Anomaly detection of smart metering system for power management with battery storage system/electric vehicle

A novel smart metering technique capable of anomaly detection was proposed for real-time home power management system. Smart meter data generated in real-time were obtained from 900 households of single apartments. To detect outliers and missing values in smart meter data, a deep learning model, the autoencoder, consisting of a graph convolutional network and bidirectional long short-term memory network, was applied to the smart metering technique. Power management based on the smart metering technique was executed by multi-objective optimization in the presence of a battery storage system and an electric vehicle. The results of the power management employing the proposed smart metering technique indicate a reduction in electricity cost and amount of power supplied by the grid compared to the results of power management without anomaly detection.     

基于动态优先级的智能家居户间能源调度算法

针对智能家居中单用户能源调度所忽略的电网侧稳定性的要求,以及多用户能源调度中用户舒适度考虑不足的问题,通过分析家电设备运行特性以及用户需求,对用户用电时间以及家居设备类型进行了分类,并提出家居设备二维动态优先级,在此基础上设计了智能家居户间能源调度算法,旨在保障用户舒适度,降低户内电费支出的同时,保障电网侧的稳定性。最后通过仿真,验证了算法的可行性与有效性。     

微电网技术应用分析

目前,微电网技术已成为智能化电网建设中最关键的技术之一.该技术在我国的发展受智能电网能源需求的影响深远,且与分布式发电技术密切相连.文章对微电网关键性技术及其应用进行了研究.     

不同模式下微电网的能源管理和调度优化

微电网在智慧电网中是非常重要的,确保微电网的最佳和稳定运行是非常必要的.本研究根据微电网并网和孤岛运行模式下的优先级和目标,分别实现了两种优化算法.为了在每种模式下实现最佳运行,该方案降低负载,确定光伏发电水平,并调节储能系统(ESS)的充放电水平.在仿真实验中证明了该调度方法的有效性.并且从实验结果可知,所提出的方案...     

Online Fuzzy Logic Base Algorithm for Electricity Price Prediction

This paper presents a web-based system to predict the electricity prices. The proposed system captures the geographical location, weather forecast, and oil price for one week ahead. The captured parameters are fed to a fuzzy-logic-based algorithm to calculate electric energy prices. Based on predicted electricity prices, consumers can turn ON/OFF or reschedule operations of their home appliances to reduce their electricity bill. The proposed algorithm was developed and hosted in a utility server (U-server). On the consumer side, a home gateway (H-gateway), and a monitoring and control system was designed, built, and tested by using a single chip microcontroller.     

A New Topology Pattern for AC-DC Mixed Microgrid

In order to realize the modular design of the microgrid, this paper proposed a new modular topology for the AC-DC mixed microgrid. In that topology, the AC microgrid unit and the DC microgrid unit were packaged together by the back-to-back converter. The battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system was connected to the DC bus of back-to-back converter. By the reasonable design on the battery-supercapacitor hybrid system, the energy storage system could supply the rapid power and energy support for the microgrid spontaneously. The mathematical model and the control algorithm of that microgrid topology were studied. By the simulation analysis, it can be concluded that AC-DC mixed modular microgrid topology could operate steadily on both the grid-connected mode and the isolated mode. Furthermore, we can conclude by the simulation that the designed modular microgrid could operate uninterrupted when the microgrid topology switched from the grid-connected mode to the isolated mode. The seamless switching became the natural property for the modular microgrid. As a result, the modular microgrid topology can be considered as a usual power/load module to realize the friendly power interaction with the power grid.     

Internet of Things Cloud Framework for Smart Homes

Smart appliances and renewable energy resources are becoming an integral part of smart homes. Nowadays, home appliances are communicating with each other with home gateways, using existing short-range home area network communication protocols such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, RFID, and WiFi. A Gateway allows homeowners and utilities to communicate remotely with the appliances via long-range communication networks such as GPRS, WiMax, LTE, and power liner carrier. This paper utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) concepts to monitor and control home appliances. Moreover, this paper proposes a framework that enables the integration and the coordination of Human-to-Appliance, Utility-to-Appliance, and Appliance-to-Appliance. Utilizing the concepts of Internet of Things leads to one standard communication protocols, TCP/IPV6, which overcomes the many diverse home area networks and neighborhood area networks protocols. This work proposes a cloud based framework that enables the IoTs integration and supports the coordination between devices, as well as with device-human interaction. A prototype is designed, implemented, and tested to validate the proposed solution.     

