基于纳米材料的适配体生物传感器检测真菌毒素研究进展

真菌毒素是真菌在饲料或食品中生长所产生的次级代谢产物,通过食物链可在人和动物体内不断蓄积,且较难通过代谢排除,给人体和畜牧业构成了较大威胁。因此,真菌毒素的监测成为了预防真菌毒素污染的重要途径之一。近年来,随着纳米材料科学的飞速发展和研究人员在真菌毒素检测方面的不断深入研究,基于纳米材料的适配体生物传感在真菌毒素检测领域得到了广泛应用。与传统检测方法相比,适配体与纳米材料联用检测技术更加快捷、方法更加简单、成本更加低廉。因此,本文归纳了近几年有关真菌毒素快速检测方面的文献,分析总结了以纳米材料为基础的适配体生物传感器用于真菌毒素的快速检测研究,以及有关食品安全现阶段面临的主要问题,期望对真菌毒素检测的相关研究发展起到一定的借鉴与启示。     

Recent progress in mycotoxins detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Mycotoxins are toxic compounds naturally produced by certain types of fungi. The contamination of mycotoxins can occur on numerous foodstuffs, including cereals, nuts, fruits, and spices, and pose a major threat to humans and animals by causing acute and chronic toxic effects. In this regard, reliable techniques for accurate and sensitive detection of mycotoxins in agricultural products and food samples are urgently needed. As an advanced analytical tool, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), presents several major advantages, such as ultrahigh sensitivity, rapid detection, fingerprint-type information, and miniaturized equipment. Benefiting from these merits, rapid growth has been observed under the topic of SERS-based mycotoxin detection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent achievements in this area. The progress of SERS-based label-free detection, aptasensor, and immunosensor, as well as SERS combined with other techniques, has been summarized, and in-depth discussion of the remaining challenges has been provided, in order to inspire future development of translating the techniques invented in scientific laboratories into easy-to-operate analytic platforms for rapid detection of mycotoxins.     

生物识别元件功能化微纳米磁性材料在真菌毒素检测中的应用

真菌毒素是真菌产生的一类强毒性次级代谢产物,可通过食品或食物链危害人类的健康。建立快速、准确、灵敏的检测方法是控制真菌毒素危害的有效手段之一。功能化微纳米磁性材料因具有超顺磁性、比表面积大等特性,近年来在建立样品前处理新方法及生物传感器分析等领域的应用日益增多。本文在概述真菌毒素传统检测方法及微纳米磁性材料特点的基础上,综述近期生物识别元件功能化微纳米磁性材料在样品前处理及利用生物传感器高灵敏快速检测真菌毒素中的应用,并对其发展进行展望。     

真菌毒素快速检测技术研究进展

真菌毒素污染是造成食品安全问题的重要因素之一,是目前和将来很长一段时间内全球食品安全领域研究的热点与焦点之一。真菌毒素是真菌在生长过程产生的次生代谢产物,其污染范围广泛,尤其易污染谷物类等粮食作物。由于其具有致畸、致癌、致突变等特性,易延伸至食物链,对人和动物健康带来严重危险。因此为了降低和控制其危害,首先需要严格检测监测真菌毒素的污染水平,开发高效、快捷的检测方法与配套产品。相对于色谱及其与质谱联用等具有检测结果准确,前处理复杂,检测成本高,不适于现场、高通量检测等常规实验室分析方法,快速检测具有现场、快速、低成本等优势,已成为实际真菌毒素监控中应用最广泛的方法。本文综述了国内外近三年内真菌毒素快速检测领域的最新研究进展,以期为我国食品安全中真菌毒素污染的有效监管提供技术参考。     

适配体传感器在玉米赤霉烯酮检测中的应用

玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)是由镰刀菌属产生的一种非甾体真菌毒素,广泛存在于霉变的玉米、高粱等谷类作物以及奶制品中。由于其具有类雌激素作用,对动物和人均具有潜在的危害。因此,开发灵敏快速的ZEN检测技术对于防控ZEN具有重要意义。近年来,适配体传感器(aptasensors)因其分子量小、亲和力强、易于合成和修饰及稳定性好等优点,已广泛应用于临床诊断、药物分析、环境监测、食品安全等领域。尤其在食品安全检测领域,适配体传感器可提供灵活多变的构建策略,且易于实现现场快速检测。因此本文结合国内外的研究进展,综述了近些年来基于适配体传感器的玉米赤霉烯酮检测方法,概括了各种检测方法的原理及其在实际样品检测中的应用,旨在为发展新的分析检测方法提供参考。     

