烧结温度对TC4合金的微观结构和力学性能的影响

将TiH₂、Al-V粉末压制成型后进行真空烧结,制备出Ti6Al4V(TC4)合金,使用XRD、金相和SEM断口形貌观测以及力学性能测试等手段对其表征,研究了烧结温度对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明：烧结样品由密排六方α-Ti和体心立方β-Ti双相组成,其形貌呈等轴、网篮或板条(片状、针状)状,随着烧结温度的提高和保温时间的延长等轴组织减少,片状组织和针状组织增加且其组织粗化,在1150℃烧结的样品具有较好网篮结构组织;用该方法可制备相对密度为96.9%~99.6%、抗拉强度为719.3~914.1 MPa、延伸率为6.2%~9.4%、硬度为313.2~364.8HV的TC4合金试样;在1150℃保温1.5 h的样品性能较好,其抗拉强度最高(914.1 MPa),对应的延伸率和硬度分别为7.6%和355.5HV;用纯TiH₂粉末烧结样品的断口呈韧性断裂;加入合金元素的样品其断口逐渐由韧性断口变为韧性和脆性混合的断口,其强度提高、延伸率下降。     

BASCA热处理对TC10钛合金组织与断裂韧性的影响

本工作对TC10钛合金进行BASCA热处理(β退火+缓慢冷却+时效),通过改变BA温度(β退火温度),研究BASCA热处理对TC10钛合金微观组织与断裂韧性的影响。结果表明：BA温度对合金微观组织与断裂韧性起到决定作用,随着BA温度升高,合金微观组织类型由等轴组织转变为片层组织,断裂韧性不断增加,最大值为77 MPa·m^1/2。此外,研究了不同类型组织的裂纹尖端区域塑性变形量、裂纹扩展路径以及断口微观形貌,进一步揭示断裂机制。与片层组织相比,等轴组织的裂纹尖端区域塑性变形较大,裂纹扩展路径曲折程度较小。等轴组织的断口形貌光滑平顺,主要由韧窝构成;片层组织的断口形貌凹凸起伏明显,韧窝数量与尺寸均减小,并出现撕裂棱、空洞以及二次裂纹。     

热处理冷却速率对粉末TC11组织及性能的影响

该文对采用超高转速等离子旋转电极制粉(PREP)+热等静压(HIP)+双重退火热处理工艺路线制备的粉末TC11产品进行力学性能测试和显微组织观察对比分析,研究热处理双重退火中一次退火的冷却速率对TC11粉末钛合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。通过拉伸测试试验结果可知:在热处理过程中一次退火冷却方式由空冷更改为风冷,抗拉强度明显提高,塑性略有下降,TC11粉末钛合金的抗拉强度σb由1040MPa提高到1080MPa以上,屈服强度σ0.2也由920MPa提高到950MPa以上,这是因为粉末TC11显微组织为网篮组织,主要由条片α+相间β相组成,少量细小的等轴α分布在原始粉末颗粒边界处,随着冷速的提高,条片状α长宽比变大,间距变小,网篮编织更加紧密、细致,导致抗拉强度升高,塑性降低。     

一种高W单晶镍基合金的组织演化与蠕变行为

通过蠕变曲线测定及组织形貌观察,研究了一种9％W单晶镍基合金的组织演化与蠕变行为.结果表明,当在1040℃施加应力大于160MPa时,合金表现出明显的施加应力敏感性,在试验的温度范围内,合金具有较低的应变速率和较长的蠕变寿命,测定出合金的表观蠕变激活能为465kJ/mol.在蠕变初期,合金中γ'相沿垂直于应力轴方向,转变成N-型筏状结构,在稳态蠕变期间合金的变形机制是位错攀移越过筏状γ'相,而蠕变后期合金的变形机制是位错剪切进入筏状γ'相.蠕变断裂后,在试样不同区域筏状γ'相具有不同的形貌,在远离断口区域,筏状γ'相与应力轴方向垂直,而在近断口区域筏状γ'相尺寸及扭曲程度增加的原因是承受的应力及变形程度增大所致.     

