Matrices）算法进行一维角度配对。每个子阵进行一维波达方向估计时,先采用VCAM（Vectorized Conjugate Augmented MUSIC）算法生成非均匀稀疏阵的求和求差协方差矩阵,再采用矩阵重构的方法恢复协方差矩阵的秩,最后对协方差矩阵采用MUSIC（Multiple Signal Classification）算法进行DOA估计。实验仿真表明,本阵列有着更高的自由度和估计精度。      

Reactance-domain ESPRIT algorithm for a hexagonally shaped seven-element ESPAR antenna

A direction-of-arrival (DoA) method that combines the reactance-domain (RD) technique and the ESPRIT algorithm is proposed for use with the 7-element electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) for the estimation of noncoherent sources. Simulations show that the method could resolve up to three incoming signals with an estimation performance that depends on the signal's angle of arrival. Moreover, the method is compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) and the MUSIC asymptotic error variance, both modified for the RD technique. Numerical comparison between this lower bound and the MUSIC algorithm confirmed that the proposed method can achieve the CRB and provide high-precision DoA estimation with a level of performance that is sufficient for many DoA finding applications. The proposed method could be demonstrated by means of experiments on DOA estimation conducted in an anechoic chamber.     

阵元失效下基于Khatri-Rao积的高分辨测向方法

在雷达、声呐、深空通信等实际应用中,阵元的失效会造成检测性能下降,虚警率增加;在目标方位估计中,阵元失效会造成采样协方差矩阵的秩亏问题,使得基于子空间类的传统目标方位估计方法失效。针对存在阵元失效的均匀线列阵的目标方位估计问题,提出了一种基于Khatri-Rao(KR)积处理的阵列自由度恢复方法以及Toeplitz矩阵数据重构的高分辨DOA估计方法。首先对有损伤的阵列采样协方差矩阵进行KR积处理,将产生的冗余项进行平均处理, 处理后的阵列模型将重构阵列自由度,并将阵列孔径扩展为之前的2倍。该阵列模型等效为一确定噪声下的单快拍的相干源估计, 采用基于Toeplitz矩阵数据重构的方法来去相干,重构协方差,最后采用MUSIC方法进行方位估计。数值仿真表明该方法能有效解决均匀线列阵阵元失效下的自由度损失问题,提高阵列的目标方位估计性能,而且具有计算量小的优点。     

Off‐grid DoA estimation method of wideband signals

In this paper, an off‐grid direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method is proposed for wideband signals. This method is based on the sparse representation (SR) of the array covariance matrix. Similar to the time domain DoA estimation methods, the correlation function of the sources was assumed to be the same and known. A new measurement vector is obtained using the lower‐left triangular elements of the covariance matrix. The DoAs are estimated by quantizing the entire range of continuous angle space into discrete grid points. However, the exact DoAs may be located between two grid points; therefore, this estimation has errors. The accuracy of DoA estimation is improved by the minimization of the difference between the new measurement vector and its estimated values. Simulation results revealed that the proposed method can enhance the DoA estimation accuracy of wideband signals.     

Compensation for the mutual coupling effect for the ESPRIT algorithm in single snapshot array processing

An effective method is introduced to compensate the effects of mutual coupling for the Estimation of Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Techniques (ESPRIT) direction finding algorithm in application of signal snapshot array processing.Changing the covariance matrix into a Teoplitz matrix can achieve high resolution in the Direction Of Arrive (DOA) estimation.How the mutual coupling affects the array antennas has been discussed and a new definition of mutual im- pedance has been used to characterize the mutual coupling effects between the array elements.Based on the new mutual impedance matrix,a practical method is presented to eliminate the effects of mutual coupling for ESPRIT in the single snapshot data processing.The simulation results show that, this new method not only properly reduces the effects of mutual coupling,but also maintains its steady performance even for weak signals.     

