单壁碳纳米管中氢等离子体的微波损耗机理研究

运用双流体理论,在同时考虑了单壁碳纳米管中氢等离子体的电子碰撞吸收和氢离子碰撞吸收的基础上,理论推导出了铁催化高压歧化生成的单壁碳纳米管中氢等离子体的微波衰减系数公式,计算了0．2GHz-18GHz频段的微波衰减系数。数值结果表明,铁催化高压歧化生成的单壁碳纳米管中氢等离子体对2．45GHz的微波产生强烈损耗。理论值与实验数据相吻合。     

碳纳米管微波损耗机理的探讨

研究表明,铁磁性纳米粒子能增强和改善碳纳米管的微波吸收性能,碳纳米管和聚合物的复合物可能成为性能优异的微波屏蔽与吸收材料.探讨了碳纳米管材料的微波损耗机理.     

纳米磁性液体薄膜磁光特性研究

制备出了纳米磁性液体薄膜，研究了纳米磁性液体薄膜在不同外加磁场（垂直和平行）下，其透射光学特性随着磁场变化的规律，对纳米磁性液体薄膜磁光现象产生的原因进行了解释。研究发现：（1）薄膜外加垂直磁场时，光透射强度随着磁场强度的增加而减小；（2）薄膜外加平行磁场时，垂直偏振光和平行偏振光的透射强度随着磁场强度的增加而变化规律不同；（3）存在一个临界磁场，其值约为4776A/m，当外加磁场（垂直和平行）强度＞4776A/m后，薄膜透射光强的变化规律有明显不同，这种现象是由于外加磁场使纳米磁性液体微粒产生聚集，磁场〉4776A/m后，形成有规则的排列结构所造成；（4）纳米磁性液体外加垂直磁场下透射强度的响应时间随磁场强度的变化情况。     

含碳纳米管微波吸收材料的制备及其微波吸收性能研究

用竖式炉流动法,以二茂铁为催化剂,噻吩为助催化剂,苯为碳源通过催化裂解反应制备了碳纳米管,碳纳米管的外径为20-50nm,内径10-30nm,长度50-1000μm.分别以碳纳米管、羰基铁粉、碳纳米管与羰基铁粉的混合物为吸收剂制备了微波吸收材料,研究了上述三种微波吸收材料在2-18GHz的吸波性能,与纯碳纳米管和纯羰基铁粉微波吸收材料相比, 碳纳米管与羰基铁粉复合微波吸收材料在2-18GHz的吸收峰明显向低频移动.在含碳纳米管的微波吸收材料中,碳纳米管作为偶极子在交变电场的作用下,产生极化电流,电磁波的能量转换为其他形式的能量,瑞利散射效应和界面极化也是含碳纳米管微波吸收材料的主要吸波机理.     

基于稳恒磁场环境下Sm-Fe-B GMF成膜及其性能测试与模拟

在施加不同磁场强度及方向的稳恒磁场环境中,采用离子束溅射沉积法,在玻璃衬底上制备SmFe-B超磁致伸缩薄膜(GMF)。使用LS-7010M-KC激光微位移传感器与交变梯度磁强计(AGM)分别测试薄膜悬臂梁磁偏转量与磁滞回线,以研究制备时施加稳恒磁场对薄膜磁致伸缩性能及软磁性能的影响。利用微磁学软件OOMMF,模拟研究了在外加相同实验磁场强度下,施加不同稳恒磁场强度对Sm-Fe-B薄膜磁矩分布的影响。实验研究结果表明,施加稳恒磁场下制备的薄膜样品,其饱和磁致伸缩性能明显优于无磁场环境所制备的样品;在实验条件下,薄膜样品的磁致伸缩性能随着施加稳恒磁场强度的增大而提高。模拟与实验研究结果均表明,Sm-Fe-B GMF的易磁化轴与沉积过程中所施加的稳恒磁场方向一致。在特定的悬臂梁结构应用中,薄膜沉积过程中通过改变施加不同稳恒磁场方向与其强度大小,可获得达到所需易磁化轴方向且具有较大磁偏转量的薄膜元件。     

微波等离子体技术在高技术新材料领域的应用

微波等离子体的研究已有三十多年的历史,近十年来的研究已使微波等离子体技术扎根于高技术新材料领域中。讨论了陶瓷微波等离子烧结技术、MPCVD制备金刚石薄膜和光导纤维、微波ECR制备纳米固体薄膜和微波刻蚀技术等。     

多晶Si薄膜的低温生长及其表面反应的控制

本文报道用反应气体SiF4和H2的微波等离子体化学气相沉积法低温(360℃)生长多晶Si(poly-Si)薄膜及其生长表面反应控制.实验发现,生长压力对晶粒的结晶取向有很大影响.改变SiF4与H2的流量比以选择等离子体中的活性集团,并结合外加偏压抑制带电粒子对薄膜生长表面的轰击是控制生长表面反应、制备高质量poly-Si薄膜的有效方法.用这种方法制备了H含量低达～1.0at.%、拉曼特征峰半高宽仅为～4.4 cm-1的poly-Si薄膜.     