A grid-interfacing power quality compensator for three-phase three-wire microgrid applications

This paper proposes a grid-interfacing power quality compensator for three-phase three-wire microgrid applications with consideration of both the power quality of the microgrid and the quality of currents flowing between the microgrid and utility system. It is proposed that two inverters connected in shunt and series are used for each distributed generation (DG) system in the microgrid. In each inverter, both positive- and negative-sequence components are controlled to compensate for the effects caused by the unbalanced utility grid voltages. Specifically, the shunt inverter is controlled to ensure balanced voltages within the microgrid and to regulate power dispatches among parallel-connected DG systems, while the series inverter balances the line currents by injecting appropriate voltage components. A current-limiting algorithm is also proposed and integrated within the inverter control schemes to protect the microgrid from large fault currents during utility voltage sags. The proposed compensator has been tested in simulations and experimentally using a laboratory hardware prototype.     

An Overview to the Concept of Smart Coupling and Battery Management for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Battery System

The paper gives an overview on the need for smart coupling for battery management in grid integrated renewable energy system (RES). Grid integrated photovoltaic (PV) battery system, as being popular and extensively used has been discussed in the paper. Smart coupling refers to intelligent grid integration such that it can foresee local network conditions and issue battery power flow management strategy accordingly to shave the peak PV and peak load. Therefore, a need for predictive energy management arises for smart integration to the grid and supervision of the power flow in accordance to the grid conditions. This is also a running project at the Institute of Energy Systems (INES), Offenburg University of Applied Science, Germany since January, 2015. The paper should provide insights to the motivation, need and gives an outlook to the features of desired predictive energy management system (PEMS).     

用于智能电表数据分析的大数据平台

智能电网所产生的海量计量数据对数据存储和数据处理的系统架构提出了苛刻的性能要求,为此,文中提出了一种以内核、代理和客户端为主的模块化的大数据平台架构。所提议的大数据平台是基于Hadoop平台扩展,针对TB级别的静态智能电表数据集的存储和查询。实验结果表明,提议的大数据平台能够为电力行业提供一个具有竞争力且易于操作的大型能源数据管理和可视化知识平台,具有支持数据密集型决策的潜力。     

Channel discovery algorithms for interference avoidance in smart grid communication networks: a survey

Smart grid technology has attracted a lot of attention in the communication and power engineering communities because of its high efficiency and environmental friendly power production and delivery. Smart grid communication networks act as not only a bridge between the end power users and the utility but also a backbone of the entire smart grid system. It is a challenging task to deploy smart grid communication networks because of interference‐intensive environment. The goal of this paper is to explore various issues on deployment of smart grid communication networks. The first half of this paper provides a survey on smart grid communication networks. The background of smart grid communication networks is introduced, and the IEEE 802.15.4g standard for smart utility networks is reviewed. In addition, the issues on network topology and routing protocols of smart utility networks are addressed, followed by the discussions on optimizing gateway deployment. Various methods for addressing coexistence issues in smart grid communication networks are presented. The second half of this paper is to propose a channel discovery algorithm exploiting the inherent CSMA/CA mechanism in the protocols. Because of the use of CSMA/CA mechanism and up‐to‐date channel status table, the proposed algorithm can quickly find an available channel for transmission when interferences occur. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

IoT-Solar Energy Powered Smart Farm Irrigation System

As the Internet of things (IoT) technology is evolving, distributed solar energy resources can be operated, monitored, and controlled remotely. The design of an IoT based solar energy system for smart irrigation is essential for regions around the world, which face water scarcity and power shortage. Thus, such a system is designed in this paper. The proposed system utilizes a single board system-on-a-chip controller (the controller hereafter), which has built-in WiFi connectivity, and connections to a solar cell to provide the required operating power. The controller reads the field soil moisture, humidity, and temperature sensors, and outputs appropriate actuation command signals to operate irrigation pumps. The controller also monitors the underground water level, which is essential to prevent the pump motors from burning due to the level in the water well. The proposed system has three modes of operations, i.e. the local control mode, mobile monitoring-control mode, and fuzzy logic-based control mode. For the purpose of the proposed system validation, a prototype was designed, built, and tested.     

基于射频网络的智能家居电能控制系统

针对当前智能家居产品价格昂贵导致普及率不高的情况,设计了一种基于射频网络的智能家居电能控制系统。用户可以通过按键触发、短信通知及定时器设置3种方式对插座进行远程控制。当室内发生火灾或燃气泄漏等危险情况时,插座可自行断电,并同时向用户发送短信警报。将室内多个场景测试的误码率结果对比后,得出了遥控器最佳使用区域。实验结果表明,该系统工作稳定、性价比高。     

基于云计算的电网预测模型与自适应调度研究

光伏发电系统被视为面向偏远地区与小型孤立社区供电的优秀解决方案,但也存在电力供应不稳定的问题。针对光伏发电的能源管理问题,提出一种基于云计算的智能电网管理方案,在对电力供需两端做出预测的基础上,确定最优的电量调度策略。该方案使用小波递归神经网络模型(Wavelet Recurrent Neural Network,WRNN),使得可以高效且准确地同时对电力供需两端进行预测。此外,云计算体系使得可以在基于大量数据的电力供需预测任务上进行快速和分布式的计算能力支持。     

