循环流化床固硫灰复合胶凝材料的早期水化特点

研究了大掺量循环流化床固硫灰复合胶凝材料的物理力学性能,以及其早期水化放热特点和水化产物。研究结果表明:利用掺量为30%～60%固硫灰制备的复合胶凝材料满足32.5、42.5强度等级水泥标准;固硫灰复合胶凝材料的标准稠度比水泥的标准稠度大,且随着固硫灰用量的增加标准稠度增加,同时凝结时间变长;与P.O42.5水泥相比,循环流化床固硫灰复合胶凝材料水化的诱导期较长,水化放热速率明显变小,水化热较低。     

Use of zeolite, coal bottom ash and fly ash as replacement materials in cement production

In this research, the effects of zeolite, coal bottom ash and fly ash as Portland cement replacement materials on the properties of cement are investigated through three different combinations of tests. These materials are substituted for Portland cement in different proportions, and physical properties such as setting time, volume expansion, compressive strength and water consistency of the mortar are determined. Then, these physical properties are compared with those of PC 42.5. The results showed that replacement materials have some effects on the mechanical properties of the cement. The inclusion of zeolite up to the level of 15% resulted in an increase in compressive strength at early ages, but resulted in a decrease in compressive strength when used in combination with fly ash. Also, setting time was decreased when zeolite was substituted. The results obtained were compared with Turkish Standards (TS), and it was found that they are above the minimum requirements.     

Modeling the hydration of concrete incorporating fly ash or slag

Granulated slag from metal industries and fly ash from the combustion of coal are industrial by-products that have been widely used as mineral admixtures in normal and high strength concrete. Due to the reaction between calcium hydroxide and fly ash or slag, the hydration of concrete containing fly ash or slag is much more complex compared with that of Portland cement. In this paper, the production of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and its consumption in the reaction of mineral admixtures is considered in order to develop a numerical model that simulates the hydration of concrete containing fly ash or slag. The heat evolution rates of fly ash- or slag-blended concrete is determined by the contribution of both cement hydration and the reaction of the mineral admixtures. The proposed model is verified through experimental data on concrete with different water-to-cement ratios and mineral admixture substitution ratios.     

Utilization of fly ash with silica fume and properties of Portland cement-fly ash-silica fume concrete

This paper reports the normal consistency, setting time, workability and compressive strength results of Portland cement-fly ash-silica fume systems. The results show that water requirement for normal consistency was found to increase with increasing SF content while a decrease in initial setting time was found. Workability, measured in term of slump, was found to decrease with silica fume content (compared to blends without silica fume). However, it must be noted that despite the reduction in the slump values, the workability of Portland cement-fly ash-silica fume concrete in most cases remained higher than that of the Portland cement control concrete. Furthermore, the utilization of silica fume with fly ash was found to increase the compressive strength of concrete at early ages (pre 28 days) up to 145% with the highest strength obtained when silica fume was used at 10 wt%. Moreover, scanning electron micrographs show that utilization of fly ash with silica fume resulted in a much denser microstructure, thereby leading to an increase in compressive strength.     

粉煤灰掺量对氯氧镁水泥混凝土物理力学性能的影响

为了拓展氯氧镁水泥(MOC)材料的应用领域,以盐湖提钾肥副产物水氯镁石、轻烧氧化镁和粉煤灰为胶凝材料,制备了不同粉煤灰掺量的氯氧镁水泥混凝土(MOCC)。研究了粉煤灰掺量对MOCC抗压强度、物相组成、微观形貌和孔结构的影响。结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,MOCC的抗压强度逐渐降低,当粉煤灰掺量为40%(质量分数)时,其300 d抗压强度降低至39.99 MPa,降低了22.52%。MOCC的主要水化产物为5Mg(OH)₂·MgCl₂·8H₂O(5·1·8)和Mg(OH)₂,掺加粉煤灰并没有产生新的晶相。掺入粉煤灰增加了MOCC的孔隙率和有害孔体积,从而降低了其抗压强度。采用相同水灰比制备了普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土,抗压强度对比测试结果表明:掺40%的粉煤灰MOCC的抗压强度虽然比未掺粉煤灰MOCC抗压强度低,但仍比普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土300 d龄期的抗压强度(33.42 MPa)高出19.66%,说明MOCC比普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土具有较高的抗压强度。     

