含负折射率材料的一维光子晶体带隙及应用

研究了含负折射率材料的一维光子晶体中一种特殊的带隙,这种带隙最适合的用途是做新型光子晶体滤波器.     

二维旋转直柱光子晶体的频率带隙结构分析

设计了一种二维方形旋转正四边形直柱光子晶体,利用平面波展开方法计算了其光子频率带结构,发现在低频和高频区域,该类光子晶体的光子频率禁带明显增大.计算了空气中Al材料的旋转四边形直柱光子晶体的带结构和态密度,当填充比等于0.5时存在绝对带隙,旋转角度为45°时绝对带隙最大,旋转角度为0时,光子频率禁带位于高频区域.利用FDTD方法检验了计算结果,并分析了旋转角度为45°时,正四边形直柱光子晶体的波导特性以及TM模的电场分布.     

激波调制光子晶体频率转换效应的研究

研究了被激波调制的光子晶体对入射光产生的频率转换效应。建立了弹性激波调制一维光子晶体的物理模型;提出了准静态带隙结构的概念,并采用FDTD和平面波展开法计算了其光子带隙;通过数值计算和微扰分析,发现该频率转换是一个量化累积过程,并对该频率转换效应及其量化累积现象提出一种基于光子一声子相互作用和表面衰减模的解释,同时,分析了该频率转换效应的特性。     

光子晶体在光催化领域的研究进展

光子晶体是由具有不同介电常数的物质,在空间按照周期性排列形成具有光子带隙的介电结构材料.光子带隙中的慢光子和带隙反射可以促进光子的捕获和控制光与物质之间的相互作用.基于光子晶体独特的光学特性和较大的比表面积,将光子晶体结构引入到半导体光催化材料的设计中,可以有效地增强光催化反应活性.本文介绍了三维光子晶体的制备方法及慢光子效应,总结了光子晶体特别是反蛋白石结构的光子晶体作为光催化剂在废水净化、制氢、二氧化碳的转化等领域的研究进展,并针对光子晶体光催化剂面临的挑战,提出了开发具有不同折射率和周期性的多层三维光子晶体,促进光子晶体在光催化领域的应用.     

非空气-石英结构PCF的带隙特性分析

光子晶体光纤是近十来年兴起的一个新兴的研究领域,是现今纤维光学的研究重点,光子带隙特性是光子晶体光纤区别传统光纤的主要特征。本文利用全矢量平面波展开法对非空气-石英结构PCF的带隙特性进行分析,并且重点讨论空气孔内填充介电材料对光子带隙存在的影响。     

太赫兹波段塑料光子晶体光纤的特性分析

本文利用有限元法对太赫兹波在塑料光子晶体光纤中的传输特性进行了模拟,分析了光纤结构与基模有效折射率、波导色散、基模有效面积的关系,给出了本文设计结构下,塑料光子晶体光纤的传输特性随空气孔径、孔间距等参数变化的规律。     

带隙可调光子晶体的研究进展

介绍了近几年带隙可调光子晶体的研究进展。带隙调节的机制主要有改变晶体材料的平均折射率和改变晶体的结构参数两种。综述了通过电场调制、磁场调制、压力调制、光照调制、温度调制和复合调制等实现带隙实时可调的研究进展,提出了目前存在的问题及研究方向。     

激波调制光子晶体频率转换效应的研究

研究了被激波调制的光子晶体对入射光产生的频率转换效应.建立了弹性激波调制一维光子晶体的物理模型:提出了准静态带隙结构的概念,并采用FDTD和平面波展开法计算了其光子带隙;通过数值计算和微扰分析,发现该频率转换是一个量化累积过程,并对该频率转换效应及其量化累积现象提出一种基于光子-声子相互作用和表面衰减模的解释,同时,分析了该频率转换效应的特性.     

PMMA光子晶体及PMMA/TiO2光子晶体的制备及表征

用无皂乳液聚合法,制备单分散的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）微球,并使其在重力和表面张力作用下自组装成PMMA光子晶体。用SEM研究其表面形貌,并对其进行光学性质的研究。此外还制备了PMMA／TiO2光子晶体,用AFM表征了其形貌,XRD表征了混合体系的TiO2的晶型。经光学性质研究表明,TiO2纳米粒子提高了光子晶体的折射率比,光子带隙红移。     

基于结构性改变的光子晶体光纤光栅研究

利用多极法结合耦合模理论对一种基于结构性改变的光子晶体光纤光栅进行了研究,建立了其结构模型,理论分析了此种成栅工艺原理.计算了七层三角形对称排布空气孔包层有效折射率随波长变化情况,比较了不同光子晶体光纤结构成栅效果的差异.研究结果表明,光子晶体光纤包层中空气孔周期性塌缩可以形成光栅,空气孔排布层数,空气孔占空比、空气孔塌缩层数和塌缩程度等参数对光子晶体光纤光栅的传输特性有重要影响,得出了谐振波长和谐振带宽与上述参数之间的变化关系,并给出这种变化关系的解释.     

Highly tunable large-core single-mode liquid-crystal photonic bandgap fiber

We demonstrate a highly tunable photonic bandgap fiber, which has a large-core diameter of 25 microm and an effective mode area of 440 microm2. The tunability is achieved by infiltrating the air holes of a photonic crystal fiber with an optimized liquid-crystal mixture having a large temperature gradient of the refractive indices at room temperature. A bandgap tuning sensitivity of 27 nm/degrees C is achieved at room temperature. The insertion loss is estimated to be less than 0.5 dB and caused mainly by coupling loss between the index-guided mode and the bandgap-guided mode.     

