共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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秸秆、动植物油脂、微藻等生物质原料可以生产液体运输燃料,生物燃料的化学成分包括醇、酯、烃三类。燃料乙醇主要替代汽油,受到各国重视,其中纤维素乙醇技术发展较快。脂肪酸甲酯是第一代生物柴油的主要成分,价格主要受油脂原料价格的影响,由于和柴油相容性差,低温流动性不好,将逐渐被加氢生产的第二代生物柴油取代。相比醇、酯等含氧燃料,烃类生物燃料在使用性能上有很多优势。有多条技术路线可以生产烃类燃料,其中油脂加氢制喷气燃料已接近商业应用,热解油加氢可将木质生物质原料中的"木质素"组分转化为生物油,大型快速热解工厂可以和热电联产装置组成联合系统,从而提高工厂综合热效率,降低生物燃料生产成本。因此,快速热解生产汽柴油将成为主要的生物燃料生产路线。生物质与煤共气化技术通过提高气化温度,不仅可以提高生物质气化效率,减少焦油的生成,还可以解决生物质供给的季节性问题,为生物质的高效利用提供了一条新的技术途径。微藻高压液化生产柴油是最具发展潜力的第三代生物燃料技术,我国需要加强微藻养殖及加工技术攻关。 相似文献
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生物柴油及其生产技术的进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了由可再生油脂原料衍生的环保燃料生物柴油在国内外应用现状,重点介绍了酯交换法制备生物柴油技术研究进展情况,展望了生物柴油产业在我国的发展前景。 相似文献
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海藻生物燃料产业化开发的进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
海藻种类多样、光合作用效率高、生长周期短、生物产量高、自身合成油脂能力强,同时还能大量吸收CO2,是制备生物柴油最佳的生物质原料之一。国内外对海藻生物燃料技术的研发均取得一定成果。海藻生物柴油的生产过程主要包括海藻大规模培养、海藻油萃取、酯交换反应、生物柴油后处理4个步骤,而最重要的是海藻的大规模培养。光生物反应器已成为高效、快速、大量培养藻类的关键没备,其一般分为开放式和封闭式两种。AlgaeLink NV公司的海藻光生物反应器是目前世界上唯一已商业化的小型装置。我国企业采用自主研发的反应器装置,通过对环境条件因素进行控制,在技术上已达到海藻含油率40%,日产量1~1.4kg/m^3。当海藻含油率达到60%,日产量平均达到3kg/m^3以上时,海藻生物柴油的生产成本将接近石油柴油的批发价,海藻生物柴油产业将成为一个新兴的替代能源产业。 相似文献
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利用餐厨垃圾中的油脂生产生物柴油技术与政策问题研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文依据对一个饭店隔油池垃圾量不间断的测定,发现地沟油的量与饭店食用油消费量以及肉类消费量直接相关,并依据全国油料种植、食用油进口量以及肉类消费量得到全国废弃油脂的量为300~1400万t;对地沟油和泔水油管理领域可能出现的问题进行了分析。提出了隔油池垃圾与餐厨垃圾分类处理的理念;分析了地沟油与泔水油生产生物柴油的技术路线与质量标准,指出泔水油宜采用碱法、地沟油宜采用酸法生产生物柴油;提出了相关的政策建议。 相似文献
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近日,由中国农科院油料所研发的生物柴油品质改良技术与多功能高效改良剂通过了有关鉴定。目前,我国以废弃油脂为原料生产的生物柴油原料成份复杂,成品油普遍存在两大品质问题,一是含有大量易氧化的不饱和双键,既降低燃烧热值,又产生酸性物质腐蚀发动机金属部件,同时产生的氧化物不能充分燃烧,产生黑烟,污染环境; 相似文献
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The present global economy downturn affects every corner of the world including the vehicular fuel industry. This paper highlights some of the perspectives for the biodiesel industry to thrive as an alternative fuel, while discussing benefits and limitations of biodiesel. This includes the improvement of the conversion technology to achieve a sustainable process at cheaper cost, environmentally benign and cleaner emissions, diversification of products derived from glycerol, and policy and government incentives. More specifically, an overview is given on making the production process more economical by developing high conversion and low cost catalysts from renewable sources, and utilizing waste oil as feedstock. Further emphasis is given on the need for public education and awareness for the use and benefits of biodiesel, while promoting policies that will not only endorse the industry, but also promote effective land management. 相似文献
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The co-production of biodiesel and methane gas from grease trap waste (GTW) was evaluated and compared against theoretical predictions of methane production from sole anaerobic digestion of GTW. The GTW was first processed into two separate phases comprised of fats, oil, and grease (FOG) and high strength wastewater (GTW wastewater). The GTW wastewater was then anaerobically digested in biochar packed up-flow column reactors to produce methane gas and a low-strength wastewater effluent while the FOG phase was set aside for conversion into biodiesel. Anaerobic digestion efficiencies that yielded chemical oxygen demand (COD) reductions up to 95% and methane headspace concentrations between 60 and 80% were achieved along with FOG to biodiesel conversion efficiencies of 90%. Methane production yields (m3 per kg COD reduced) achieved theoretical maximums with near total depletion of the volatile organic acids. High resolution images of biochar samples confirmed extensive coverage with thick biofilm communities. Microbial analysis revealed broad spectrum populations of anaerobic bacteria that ferment organic substrates to produce acetate, ethanol, and hydrogen as major end products as well as archaeal populations that produce methane gas. Energy calculations validated the co-production of biodiesel and methane gas from GTW as a competitive option relative to its co-digestion with sewage sludge. 相似文献
