可重构知识管理系统的客户化定制研究

介绍了知识管理对其工具可重构性的要求,展示了一个基于本体的知识管理系统框架。对本体概念进行了介绍,将本体引用到知识管理工具之中,构建一个可重构知识管理系统,并对知识本体建模进行了论述。讨论了可重构知识管理系统对客户化定制的需求,其中包括知识结构的定制即企业本体建模和知识处理（录入、检索、显示等）界面的客户化定制。阐述了可重构知识管理系统中知识处理模板的应用模型;简要介绍了可扩展标记语言（XML）技术;最后结合本体定义,给出了基于XML实现的几种知识处理模板定制原理。     

Development of a mechanism for ontology-based product lifecycle knowledge integration

Compared with relying on the efforts of various enterprises collaborating on product lifecycle activities, such as coordination, communication and control, the ability to effectively share product information and knowledge is more important. Therefore, how to best integrate such heterogeneous product knowledge distributed among various cooperating enterprises has become an extremely important knowledge management subjects associated with collaborative product lifecycle.This study develops a novel mechanism for integrating ontology-based product lifecycle knowledge to effectively integrate the heterogeneous product knowledge distributed among different enterprises during a product’s lifecycle, thereby facilitating sharing of this product knowledge. This study: (i) designed an integration and sharing process for collaborative product lifecycle knowledge, (ii) developed techniques associated with integration of ontology-based product lifecycle knowledge, and (iii) implemented an integration and sharing mechanism for ontology-based product lifecycle knowledge. In developing techniques associated with integration of ontology-based product lifecycle knowledge, which involves establishing a product lifecycle ontology, designing local ontology schema, designing an integration algorithm for ontology-based product lifecycle knowledge, and designing a searching method for ontology-based product lifecycle knowledge.     

Knowledge integration and sharing for collaborative molding product design and process development

This study presents a systematic approach to developing a knowledge integration and sharing mechanism for collaborative molding product design and process development. The proposed approach includes the steps of (i) collaborative molding product design and process development process modeling, (ii) an ontology-based knowledge model establishment, (iii) knowledge integration and sharing system framework design, (iv) ontology-based knowledge integration and sharing methods development, and (v) ontology-based knowledge integration and sharing mechanism implementation. The mechanism can support collaborative molding product design and process development by providing functions of knowledge integration and sharing. Results of this study facilitate the knowledge integration and sharing of collaborative molding product design and process development to satisfy the product knowledge demands of participants, and thus increase molding product development capability, reduce molding product development cycle time and cost, and ultimately increase molding product marketability.     

基于本体的知识管理在环境质量监测中的应用

在深入研究Ontology基本原理的基础上,提出一种基于Ontology进行环境知识管理与质量监测的方法,构建基于Ontology的环境知识管理与质量监测的基本架构,研究其关键实现技术,最终设计实现基于Ontology的环境知识管理与质量监测平台.实践表明,该方法能够有效管理异构、分散存储的海量环境监测数据,为管理者提供科学的决策指导,大大提高环境质量监测的效率.     

基于本体的知识管理研究热点分析

通过分析2003-2009年149篇关于基于本体知识管理研究的国内学术文献,该文对目前基于本体的知识管理研究角度和趋势进行了归纳总结,总结出目前基于本体的知识管理理论的研究热点和不足,对将来的基于本体的知识管理理论研究有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于本体的知识库模型研究

本体作为一种能在语义和知识层次上描述信息系统的概念模型建模工具,近年来在计算机的许多领域得到了广泛的应用。其中,基于本体的知识构建是一个复杂的系统工程。就目前的研究状况来说,主要是解决如何构建知识模型的问题。本文运用本体知识模型相关的理论,在分析了本体论、知识库和知识库系统概念的基础上探讨了本体论在知识库系统中的应用和方法,提出了一种基于本体的知识模型,并阐述了基于本体的知识库构建方法。     