Food authentication by PCR-based methods

Food authenticity is presently a subject of great concern to food authorities, as the incorrect labelling of foodstuffs can represent a commercial fraud. The implication of misleading labelling can be much more important concerning the presence of potentially allergenic foods. The need to support food labelling has provided the development of analytical techniques for the analysis of food ingredients. In the last years, several methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been proposed as useful means for identifying species of origin in foods, as well as food allergens and genetically modified organisms (GMO), due to their high specificity and sensitivity, as well as rapid processing time and low cost. This work intends to provide an updated and extensive overview on the PCR-based methods for food authentication, including also methods for allergens and GMO the detection in foods.     

表面等离子共振技术在真菌毒素检测中的应用研究进展

真菌毒素污染的食品严重影响人类的健康,对真菌毒素的监测与防控是构建食品安全保障体系的重要一环。表面等离子共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)生物传感器以快速、免标记、高通量、高灵敏等优点,已广泛应用在药物筛选、食品检测、环境监测、临床诊断等领域。本文就SPR生物传感器在食品中真菌毒素快速筛查方面的应用研究进行了综述。     

果蔬制品中链格孢霉毒素检测与控制研究进展

链格孢霉属(Alternaria species)是链格孢霉毒素这种次级代谢产物的已知生产者。链格孢霉毒素具有明显的毒理学潜力,食用被其污染的果蔬和粮食产品会对消费者的健康造成威胁。果蔬营养丰富、含水量高,更易于被链格孢霉毒素感染,因此建立高效、简单、快速的检测技术和实现该毒素的高效控制一直是当今果蔬领域研究的热点。本文总结和分析了链格孢霉毒素常见的检测技术和控制方法,以期为链格孢霉毒素的快速检测和果蔬类食品安全控制与风险评估等提供参考。     

Advanced synchrotron-based and globar-sourced molecular (micro) spectroscopy contributions to advances in food and feed research on molecular structure,mycotoxin determination,and molecular nutrition

ABSTRACT

Mycotoxin contamination has been a worldwide problem for food and feeds production for a long time. There is an obviously increased focus of the food and feed industry toward the reduction of mycotoxin concentration in both the raw materials and finished products. Therefore, both effective qualitative and quantitative techniques for the determination of mycotoxins are required to minimize their harmful effects. Conventional wet chemical methods usually are time-consuming, expensive, and rely on complex extraction and cleanup pretreatments. Synchrotron-based and globar-based molecular spectroscopy have shown great potential to be developed as rapid and nondestructive tools for the determination of molecular structure, molecular nutrition and mycotoxins in feed and food. This article reviews the common types of mycotoxins in feed and food, their toxicity, as well as the conventional detection methods. The principle of advanced molecular spectroscopy techniques and their application prospects for mycotoxin detection are discussed. Recent progress in food and feed research with molecular spectroscopy techniques is highlighted. This review provides a potential and insight into how to determine the structure and mycotoxins of feed and food on a molecular basis with advanced Synchrotron-based and globar-based molecular (micro) spectroscopy.     

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Mycotoxins

ABSTRACT: Mycotoxin toxicity occurs at very low concentrations, therefore sensitive and reliable methods for their detection are required. Consequently, sampling and analysis of mycotoxins is of critical importance because failure to achieve a suitable verified analysis can lead to unacceptable consignments being accepted or satisfactory shipments unnecessarily rejected. The general mycotoxin analyses carried out in laboratories are still based on physicochemical methods, which are continually improved. Further research in mycotoxin analysis has been established in such techniques as screening methods with TLC, GC, HPLC, and LC–MS. In some areas of mycotoxin method development, immunoaffinity columns and multifunctional columns are good choices as cleanup methods. They are appropriate to displace conventional liquid–liquid partitioning or column chromatography cleanup. On the other hand, the need for rapid yes/no decisions for exported or imported products has led to a number of new screening methods, mainly, rapid and easy‐to‐use test kits based on immuno‐analytical principles. In view of the fact that analytical methods for detecting mycotoxins have become more prevalent, sensitive, and specific, surveillance of foods for mycotoxin contamination has become more commonplace. Reliability of methods and well‐defined performance characteristics are essential for method validation. This article covers some of the latest activities and progress in qualitative and quantitative mycotoxin analysis.     

