导入四碳二羧酸转移酶基因对费氏中华根瘤菌共生固氮效率的影响

将来自苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)的四碳二羧酸转移酶基因(dctABD)经pIJ2925克隆到广宿主、稳定性质粒pTR102上,获得诱导型表达的重组质粒pHN202.在此基础上再引入来自pDB30所含的发光酶基因(luxAB)作分子标记,以pTR102为基础构建成带有dctABD和luxAB的重组质粒pHN205.经三亲本接合转移,将重组质粒pHN205导入费氏中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium fredii)HNO1,GR3和YC4.与出发菌相比较的盆栽试验结果表明:HN01(pHN205)和GR3(pHN205)分别在宁镇一号和川早一号大豆上能显著提高植株地上部分干重(生物量)和总氮量, YC4(pHN205)在黑龙33大豆上能同时显著提高植株地上部分干重(生物量),总氮量和根瘤鲜重.本研究结果表明:导入dctABD基因对共生固氮效率的增效性与受体根瘤菌和大豆品种等因素有关.以luxAB为报告基因进行的转移接合子培养条件下分离单菌落和共生条件下形成根瘤的发光活性检测结果表明:pHN205可在供试费氏中华根瘤菌中稳定遗传.     

P34HB的4HB含量对PLLA/P34HB共混物结构和性能的影响

采用熔融共混方法制备了聚乳酸/聚(3-羟基丁酸-4-羟基丁酸酯)(PLLA/P34HB)共混物,其中P34HB的4HB摩尔含量分别为11%与17%。通过扫描电子显微镜、动态力学分析、差示扫描量热仪和力学性能测试,考察了共混物的相容性、熔融行为与力学性能。结果表明,当P34HB组分质量分数为25%以上时,共混物两相玻璃化转变温度(Tg)相互靠近,为部分相容体系,且4HB含量越少,PLLA/P34HB共混物的相容性越好。共混物中PLLA的结晶性能随P34HB含量的增加而降低,且4HB含量越大,由于较差的相容性导致P34HB对PLLA的链段运动能力影响减小,共混物中PLLA结晶性能越好。随P34HB含量的增加,共混物的强度降低,断裂伸长率升高,且4HB含量越大,共混物力学性能由于两相相容性较差而低于4HB含量较低的共混体系。     

Effect of extrusion drawing and twist-orientation on mechanical properties of self-reinforced poly(lactic acid) screws

In order to improve torsional strength of a bioabsorbable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) screw, twist-orientation method was developed in this study. PLA screws were prepared through a series of routes including compression molding, extrusion method, twist-orientation, and forging. Shear and torsional strength were measured as mechanical properties of screw. As a result, twist-orientation improves torsional strength of PLA screw without the decrease in shear strength. The maximum torsional strength was obtained at helix angle of 45° and extrusion ratio of 8. This is because fibrous crystals were oriented close to the direction of principal tensile stress which occurred during torsion test. Since this principal stress occurs in the 45° direction on the surface of specimen, the maximum torsional strength is achieved by twist-orientation at this helix angle.     

应力与氢对40Cr钢断裂特征的影响

本文利用悬臂梁试验机,测定了40Cr 钢的断裂韧性 K_(1c)和在3.5%NaCl溶液中,充氢达饱和条件下的氢脆临界应力场强度因子 K_(IH),以及在不同的应力场强度因子 K_(Ii)下的裂纹扩展速率 da/dt,并结合 SEM 对断裂形态进行了分析。