Design, analysis, and real-time testing of a controller for multibus microgrid system

This paper concentrates on the design and analysis of a controller for multibus microgrid system. The controller proposed for use with each distributed generation (DG) system in the microgrid contains inner voltage and current loops for regulating the three-phase grid-interfacing inverter, and external power control loops for controlling real and reactive power flow and for facilitating power sharing between the paralleled DG systems when a utility fault occurs and the microgrid islands. The controller also incorporates synchronization algorithms for ensuring smooth and safe reconnection of the micro and utility grids when the fault is cleared. With the implementation of the unified controller, the multibus microgrid system is able to switch between islanding and grid-connected modes without disrupting the critical loads connected to it. The performance of this unified controller has been verified in simulation using a real-time digital simulator and experimentally using a scaled laboratory prototype.     

Distributed Intelligent Energy Management System for a Single-Phase High-Frequency AC Microgrid

In this paper, a single-phase high-frequency AC (HFAC) microgrid is shown as a novel solution towards integrating renewable energy sources in a distributed generation system. Better utilization of the Microgrid is achieved by solving power flow and power quality issues using p-q theory-based active filtering called universal active power line conditioner and unified power quality conditioner, respectively. A distributed intelligent energy management system (DIEMS) is implemented to optimize operating costs. As the optimization greatly depends on the power generation and the power output from renewable sources strongly depends on the weather, the forecast of power generation is required for DIEMS. A Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network is used to predict hourly day-type outputs based on which generation can be forecasted. Depending on the forecast, an optimization scheme is developed utilizing linear programming along with heuristics. The results obtained show the successful implementation of HFAC Microgrid with adequate power flow and power quality control, as well as the optimization of operation cost by the DIEMS with Fuzzy ARTMAP-based day-type forecasting. The improvement in the battery life is also achieved due to optimization of storage charge states using the proposed DIEMS     

基于MCU的智能漏水检测系统设计

在智能家居系统中家居防漏水具有非常重要的意义,能检测漏水并及时报警,能有效阻止损失进一步恶化。提出一种基于MCU的智能防漏水系统方案,当检测到有漏水状况发生时,控制电磁阀自动关闭水管,并通过声光等方式报警,同时加强人工交互能力,优先处理人工指令。经测试及试用,本方案性能稳定,经济可行,能有效处理家居中漏水问题,同时还可应用于机房、仓库等需要严格防水的地方,具有十分广阔的前景。     

Smart Energy Bricks: Ti3C2@Polymer Electrochemical Energy Storage inside Bricks by 3D Printing

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has a pronounced impact on building construction and energy storage devices. Here, the concept of integrating 3D-printed electrochemical devices into insulation voids in construction bricks is demonstrated in order to create electrochemical energy storage as an integral part of home building. The low-cost 3D-printed supercapacitor (SC) electrodes are created using graphene/polylactic acid (PLA) filament in any desired shape such as 3D cylindrical- (3Dcy), disk- (3Ddc), and 3D rectangular- (3Drc) shaped electrodes. To obtain excellent capacitive performance, a Ti₃C₂@polypyrrole (PPy) hybrid is uniformly electroplated on the surface of 3D-printed electrodes. These Ti₃C₂@PPy-coated 3D-printed electrodes exhibit outstanding electrical conductivity, capacitive performance, cycle life, and power density. The bricks themselves act as an excellent scaffold for electrochemical energy devices as they are electrically insulating, fire-resistant, and contain substantial unused thermal insulation voids. A 3Drc Ti₃C₂@PPy SC is integrated into a real brick to showcase a smart house energy storage system that allows to reserve power in the bricks and use it as a power backup source in the event of a power outage in the elevator. This concept provides a platform for future truly smart buildings built from added value “smart brick” energy storage systems.     

A Multiple-Port Three-Level DC/DC Converter for HESS with Power Sharing in DC Microgrids

In order to reduce the volume, weight and cost of conventional hybrid energy storage system (HESS) while properly exploring the complementary features of different energy storage devices for DC microgrid applications, this paper proposes a multiple-port three-level DC/DC converter. It possesses multiple ports sharing one front-end three-level DC/DC converter with an inductor and supercapacitor bank. Different types of batteries and/or multiple battery banks can be interfaced through the multiple terminals. Such a converter structure facilitates the cooperation of different energy storage devices to satisfy various power demands of DC microgrids with intermittent renewable generation plants. Moreover, the proposed structure allows power sharing among different energy storage devices, which enables more efficient cooperation of different battery banks or different types of batteries. Experimental results are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed converter structure and its control.