循环流化床高硫高钙固硫灰在水泥和混凝土中的应用研究(一)

对云南省的高硫高钙褐煤CFB固硫灰的化学组成、物理性状以及掺加该种固硫灰的水泥水化机理、微观矿相和物理性能进行了试验研究。确认了经碱激发后,该固硫灰活性系数高于一般的粉煤灰和火山灰质混合材;与其他材料进行复合,用作水泥活性混合材料及水泥缓凝剂,可以代替部分水泥熟料和石膏,降低水泥生产成本和粉磨能耗。还可用于制造微膨胀水泥和混凝土膨胀剂。但使用时,必须根据该固硫灰的化学成分严格控制其掺加量。     

脱硝粉煤灰铵含量对水泥胶砂性能影响研究

研究了脱硝粉煤灰的铵含量对水泥胶砂物理性能的影响规律,提出脱硝粉煤灰残留铵的安全含量阈值。结果表明:随着粉煤灰中铵含量的逐渐升高,水泥标准稠度用水量、需水量比和含气量呈现逐渐升高的趋势,而胶砂强度、活性指数和流动度逐渐降低,且凝结时间显著延长。粉煤灰铵含量对水泥安定性、水化热、假凝和干缩性能的影响并不明显。在一般工程情况下,建议脱硝粉煤灰的铵含量应不大于200 mg/kg。     

碳酸化对普通硅酸盐水泥水化性能的影响

通过控制加水量来调节普通硅酸盐水泥的碳酸化程度。通过对硬化浆体水化产物的种类及含量进行分析,研究了在不同的加水量下,碳酸化对普通硅酸盐水泥水化性能的影响。结果表明：在加水量为0.2%～7%的范围内,碳酸化增重率由0.133%增至6.8%;普通硅酸盐水泥经碳酸化后,生成CaCO3晶体颗粒;f-CaO的含量由1.584%下降至0.198%;随着碳酸化增重率的增大,碳酸化水泥的标准稠度用水量由0.28增至0.42;碳酸化降低了普通硅酸盐水泥3 d、28 d抗压强度,尤其对3 d抗压强度影响更为明显;碳酸化生成的CaCO3易与水泥中的C3A反应生成碳铝酸钙;碳酸化抑制普通硅酸盐水泥的早期水化,但对后期水化影响较小。     

Effects of supplementary cementing materials on the properties of cement and concrete

The effect of bentonite, colemanite ore waste (CW), coal fly ash (FA) and coal bottom ash (BA) on the properties of cement and concrete has been investigated through a number of tests. The properties examined include setting time, bending strength, volume expansion, compressive strength and water consistency of the mortar. The result showed that setting time of the cements was generally accelerated when bentonite replaced a part of the cement. Bentonite exhibited a significant retarding effect when used in combination with CW in Portland cement at lower replacement level and showed an accelerating effect at higher replacement level. Although the inclusion of bentonite at replacement levels of 5-10% resulted in an increase in compressive strength at early ages, it decreased the compressive strength when used in combination with other materials. The results obtained were compared with Turkish standards and, in general, were found to be acceptable.     

固硫灰做水泥混合材及缓凝剂的研究

研究固硫灰做水泥混合材及缓凝剂,其细度和掺量对水泥性能的影响.试验结果表明,10％～30％不同细度的固硫灰掺入硅酸盐水泥熟料中后,所制备的水泥安定性合格、凝结时间正常;强度随着细度的增加而增加,随着掺量的增加先增加后降低;磨细处理有利于降低水泥的总膨胀能.同时通过研究发现,固硫灰的掺量和细度对水泥早期水化产物的形成有较大的影响,掺磨细固硫灰水泥所形成的AFt是粗大的针棒状结构,而掺未磨细固硫灰水泥形成细小的AFt和大量的AFm.     