粮食中霉菌污染检测方法现状及发展趋势

粮食中霉菌污染,尤其是产毒霉菌的污染是造成粮食损失、引起人类食源性疾病的重要原因。要实现粮食安全从被动应付向主动保障转变,建立准确、快速、灵敏的检测方法显得尤为重要。本文分析了霉菌污染粮食的主要机制:菌体污染和毒素污染。霉菌菌体污染的检测方法包括干片培养法、荧光分析法、微生物活性测定法、近红外光谱检测法和高光谱成像检测法等。毒素污染的检测方法包括高效液相色谱法、色谱-质谱联用法、酶联免疫吸附法和免疫生物传感器法等。本文分别比较了霉菌菌体检测法和霉菌毒素检测法的优缺点,同时从霉菌污染的特点出发,预测和展望了粮食中霉菌污染检测方法的发展趋势及研究重点,希望对国内的粮食安全和粮食产业的发展有一定的参考价值。     

粮食真菌毒素污染的无损检测方法研究进展

粮食种植、加工和储运过程易受真菌毒素污染,严重威胁人畜健康。然而,目前传统的真菌毒素检测方法存在过程繁琐、时效性差或灵敏度低等缺点,难以满足现场快速准确检测的需要,日益成为制约粮食质量安全的瓶颈。现代无损检测技术作为一种新兴的检测技术,可以在不破坏样品的情况下对其进行质量评价,是粮食品质在线、实时检测的一个重要发展方向,在粮食真菌毒素污染的快速分析方面具有巨大的应用潜力。本文重点综述了近红外光谱、高光谱图像、电子鼻等典型无损检测技术在粮食真菌毒素污染检测分析中的最新研究进展,讨论了各种技术的优点及限制因素,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

二维纳米材料基电化学传感器在检测谷物及其制品中赭曲霉毒素A的应用进展

赭曲霉毒素A (ochratoxin A, OTA)是一种丝状真菌毒素,具有致畸、致癌、致突变等危害。它容易在谷物中存在,并通过食物链对人体造成危害。因此,开发快速、灵敏的OTA检测技术对于食品安全控制具有重要意义。电化学传感器具有灵敏度高、响应速度快和稳定性好等优点,因此在OTA的检测中得到广泛应用。此外,二维纳米材料具有较大的比表面积、良好的导电性和易于修饰等优点,可用于构建性能优异的电化学传感器。因此,本文综述了石墨烯(graphene, GR)、二硫化钼(molybdenum disulfide, MoS2)、黑磷(black phosphorus,BP)等二维纳米材料的特性、制备方法及其区别,重点阐述了二维纳米材料基电化学传感器在检测谷物及其制品中OTA的优势,以及复合材料中二维纳米材料的作用,为进一步拓展二维纳米材料基电化学传感器在谷物及其制品中OTA检测应用方面提供新思路。     

胶体金免疫层析技术在真菌毒素快速检测中的应用

胶体金免疫层析技术具有快速、简便、特异、敏感等特点, 弥补了真菌毒素传统检测方法的不足, 适用于真菌毒素快速现场筛选。本文主要介绍了胶体金免疫层析技术的原理及其在真菌毒素快速检测中的应用及发展前景。     