共形阵列天线MUSIC算法性能分析

该文在建立了三维共形天线阵列流形的数学模型基础上,将经典高分辨波达方向(DOA)估计方法多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法移植到共形阵列天线中;详细分析推导了MUSIC算法在共形阵列天线 (锥面阵列、柱面阵列、球面阵列)中的估计方差、克拉美-罗界(CRB);通过计算机仿真试验对比MUSIC算法在面阵(均匀线阵、均匀圆阵)与共形阵列中的性能函数以及估计方差,给出了MUSIC 算法在不同阵列形式中DOA估计性能的评估与比较,仿真结果显示MUSIC算法在不同阵列形式中的估计性能均随阵元个数以及信噪比的增加而变好,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

OFDM系统中基于PM的时延估计算法

在正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的超分辨时延估计中,针对多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法的特征分解计算复杂度较高的问题,给出一种基于传播算子(PM)的时延估计算法。对OFDM系统进行信道估计,根据信道估计结果计算协方差矩阵,并利用协方差矩阵计算PM,然后根据PM构造出噪声子空间并将其标准正交化,最后利用伪谱函数进行时延估计。仿真结果和复杂度分析表明,在复杂度大幅度下降的条件下,所提算法与MUSIC性能相当,且逼近克拉美罗界。     

TD-SCDMA系统基于MUSIC算法的DOA估计研究

针对传统DOA估计方法存在分辨率低,且现有多重信号分类算法不适用于TD-SCDMA系统等问题,研究了TD-SCDMA系统中基于MUSIC算法的DOA估计、基于TD-SCDMA系统均匀圆阵阵列模型,通过对其采用预处理技术,推导了TD-SCDMA系统中用于DOA估计的基本MUSIC算法和求根MUSIC算法,并通过仿真分析了影响DOA估计分辨率的因素。仿真分析表明,求根MUSIC算法具有更高的分辨率。     

基于G-S正交的信号子空间宽带聚焦DOA估计算法

提出基于G-S（Gram-Schmidt）正交算法的信号子空间宽带聚焦DOA估计算法。该算法基于G-S正交方法,求得矩阵的信号子空间,并利用局域子空间投影算法（LSP）,构造宽带信号子空间最佳聚焦矩阵。分析表明,该算法不需矩阵特征分解,运算量小于双边变换（TCT）方法,性能优于TCT方法。仿真结果证明了算法的有效性。     

空间谱估计的仿真研究

建立了空间谱估计的仿真环境。介绍了带有方位信息的无线电信号、各种噪声、均匀线性阵列、波源数与相干性预估计、MUSIC算法、Smoothing算法、谱曲线图与谱峰值表等模块的仿真模型。基于仿真环境进行了大量的仿真实验，据此分析了波源数与相干性预估计的矩阵分解法、MUSIC算法、Smoothing算法的效能。     

采用降秩多级维纳滤波器的二维DOA估计快速算法

针对双平行线阵的二维波达方向(DOA)估计问题,为有效降低计算复杂度,提出了一种基于降秩多级维纳滤波器(MSWF)的快速算法。首先利用MSWF的前向递推实现信号子空间的快速估计,无需估计协方差矩阵和特征分解;然后,通过MUSIC算法对方位角和俯仰角的估计进行分维估计,使二维DOA估计退化为两个一维DOA估计问题,且方位角和俯仰角自动配对,进一步降低了运算量。仿真结果表明,该方法的估计精度优于同样基于双平行线阵提出的波达方向矩阵法(DOAM),俯仰角兼并时同样适用,计算复杂度低,适用于实时性要求高的应用背景。     

基于平行互质虚拟阵列的低复杂度二维DOA联合估计算法

针对传统平行阵列2维测向自由度低、分辨能力差和小快拍情况下估计误差大等问题,该文提出基于平行互质虚拟阵列的低复杂度2维波达角(DOA)估计算法。该算法利用两个相互平行的互质线阵扩展生成虚拟阵列,并通过协方差矩阵和互协方差矩阵构造具有增强2维角度自由度的扩展矩阵,最后通过奇异值分解(SVD)和旋转不变技术(ESPRIT)获得自动匹配的2维角度估计。相比于传统的2维DOA估计方法,所提算法更好地利用了阵列接收数据信息,能识别更多的入射信号,分辨能力高,不需要进行2维线性搜索或者角度参数匹配,在低信噪比 (SNR)和小快拍情况下也有很好的估计效果。实验仿真结果验证了提出算法的有效性和可靠性。