硫铝酸盐水泥与硅酸盐水泥复配性能研究

基于硫铝酸盐水泥、硅酸盐水泥各自的特点,研究了二者复配后的标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、水化热效应、胶砂强度、膨胀性、水化产物的物相及微观形貌。结果表明,复配水泥的标准稠度用水量因复配比例不同而变化,凝结时间相对于占主导地位的单组分水泥明显缩短;复配水泥的早期水化速率得到提高,1d、7d的水化放热量均低于占主导地位的单组分水泥;28d抗压、抗折强度低于任何单组分水泥;膨胀性的大小取决于两种水泥的复配比例;硫铝酸盐水泥与硅酸盐水泥的复配使二者的水化相互促进,随着硫铝酸盐水泥掺量的增加,Ca(OH)2相的衍射峰减弱,AFt相的衍射峰增强;纯硅酸盐水泥水化后的微观形貌是致密的,而与硫铝酸盐水泥复配后则出现微观裂纹。     

MSWI飞灰制CSA水泥的组成优化及性能研究

以垃圾焚烧（MSWI）飞灰为主要原料,在实验室成功烧制了硫铝酸钙（CSA）水泥熟料,继而着重研究了不同种类和不同掺量的石膏对CSA水泥的抗压强度、水化性能、标准稠度用水量和凝结时间的影响;研究了细度对CSA水泥性能的影响。结果表明：无水石膏和二水石膏均促进C4A3S^-水化,提高CSA水泥的早期强度;无水石膏的最佳掺量是5％,二水石膏可根据实际情况进行调整;掺加无水石膏的CSA水泥其标准稠度用水量较对照水泥C—II低,比对照水泥C—I有所增加;掺加5％无水石膏后水泥的凝结时间与对照水泥C-II接近,当掺量增至10％后出现急凝。本试验中,CSA水泥比表面积在288—580m^2／kg范围时均表现出良好的力学性能。     

公路粉煤灰水泥的研制（一）

文中研究了熟料掺量、复合激发剂、石膏掺量、水泥颗粒粒度对公路粉煤灰水泥的影响.获得了公路粉煤灰水泥的最佳配料方案和工艺参数.与粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥性能相比,公路粉煤灰水泥早期强度略低于粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥,凝结时间较长,但其7d～28d水化龄期内的强度增长率较高,28d强度已赶上或超过粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥,胶砂流动度好.     

煤矸石对硅酸盐水泥水化历程的影响

从强度、反应程度、孔溶液碱度和SEM等方面,研究了煤矸石作为水泥辅助胶凝材料的水化情况,并与Ⅱ级粉煤灰进行比较。试验结果表明:煤矸石发生火山灰反应时间比粉煤灰早,且发生火山灰反应所需的碱度值比粉煤灰低;掺煤矸石水泥水化样的早期抗压强度比粉煤灰水泥水化样低,但7d到28d强度增长速率明显大于相同掺量的粉煤灰水泥,相同28d抗压强度的条件下,煤矸石掺量比粉煤灰的掺量高10%。     

低水胶比下超细粉煤灰对不同细度硅酸盐水泥水化历程的影响

从强度、结合水、粉煤灰反应程度、SEM分析及孔隙溶液碱度等方面,研究了低水胶比下超细Ⅱ级粉煤灰对不同细度硅酸盐水泥水化历程的影响。研究结果表明,水泥细度从4500cm2/g提高到5500cm2/g,对纯水泥水化过程影响不大。但当该高细度水泥与超细II级粉煤灰复合时,则对水泥及粉煤灰的水化程度、水化产物特性、孔隙溶液碱度以及力学性能均影响较大;随粉煤灰掺量的增加,其影响程度呈由小变大再变小的趋势,粉煤灰掺量存在阈值,本试验中,阈值为30%。     