基于本体的模具企业知识集成系统研究*

针对模具企业的特点及其知识共享与重用的需求,提出了基于本体的知识集成系统,研究了基于本体的知识表达、规则推理和异构环境知识获取与重用等关键技术,实现了系统原型。该系统运用本体理论和方法对企业知识进行统一的描述与储存,采用面向服务架构实现了与知识源系统松散耦合的连接,并为企业用户和应用程序提供知识重用服务。该系统的研究与应用为模具全生命周期的知识管理提供了新的思路。     

Ontology-based empirical knowledge verification for professional virtual community

A professional virtual community provides an interactive platform for enterprise experts to create and share their empirical knowledge cooperatively, and the platform contains a tremendous amount of hidden empirical knowledge that knowledge experts have preserved in the discussion process. Therefore, enterprise knowledge management highly prioritises how to verify the empirical knowledge effectively before archiving it into enterprise knowledge repository for reuse. This work develops a novel scheme of ontology-based empirical knowledge verification for professional virtual community to assist domain experts in a professional virtual community to verify the logics of empirical knowledge, thus ensuring the quality of empirical knowledge and providing accurate knowledge decision support for knowledge workers. In particular, this work has the following objectives: propose an empirical knowledge verification model for a professional virtual community, design an ontology-based empirical knowledge verification process, develop techniques related to the ontology-based empirical knowledge verification and implement an ontology-based empirical knowledge verification mechanism with an illustrative example of securities trading. Results of this study facilitate efforts within the professional virtual community to verify empirical knowledge in order to provide knowledge workers with logic-correct empirical knowledge for decision support.     

Investigating Knowledge Management practices in software development organisations – An Australian experience

This study, using both quantitative and qualitative methods, investigates current practice of Knowledge Management (KM) in Software Engineering (SE) processes in two Australian companies on the basis that they both claimed to apply KM practices in their software development work. It also describes the KM activities and KM process used in SE practice, and examines the enablers of KM process for SE in terms of leadership, technology, culture, process and measurement.One of the main findings showed that software developers believe in the usefulness of knowledge sharing; however, their ability to utilise some of the KM systems was limited. The most commonly used systems included personal networks, informal networks, groupware and third-party knowledge. There is a need to formalise knowledge sharing of practices, while also supporting informal and ad-hoc knowledge sharing. While KM was considered to be important, the tools, techniques and methodologies currently employed for software development were inadequate to address effective management of knowledge in these organisations. In both organisations, a uniform model of the KM process did not exist. Among the four KM enablers, leadership was considered to be the most significant as top-down KM strategies were seemingly being pursued by management. Technology was also considered to be an obvious mechanism for KM, despite some of their current KM systems either being unsuitable or inaccessible. In addition, the crucial role that personal networks played in accessing tacit and implicit knowledge was seen as a key reason to foster a culture that encourages participants to share their knowledge with others.     

Mapping knowledge sharing traits to business strategy in knowledge based organisation

Globalization has resulted in increasing use of knowledge as competitive weapon in many organizations nowadays. In this context, an increasing number of organizations are focusing on communities of practice (CoPs) orientated knowledge management (KM) studies and the links between KM and organizational business strategy. This link is an important determinant of organizational performance. While KM business strategy (linked to organization business strategy) is important, knowledge sharing behavior of knowledge workers is a critical enabler of effective knowledge management and organizational performance. That is, organizations invest resources in creating CoPs for competitive advantage and lack of suitable candidates will result in loss of momentum and less knowledge sharing in CoPs and there by underutilizing the resources. The aim of this research is to identify the personality traits to portrait the features of knowledge workers suitable for CoPs oriented KM and business strategy. Four KM business strategies have been established in this paper in light of organization performance orientation and KM implementation mode and traits of knowledge workers are mapped to different business strategies. The most significant personality traits of knowledge sharing behavior have been analyzed to determine the suitable traits for different type business strategies. Thus contributions of this paper include (a) defining a model which links four business strategies with CoPs orientated KM model and knowledge sharing behavior model (based on revised Five Factor Model); (b) mapping of personality traits of knowledge workers with four business strategies; (c) providing a guideline to knowledge based organizations for seamless integration of business strategy with CoPs oriented KM and compatible knowledge workers and d) more effective utilization of organizational resources to facilitate improvement in organizational performance.     