纳米硅薄膜制备技术进展

本文综述了纳米硅薄膜制备新技术的进展。着重介绍了高氢稀释硅烷蚀刻法，微波氢基团增强化学气相沉积，逐层法和高频数值等离子体化学气相沉积技术制备纳米硅薄膜的沉积过程和生长机制．本文指出氢基团为各项新技术发展的关键并将在今后纳米硅薄膜制备技术发展中起重要作用。     

微波等离子体刻蚀处理对金刚石薄膜涂层刀具附着力和切削性能的影响

用HFCVD法在硬质合金（YG6）刀具衬底上沉积金刚石薄膜,用氢微波等离子体刻蚀的方法对衬底进行表面预处理,研究了该预处理技术对WC硬质合金衬底表面成分的影响,进一步探讨了所沉积金刚石薄膜的表面形貌和附着力,并通过难加工材料实际切削试验。研究了所制备的金刚石薄膜涂层刀具的切削性能。试验结果表明,Ar-H2微波等离子体刻蚀脱碳处理是提高金刚石薄膜附着力和改善涂层刀具切削性能的有效预处理方法。     

CoFeB-SiO2磁性不连续多层颗粒膜微波电磁特性

采用直流/射频磁控溅射方法和不连续多层交替溅射工艺,制备了CoFeB-SiO2系列纳米不连续多层磁性颗粒膜,并对制备的薄膜样品进行了不同温度下的退火处理.实验结果表明,通过调整SiO2绝缘介质相含量及磁场退火温度可有效地调控薄膜微结构和微波电磁特性.制备的薄膜样品在GHz微波频段同时具有高磁导率和高磁损耗,1.5GHz处薄膜复相对磁导率实部和虚部均大于260,同时电阻率高达1.38mΩ·cm.该薄膜样品可应用于微波吸收材料和抗电磁干扰的设计中.     

碳纳米管/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料吸波性能的研究

考察了碳纳米管的介电常数,磁导率以及碳纳米管/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料的电磁吸波性能.研究结果表明,碳纳米管介电常数值远大于磁导率值,且电损耗远大于磁损耗,说明碳纳米管是一种电损耗型吸波介质.通过弓形法测定了碳纳米管/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料在2～18GHz范围内的电磁波吸收性能,结果表明,复合材料在5～18GHz范围内具有较好的微波吸收性能.     

TiO_2包覆对不同粒径羰基铁粉吸波性能的影响

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法,分别在粒径为6μm和1μm的羰基铁粉表面成功包覆了一层二氧化钛薄膜;利用矢量网络分析仪测量了羰基铁粉和石蜡所制成的复合材料的电磁参数,对比分析了二氧化钛包覆前后羰基铁粉复合材料在微波频段的复介电常数、复磁导率和微波吸收性能的变化。实验结果表明:二氧化钛包覆层能有效地增大粒径为1μm的羰基铁粉的复磁导率和复介电常数,改善小粒径羰基铁粉的微波吸收性能。通过分析认为二氧化钛包覆层能有效地阻隔颗粒间涡流的形成,由此能很好地解释二氧化钛包覆层对1μm羰基铁粉微波吸收性能的增强效果。     

Co含量对轻质微波吸收剂C/Co纳米纤维吸波性能的影响

采用静电纺丝法结合热处理制备了一种可应用于2~18 GHz频段的高性能轻质微波吸收剂C/Co纳米纤维, 详细研究了金属Co含量对纳米纤维的电磁特性及微波吸收性能的影响。相对于纯碳纳米纤维, C/Co纳米纤维的微波吸收性能得到显著加强, 其主要吸波机制仍是介电损耗。随着Co含量的增加, C/Co纳米纤维的电磁衰减能力逐渐下降, 而微波吸收却先增强后减弱, 含37.8wt% Co的C/Co-5纳米纤维因金属Co粒子和纳米碳纤维的良好结合与协同效应, 以及纤维中特殊的Co粒子@石墨核壳结构所带来的良好阻抗匹配与足够高的电磁衰减能力而表现出最好的吸波性能。模拟计算结果表明, 涂层厚度在1.1~5.0 mm间变化时, 填充5wt% C/Co-5纳米纤维的硅胶吸波涂层的反射损耗(RL)值超过-20 dB的频率范围在3.2~18 GHz, 最小RL值达到-78.8 dB, 其中当涂层厚度仅为1.5 mm时, RL值低于-20 dB的吸收带宽可达6.0 GHz (12~18 GHz)。C/Co纳米纤维优异的微波吸收性能表明, 这些磁性碳杂化纳米纤维有望成为一种极具应用前景的新型吸波材料。     

Hierarchical and Porous Structures of Carbon Nanotubes-Anchored MOF Derivatives Bridged by Carbon Nanocoils as Lightweight and Broadband Microwave Absorbers