Packing effect and pozzolanic reaction of fly ash in mortar

This research is to study the effect of particle size of fly ash on packing effect and pozzolanic reaction of mortar when 20% of fly ash is used to replace Portland cement type I. Both effects can be determined by using fly ash and insoluble material which have almost the same particle size to replace Portland cement type I. Normally, the compressive strength of fly ash mortar is contributed from hydration reaction, packing effect, and pozzolanic reaction. For mortar mixed with insoluble material, the compressive strength is due to hydration reaction and packing effect. Thus, compressive strength due to pozzolanic reaction can be determined from the difference in compressive strength between fly ash mortar and insoluble material mortar. The results show that the strength activity index of fly ash mortar depends on the median particle size of fly ash and curing ages of mortar samples. At early ages, the strength activity index of fly ash mortar due to packing effect is higher than that due to pozzolanic reaction. At the ages of 3 to 90 days, the difference in strength activity index due to packing effect of fly ashes with median particle size of 2.7 and 160 μm is almost constant about 22% of the strength of standard mortar (STD). The differences in strength activity index due to pozzolanic reaction of fly ashes with median particle size of 2.7 and 160 μm are 3%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, at the ages of 3, 28, and 90 days.     

粉煤灰矿渣复合水泥强度协同效应的研究

研究了由粉煤灰、矿渣、钢渣与一定量熟料组成的粉煤灰矿渣复合水泥中各组分对水泥的强度协同效应以及影响协同效应的主要因素。并利用SEM和MIP等技术研究了粉煤灰矿渣复合水泥的水化硬化过程、水化产物相组成及硬化浆体结构,以此来论证各组分间协同效应的作用机理。研究结果表明:当各组分比例适当时,通过石膏和添加剂的有效作用,采取合理的粉磨工艺和制度,粉煤灰矿渣复合水泥各组分可以产生强度协同效应。     

Influence of natural pozzolan, colemanite ore waste, bottom ash, and fly ash on the properties of Portland cement

This study has examined the effect of natural pozzolan (NP), colemanite ore waste (CW), coal fly ash (FA), and coal bottom ash (BA) on the properties of cement and concrete. The parameters studied included compressive strength, bending strength, volume expansion, and setting time. A number of cements were prepared (in the presence of fixed quantity of 10% FA, 10% BA, and 4% CW) by the replacement of Portland cement (PC) with NP in range of 5-30%. The results showed that the final setting time of cement pastes were generally accelerated when the NP replaced part of the cement. However, NP exhibited a significant retarding effect when used in combination with CW. The results also showed that the inclusion of NP at replacement levels of 5% resulted in an increase in compressive strength of the specimens compared with that of the control concrete. The replacement of PC by 10-15% of NP in the presence of fixed quantity of CW improves the bending strength of the specimens compared with control specimens after 60 days of curing age.     

循环流化床燃煤固硫灰中SO3对水泥凝结时间的影响

以3个电厂固硫灰作混合材,研究了30%固硫灰以及30%固硫灰分别外掺二水石膏和硬石膏对水泥凝结时间的影响。结果表明,掺入30%固硫灰,如果水泥中SO3含量在1.5%以上,则水泥凝结时间满足标准要求;如果水泥中SO3含量低于1.5%,则凝结时间较短,需外掺一定量二水石膏或硬石膏。     

CFB灰渣抹灰砂浆的组成设计与性能研究

为了提高抹灰砂浆的强度和体积稳定性,研究了水泥用量和灰渣比(循环硫化床(CFB)飞灰和CFB炉渣的质量比)对CFB灰渣抹灰砂浆2 h稠度损失率、抗压强度和体积稳定性的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对砂浆的微观形貌、元素分布和物相组成进行测试表征。结果表明,当水泥用量为5%、8%、12%(质量分数)时,CFB灰渣抹灰砂浆分别达到抹灰砂浆M10、M15、M20的强度等级。当胶凝材料用量一定时,随着水泥用量增大,砂浆2 h稠度损失率减小;当水泥用量一定时,随着灰渣比增大,砂浆2 h稠度损失率增大,膨胀效应减弱。CFB灰渣抹灰砂浆中生成的膨胀性钙矾石有效填充了颗粒之间的孔隙,从而提高砂浆的强度和体积稳定性。