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目前全球炼油厂工业应用的渣油深度转化技术主要有两种:一是焦化,二是沸腾床加氢裂化。焦化技术最大的问题是把一部分渣油原料变成了石油焦和少量气体;而沸腾床加氢裂化技术的渣油转化率也只有55%~75%,渣油仍未得到高效利用,且装置投资大,操作复杂。所幸的是,现在渣油深度转化提高轻油收率技术有了新进展。沸腾床加氢裂化集成技术——LC-MAX工艺和H-Oil-延迟焦化集成工艺已经开发成功,正在准备工业应用,其中LC-MAX工艺渣油转化率可达80%~90%,并且提高了加工原料的灵活性,降低了反应系统的投资和操作费用。另外,渣油悬浮床加氢裂化技术也取得了突破性进展,正在建设工业装置的有KBR公司的VCC技术、UOP公司的Uniflex技术、Eni公司的EST技术和委内瑞拉国家石油公司的HDHPLUS技术。VCC技术的渣油转化率可达95%;Uniflex技术采用纳米级催化剂,转化率可达90%以上;而EST技术首套工业装置将加工难以转化的乌拉尔原油减压渣油,如果渣油转化率能达到95%,且能长期运转,将是渣油深度转化技术的重大突破。渣油悬浮床加氢裂化技术是当今炼油工业的世界级难题和前沿技术,国家"十二五"规划要求炼油行业到2015年轻油收率从目前的75%左右提高到80%。为此,建议抓紧组织产学研三结合的研发团队,充分发挥国家重点实验室和国家工程研究中心的作用,高度重视渣油悬浮床加氢裂化催化剂的筛选工作。同时,国家有关部门要加大支持和协调力度,确保到2015年取得重大突破。 相似文献
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加速发展我国生物航空燃料产业的思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了减少温室气体排放,应对欧盟征收碳排放费用,加速发展生物航空燃料产业已引起许多国家的高度重视。各国已成功进行了多次军用和民用飞机采用混合生物航空燃料或生物航空燃料的试飞,但目前仍处于试飞和安全性评估阶段,尚未实现商业化生产。一些国家已经或正在建设生物航空燃料的示范装置/工业装置,所采用的技术一类是两段加氢,另一类是气化合成。其中UOP公司开发的两段加氢技术要解决的技术难点主要是强放热反应会引起催化剂床层温度超标;而简化合成气生产工艺是生物质气化合成生产生物航空燃料的关键所在。未来生物航空燃料工厂的原料和生产技术主要有海藻油两段加氢和生物丁醇转化生产生物航空燃料。加速发展我国生物航空燃料产业的主要问题是原料来源和技术来源。我国三大石油公司建设的麻风树种植基地共240×104亩,全部建成投产后每年可以得到麻风果油64.8×104t,预计2020年我国建设的能源林基地可提供600×104t以上的生物柴油原料,2015年农作物秸秆可达到9×108t,现在的问题是要尽快落实到位;从我国现有技术和新技术开发情况看,利用具有完全自主知识产权的技术还是有条件的。同时,加速发展我国生物航空燃料产业也离不开政府有关部门的重视和支持。 相似文献
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Savita Dixit Sangeeta kanakraj A. Rehman 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2012,16(7):4415-4421
The energy crisis contributed to the development of bio-diesel production. Petroleum, charcoal and natural gas sources are limited and will be exhausted by the next century. Thus, looking for alternative source of energy is of vital importance Vegetable oils are a renewable and potentially inexhaustible source of energy with an energetic content close to diesel fuel. In recent years, bio-diesel has become more attractive as an alternative fuels for diesel engine because of its environmental benefits and it is made from renewable resource. Since edible oil demand is higher than its domestic production; there is no possibility of diverting this oil for production of bio-diesel in India. Being a tropical country, India is rich in forest resources having a wide range of trees, which yield a significant quantity of oilseeds. India is importing crude petroleum & petroleum products from Gulf countries. Indian scientists searched for an alternate to diesel fuel to preserve global environment and to withstand economical crisis. This review paper describes the production of linseed oil, its properties, composition and future potential for bio-diesel. Linseed plant contains high amount of oil in its seeds which can be converted to bio-diesel. Fatty acid compositions of linseed reported in literature are provided in this review. In this study the properties of methyl ester of linseed oil are compared with the properties of fossil diesel. The objective of this review is to give an update on the linseed plant, the production of bio-diesel from the linseed oil and research attempts to improve the technology of converting linseed oil to bio-diesel and the fuel properties of linseed bio-diesel. The technological methods that can be used to produce bio-diesel are presented together with their advantage and disadvantages. Many other areas that need to be researched on linseed oil are pointed out in this review. 相似文献