Photonic Bandgaps in Disordered Inverse‐Opal Photonic Crystals

Three‐dimensional photonic crystals with full bandgaps at optical wavelengths can be fabricated with inverse‐opal techniques. We have shown that the bandgap is extremely sensitive to the presence of geometric disorder in the crystals (see Figure). The bandgap closes completely with a disorder strength as small as under two percent of the lattice constant. This fragility persists even at very high refractive index contrasts and is attributed to the creation of a bandgap at high frequency bands (8–9 bands) in inverse‐opal crystals. This should impose severe demand on the quality of lattice uniformity.     

All-optical digital 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D photonic crystal ring resonators

The photonic crystals draw significant attention to build all-optical logic devices and are considered one of the solutions for the opto-electronic bottleneck via speed and size. The paper presents a novel optical 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D square lattice photonic crystals of silicon rods. The main realization of optical encoder is based on the photonic crystal ring resonator NOR gates. The proposed structure has four logic input ports, two output ports, and two bias input port. The photonic crystal structure has a square lattice of silicon rods with a refractive index of 3.39 in air. The structure has lattice constant ‘a’ equal to 630 nm and bandgap range from 0.32 to 044. The total size of the proposed 4 × 2 encoder is equal to 35 μm × 35 μm. The simulation results using the dimensional finite difference time domain and Plane Wave Expansion methods confirm the operation and the feasibility of the proposed optical encoder for ultrafast optical digital circuits.     

A high sensitivity refractive index sensor based on photonic crystal fibre Mach–Zehnder interferometer

A compact and high sensitivity refractive index sensor based on a photonic crystal fibre Mach–Zehnder mode–mode interferometer is proposed. The sensing part is formed by in fibre SMF-PCF-SMF structure (SMF: single-mode fibre; PCF: photonic crystal fibre) using fusion splicing method. The fully collapse air holes of photonic crystal fibre make coupling of fibre core and cladding mode in the splicing collapse region which establish a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The Mach–Zehnder interferometers with different photonic crystal fibre length are fabricated to investigate refractive index sensing characteristics. The refractive index measuring sensitivity can reach 224.2 nm/RIU (RIU: Refractive Index Unit) with a length of PCF L = 4 cm, experimentally. The proposed refractive index sensor is attractive due to its simple production process, compact size and high sensitivity.     

Simultaneous operation of a dual-channel optical filter in zero dispersion and low-loss optical fiber windows based on a special double-cavity photonic crystal

In this paper, photonic crystal (PC)-based filters with perfect transmittance and narrow-channels located synchronously in zero dispersion (1300 nm) and low-loss (1550 nm) optical fiber communication windows have been introduced. The results demonstrate the potential of 1D photonic crystals for designing of PC-based optical filters with capability of simultaneous filtration of the second and third optical fiber windows even in the presence of oblique incidence angles of light and for both TE- and TM-waves.     

Sol–gel derived photonic bandgap coatings for solar control

Sol–gel derived photonic bandgap films have been investigated as possible multilayer coatings for solar control glass applications. Multilayer Bragg mirrors, in particular, have been modelled by the Transfer Matrix method, designed to have either near-UV or near-IR reflectivity, but visible transparency, based on alternating aluminosilicate glass/titania quarter-wave stacks. Such composite multilayer structures have been deposited by sol–gel processing on selected glasses and other types of substrates and their optical characteristics have been measured by optical absorption and reflection spectroscopies, as well as spectroscopic ellipsometry to determine the single layer refractive index and thickness. The UV–visible-IR absorption and reflection characteristics of these multilayer coatings revealed solar control properties, due to the presence of peaks near ∼350–400 nm and ∼900–1000 nm, with reflectivities of the order of 70%, which appear promising for solar control application.     

Label-free detection of glycated haemoglobin in human blood using silicon-based photonic crystal nanocavity biosensor

Abstract

In this paper, we describe a two-dimensional photonic crystal-based biosensor that consists of a waveguide and a nanocavity with high sensitivity. A new method is employed for increasing sensitivity of the biosensor. The simulation results show that biosensor is highly sensitive to the refractive index (RI) variations due to injected biomaterials, like glycated haemoglobin, into the sensing surface. The proposed biosensor is designed for the wavelength range of 1514.4–1896.3 nm. The sensitivity and the quality factor are calculated to be 3000 and 272.43 nm/RIU, respectively. The designed structure can detect a 0.002 change in the RI via resonant wavelength shift of 0.9 nm. The band diagram and transmission spectra are computed using plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods.     

Slow-light Mach–Zehnder modulators based on Si photonic crystals

Mach–Zehnder optical modulators are the key devices for high-speed electrical-to-optical conversion in Si photonics. Si rib waveguides with a p–n diode structure operated in the carrier depletion mode have mainly been developed as their phase shifters. Their length is usually longer than millimeters due to the limited change in the refractive index due to the carrier depletion in a Si p–n diode. This length is shorter than commercial LiNbO₃ modulators, but still much shorter devices are desired for large-scale integration and for simplifying the high-speed RF modulation. A promising solution is to use slow light in photonic crystal waveguides, which enhances the modulation efficiency in proportion to the group-velocity refractive index n_g. In particular, dispersion-engineered slow light allows more than five-fold enhancement, maintaining a wide working spectrum as well as large temperature tolerance. The devices with a phase shifter length of around 100 μm are fabricated by a standard process compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductors. The operation at 10 Gbps and higher speeds are obtained in the wavelength range of 16.9 nm and temperature range of 105 K.     

Silicon‐Based Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystals can be thought of as optical analogues of semiconductors. Here recent advances in photonic crystals based on silicon are reviewed. After summarizing the theory of photonic bandgap materials, the preparation and linear optical properties of 1D, 2D, and 3D silicon‐based photonic crystals are discussed. Laterally structured porous silicon with a defect line is shown in the Figure.