High-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials have attracted more and more attention because they can effectively prevent microwave radiation and interference from electronic devices. Herein, a new type of MA composite is constructed by introducing carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-anchored metal–organic framework derivatives (MOFDs) into a conductive carbon nanocoil (CNC) network, denoted as CNC/CNT-MOFD. The CNC/MOFD shows a wide effective absorption band of 6.7 GHz under a filling ratio of only 9% in wax-matrix. This is attributed to the hierarchical and porous structures of MOFD bridged by the uniformly dispersed conductive CNC network and the cross-polarization induced by the 3D spiral CNCs. Besides, the as-grown 1D CNTs improve space utilization, porosity, and polarization loss of the composites, resulting in the increase of imaginary permittivity, which further realizes impedance matching and energy attenuation. The Ni nanoparticles in layers of MOFD and at the tips of CNTs generate magnetic loss, promoting the low-frequency absorption ability. Resultantly, RCS values of the optimized composite in all tested theta (θ) ranges are less than −25 dB m² at 9.5 GHz, effectively reducing the probability of the target detected by the radar.     

On the mechanism of the external magnetic field action on the electron temperature and ion charge state distribution in a vacuum arc plasma

When an external axial magnetic field is applied to a vacuum arc, the radial expansion of plasma from cathode spots transforms into a plasma flow along the magnetic field, provided that the electron-ion collision frequency is smaller than the Larmor frequency. As the magnetic field strength increases, the diameter of the resulting cylindrical channel decreases. This leads to an increase in the electron temperature and the ion charge due to enhanced Joule heating of the plasma. Unlike the intrinsic azimuthal magnetic field, the external axial field only restricts expansion of the plasma, rather than compressing the plasma jet.     

Microwave absorption in YBa2Cu3O x granular thin films at the dc magnetic fields

Localization of microwave absorption in YBa₂Cu₃O _x superconducting thin films in the presence of very low dc magnetic field was studied. The granular YBa₂Cu₃O _x thin films of submicrometer thickness had random orientation of grains, were inserted into a microwave cavity for maximum rf magnetic field. The microwave absorption in low dc magnetic field at temperatures just below the critical temperature shows properties which may be ascribed to superconducting grains. At lower temperatures the hysteretic effects and flux-trapping occur in the intergrain regions of the film.     

Effect of near-substrate plasma density in the reactive magnetron sputter deposition of hydrogenated amorphous germanium

The properties of hydrogenated amorphous germanium (a-Ge:H) are studied as a function of near-substrate plasma density and hydrogen partial pressure at fixed temperature. Near substrate plasma density is varied by using an unbalanced magnetron and an external magnetic field, and characterized using a guard ring flat probe and a cylindrical Langmuir probe. Films are characterized by infrared absorption, optical transmission, dark conductivity, activation energy, and photoconductivity. A major effect of increasing the near-substrate plasma density is to increase the dihydride component content of the films. The photoconductivity of these films is lower than those whose hydrogen content is increased by increasing the hydrogen partial pressure during deposition, implying a degradation in film properties with increasing near-substrate plasma density. These results show that chemical effects, as well as ion bombardment effects, need to be considered in the plasma-based deposition of a-Ge:H.     

Measuring the impedance of magnetic microwires in a rectangular waveguide

A method of determining the impedance of magnetic microwires in the microwave frequency range is proposed that is based on the measurement of a complex coefficient of microwave reflection from a sample placed into a shorted rectangular waveguide. The proposed method has been applied to the investigation of the effect of an external constant magnetic field on the impedance of a cobalt-rich microwire.     

石墨烯基吸波材料的研究进展

诸如铁氧体、磁性金属粒子及其合金等传统吸波材料,密度大、环境稳定性差、对电磁波的吸收弱以及吸收频带窄的缺陷限制了其在吸波领域的应用,而石墨烯因其较高的机械强度、较小的密度以及优异的介电性能受到了吸波材料领域众多学者的关注;但由于石墨烯的阻抗匹配性能较差,损耗机制比较单一,导致其吸波性能较差,因此,研究人员通常将石墨烯与其他介电损耗型或者磁损耗型材料复合来增强其吸波性能,此外对吸波剂的结构进行合理的设计也是增强其吸波性能的有效途径。结合国内外的发展状况,对石墨烯基吸波材料的制备以及性能研究做了综述性介绍,并展望了未来石墨烯基吸波材料的发展方向。     

板膜耦合微穿孔板消声器的性能试验分析

为了使微穿孔板消声器具有低频宽频带吸声性能，文章提出一种将刚性微穿孔板与柔性微穿孔薄膜复合而成的微穿孔平面，并利用平均速度法预测了其吸声效果。文章分析了薄膜面积占比、薄膜厚度、背腔深度对吸声效果的影响。由分析结果可知：板膜耦合微穿孔板消声器与刚性微穿孔板消声器相比，吸声频带宽度从260 Hz拓宽到了650 Hz，与柔性微穿孔板消声器相比，在一定频率范围内吸声系数从0.55提高到0.75，通过适当改变薄膜厚度、背腔高度以及薄膜面积占比能控制微穿孔板吸收峰和薄膜共振吸收峰的相对位置，消声器可获得较好的吸声效果。研究成果可进一步拓宽微穿孔板消声器在低频降噪领域的应用范围。