基于本体的知识管理研究热点分析

通过分析2003—2009年149篇关于基于本体知识管理研究的国内学术文献,该文对目前基于本体的知识管理研究角度和趋势进行了归纳总结,总结出目前基于本体的知识管理理论的研究热点和不足,对将来的基于本体的知识管理理论研究有一定的借鉴意义。     

Knowledge-based recommendation: a review of ontology-based recommender systems for e-learning

Recommender systems in e-learning domain play an important role in assisting the learners to find useful and relevant learning materials that meet their learning needs. Personalized intelligent agents and recommender systems have been widely accepted as solutions towards overcoming information retrieval challenges by learners arising from information overload. Use of ontology for knowledge representation in knowledge-based recommender systems for e-learning has become an interesting research area. In knowledge-based recommendation for e-learning resources, ontology is used to represent knowledge about the learner and learning resources. Although a number of review studies have been carried out in the area of recommender systems, there are still gaps and deficiencies in the comprehensive literature review and survey in the specific area of ontology-based recommendation for e-learning. In this paper, we present a review of literature on ontology-based recommenders for e-learning. First, we analyze and classify the journal papers that were published from 2005 to 2014 in the field of ontology-based recommendation for e-learning. Secondly, we categorize the different recommendation techniques used by ontology-based e-learning recommenders. Thirdly, we categorize the knowledge representation technique, ontology type and ontology representation language used by ontology-based recommender systems, as well as types of learning resources recommended by e-learning recommenders. Lastly, we discuss the future trends of this recommendation approach in the context of e-learning. This study shows that use of ontology for knowledge representation in e-learning recommender systems can improve the quality of recommendations. It was also evident that hybridization of knowledge-based recommendation with other recommendation techniques can enhance the effectiveness of e-learning recommenders.     

Knowledge management for occupational safety,health, and ergonomics

The critical challenge for occupational safety, health, and ergonomics (OSHE) in contemporary industry is management of the existing individual (personal) knowledge, structural knowledge (i.e., knowledge codified into manuals, reports, databases, and data warehouses), and organizational knowledge (activity of learning within the organization) in the vast domain of practical applications. Therefore, the principles and tools of knowledge management (KM) should be used to facilitate the management of OSHE. The authors discuss the requirements for effective knowledge management, review the existing models of KM and their structures, and introduce a model for KM in OSHE. The proposed model of KM for OSHE is based on a strategy that establishes knowledge as the central resource to achieve the goals of OSHE management. The model includes the systems of organizational knowledge, organizational learning (knowledge creation, distribution, elaboration, and consolidation), development of knowledge workers, KM processes (review, conceptualization, reflection, and acting), and relevant information‐technologies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 16: 309–319, 2006.     

中小型软件企业知识管理的研究

越来越多的我国中小型软件企业认识到员工的知识是企业最有价值的资产，而且在企业中实施知识管理是十分必要的。首先概括了这些企业在知识管理方面的现状，提出了一个适用于中小型软件企业的知识管理体系，说明了知识管理与CMM／CMMI的关系，并给出了知识管理与软件过程管理的结合模型，介绍了一个软件企业知识管理系统的模型框架，分享了实施知识管理的一些经验。     

Organizational and knowledge management related antecedents of knowledge use: the moderating effect of ambiguity tolerance