基于核壳型量子点的生物传感器在真菌毒素检测中的应用进展

真菌毒素是真菌产生的有毒次生代谢物,其广泛存在于被污染的食物中,其中黄曲霉毒素已被认定为天然存在的剧毒致癌物。鉴于真菌毒素污染给人类健康与安全带来的风险与危害,发展低成本、快速、高效的检测方法以确保食品安全,具有重要的现实意义。已有大量研究者构建了基于单一量子点或其他荧光材料为荧光探针的生物传感器用于检测真菌毒素,并且从材料、检测方法和生物传感器等角度进行了详细的检测。然而,目前并没有系统地阐述核壳量子点构建的生物传感器在真菌毒素中的应用报道,因此,本文主要从基于核壳量子点构建的免疫电化学发光传感器、适配体免疫电化学发光传感器、免疫荧光传感器、适配体荧光传感器和试纸条传感器在真菌毒素中的应用进展进行阐述,首次系统地阐述了核壳型量子点生物传感器在真菌毒素分析检测中的研究进展,以期为同类研究提供一定的理论依据。     

PCR detection of Alternaria spp. in processed foods, based on the internal transcribed spacer genetic marker

The genus Alternaria is considered one of the most important fungal contaminants of vegetables, fruits, and cereals, producing several mycotoxins that can withstand food processing methods. Conventional methods for Alternaria identification and enumeration are laborious and time-consuming, and they might not detect toxigenic molds inactivated by food processing. In this study, a PCR method has been developed for the rapid identification of Alternaria spp. DNA in foodstuffs, based on oligonucleotide primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS2 regions of the rRNA gene. The specificity of the Alternaria-specific primer pair designed (Dir1ITSAlt-Inv1ITSAlt) was verified by PCR analysis of DNA from various Alternaria spp., and also from several fungal, bacterial, yeast, animal, and plant species. The detection limit of the method was 10(2) CFU/ml in viable culture, heated culture, or experimentally inoculated tomato pulp. The applicability of the method for detection of Alternaria spp. DNA in foodstuffs was assessed by testing several commercial samples. Alternaria DNA was detected in 100% of spoiled tomato samples, 8% of tomato products, and 36.4% of cereal-based infant food samples analyzed.     

电化学方法在食品化学污染物快速检测中的 研究进展

近年来,食品化学污染物的有效控制与快速、灵敏检测受到了政府和民众的高度重视。电化学方法由于其仪器简单、分析速度快、检测灵敏度高等优点在食品化学性污染物检测方面越来越受到关注。本文介绍了电化学检测方法的主要类型及其基本原理,重点阐述了电化学分析方法在食品中重金属、农药、抗生素等化学残留物检测中的应用研究。最后,文章还对电化学方法在食品安全快速检测领域中的发展趋势进行了展望。     

食品与饲料基质中真菌毒素检测技术研究进展

真菌毒素是真菌在生长繁殖过程中产生的相对分子质量较小的次生有毒代谢产物,不易被加工或烹调加热所破坏,超过一定摄入量后会引起人的肝肾功能下降、癌变或诱发免疫抑制性疾病。目前尚无绝对有效的措施避免真菌毒素的污染,因此,研究可以准确高效地测定食品和饲料基质中的真菌毒素的检测技术非常重要。本研究通过对真菌毒素提取方法、净化方法及检测技术的研究进展进行综述,发现目前研究方法大多是针对某一种真菌毒素进行检测的常规检测方法或者同时检测多种真菌毒素的检测方法,由于这些方法存在稳定性差、定量不准确或前处理复杂等,因此未来应大力开发检测快速、高灵敏度、高特异性的真菌毒素检测方法。     

基于不同识别元件的表面等离子体共振技术在食品安全检测中的研究进展

表面等离子体共振（surface plasmon resonance,SPR）技术传感器具有灵敏度高、无需标记、简单、成本低、可实时监测等优点,已在生命科学、新药研发、食品安全、环境污染检测等方面得到了广泛应用。而识别元件是SPR传感器的重要组成部分,它决定检测的专一性及灵敏度,因此识别元件的研究与发展至关重要。本文分别综述了以抗体、适配体、分子印迹聚合物、蛋白质、肽、酶为识别元件的SPR传感器在食品安全检测中近10 年来的研究进展;重点分析了不同识别元件在SPR技术中的特点和优势;提出了今后SPR技术在食品安全检测中的技术难点及新应用前景。