To leverage their knowledge resources, many organizations deploy knowledge management systems (KMS), which contain at their core a knowledge repository. Successful use of the knowledge/repository depends largely on knowledge workers who must contribute to the knowledge base as well as use those knowledge objects. We develop and validate an empirical model that explains mechanisms required to reduce knowledge gaps in a firm or business unit, through knowledge contribution and use or reuse. Using the theory of planned behavior and its derivative the technology acceptance model, we find that a feature rich user friendly KMS combined with extrinsic rewards (or incentives) and knowledge self-efficacy are critical to KM success. Tolerance of ambiguity (a personal trait) is a key influence in the causal relationship between incentives and knowledge gaps as well as knowledge self-efficacy and knowledge gaps. The main findings of this study are (1) for ambiguity intolerant individuals, incentives and self-efficacy are as important as the KMS as motivators for knowledge sharing and use, (2) for this group, it is necessary to stress the importance of KM as a means of social persuasion in building knowledge self-efficacy, (3) for the ambiguity tolerant, incentives are not required, and self efficacy is self-determined i.e., KM champions are not required to highlight the importance of KM; in fact the technology (KMS) is all important, a finding that negates conventional wisdom that technology is merely an enabler. In summary, a one-size fits all mindset is not effective, a firm must carefully consider the ambiguity tolerance levels of employees before forging ahead with KM efforts. This becomes all the more important to practitioners because of the recently highlighted differences in ambiguity tolerance between “Millennials” and” Generation Xers”. In addition to theory testing in KM, this research also informs KM practice.     

Understanding the effect of knowledge management strategies on knowledge management performance: A contingency perspective

The universalistic perspective research on employing a unidimensional knowledge management (KM) strategy has yielded conflicting findings and recommendations in different contexts. This study proposes a contingency model for investigating the effects of KM strategies on KM performance to resolve these contradictions. Drawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV) of the firm, which identifies knowledge type and origin as two key KM dimensions, this study first defines four KM strategies: external codification, internal codification, external personalization, and internal personalization. A multiple contingency model of KM strategy is then developed based on a technology–organization–environment framework. This study proposes that the effectiveness of each KM strategy depends on both external and internal contextual conditions, namely, environmental knowledge intensity and organizational information systems (IS) maturity. To test and validate the contingency model, we analyze data from 141 firms to explain the effects of KM strategies on KM performance. Our results reveal three KM strategies, not including the internal personalization strategy, which have a significant association with KM performance in their hypothesized contexts. This study expands KM strategy research by theoretically developing an advanced contingency model aligned with external and internal contexts and by providing valuable practical suggestions to managers for selecting a KM strategy based on multiple contingencies related to the external and internal conditions of a firm.     

基于本体的智能规划方法研究及应用

针对经典智能规划方法在利用领域知识方面存在的不足,将先进的知识工程方法与通用智能规划算法相结合,提出了一种新型的基于本体的智能规划技术,它能够综合利用本体知识库中的领域知识对特定领域问题进行合理高效的规划求解,同时给出了一套构建用于支持这类规划过程的领域知识本体库的实用方法。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地解决复杂的实际应用问题,使由此建立的规划系统真正达到实用水平。     

基于本体的智能信息检索系统

近年来,基于本体的智能信息检索系统已成为智能信息检索系统领域最为活跃的研究方向之一.如何利用本体进一步提高其检索性能和智能性,成为基于本体的智能信息检索系统的主要研究目标.从面向过程的角度,对近几年基于本体的智能信息检索系统的研究进展进行了综述,对其框架、所需本体知识的获取和使用、关键技术、性能评测等进行了前沿概括、比较和分析.最后,对基于本体的智能信息检索系统有待深入研究的难点和热点进行了展望.     

一种基于本体的高校知识管理系统及实现

针对高校师生知识的分布式、动态性和异构性等特点以及高校知识的学科专业的分类特征,提出了一种基于本体的高校知识管理系统模型OUKM,重点研究了OUKM的知识组织、知识查询和知识排序等实现方法,提出了基于知识结构本体的知识组织方法,以及精确知识查询、排序算法和模糊知识查询、排序算法。针对计算机专业知识,实现了一个基于本体的高校知识管理系统。