喷射沉积Al－2．15Li－1．28Mg－1．26Cu－0．10Zr合金的显微组织与拉伸性能EI

采用新型的喷射沉积快速凝固工艺制备了Ａｌ－２．１５Ｌｉ－１．２８Ｍｇ－１．２６Ｃｕ－０．１０Ｚｒ合金，对合金的显微组织与拉伸性能进行了研究。实验结果表明，沉积态实验合金组织为大量细小、均匀的等轴晶，经热挤压后晶粒呈“砖块”状形貌特征，在晶界上不易观察到破碎氧化物。时效析出不规则形状的δ＇相粒子、球壳状β＇－δ＇复合沉淀相及Ｓ＇相。喷射沉积Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金经１９０℃／２０ｈ时效后达到峰时效状态，此时材料的综合性能最优（σ＿ｂ＝５２８ＭＰａ，σ＿（０．２）＝４２０ＭＰａ，δ＝１２％）。与粉未冶金Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金相比，材料的塑性明显改善。     

Cu-15Cr-0.2Zr形变原位复合材料强度和导电性研究

采用冷变形＋适当的中间热处理的方法制备了Cu-15Cr-0.2Zr形变原位复合材料，并研究了微量盈对Cu-15Cr原位复合材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明：合金经室温变形后，Cr相转变成弯曲薄片状纤维，随着应变量的增加，合金的强度提高，导电率下降。添加0．2％盈使Cu-15Cr-0.2Zr在η=6．438时的极限抗拉强度达到1072MPa，导电率达到68.7％IACS。     

喷射沉积Al－2．15Li－1．28Mg－1．26Cu－0．10Zr合金的显微组织与拉伸性能

采用新型的喷射沉积快速凝固工艺制备了Ａｌ－２．１５Ｌｉ－１．２８Ｍｇ－１．２６Ｃｕ－０．１０Ｚｒ合金，对合金的显微组织与拉伸性能进行了研究。实验结果表明，沉积态实验合金组织为大量细小、均匀的等轴晶，经热挤压后晶粒呈“砖块”状形貌特征，在晶界上不易观察到破碎氧化物。时效析出不规则形状的δ＇相粒子、球壳状β＇－δ＇复合沉淀相及Ｓ＇相。喷射沉积Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金经１９０℃／２０ｈ时效后达到峰时效状态，此时材料的综合性能最优（σ＿ｂ＝５２８ＭＰａ，σ＿（０．２）＝４２０ＭＰａ，δ＝１２％）。与粉未冶金Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金相比，材料的塑性明显改善。     

热处理工艺对Mg-3Zn-0.6Zr合金组织和性能的影响

本工作采用的热处理工艺分为均匀化处理及固溶处理,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射分析、压缩试验和硬度测量等多种实验方法,研究Mg-3Zn-0.6Zr合金铸态和热处理态的组织及性能。研究发现,均匀化处理后,铸态合金晶粒细化,抗压强度提高到338.3 MPa;固溶处理后,铸态合金中的MgZn第二相逐渐溶解到α-Mg基体中,抗压强度提高到431.1 MPa。最后,确定了最佳热处理工艺为:固溶处理温度400℃,保温8h,水冷。     

Mo含量对牙科用Ti-Mo合金显微组织及性能的影响

采用LZ5型离心铸钛机制备了4种Ti-Mo（5％、10％、15％和20％（质量分数）Mo）合金，研究了其显微组织和力学性能，并对其在Hank’S溶液和0．9％NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性进行了研究。研究结果表明：Ti-5Mo合金由等轴的α相组成，Ti-10Mo合金由等轴的β相和针状的α相组成，Ti-15Mo和Ti-20Mo合金由单一的等轴β相组成。力学性能测试结果表明，随着Mo含量的增加，Ti-Mo合金的压缩强度降低，塑性增强。耐蚀性研究结果表明，Hank＇s溶液中Ti-10Mo合金的自腐蚀电位较高，且易钝化；0．9％NaCl溶液中，Ti-5Mo合金的自腐蚀电位较高。Ti-20Mo合金易钝化且钝化区间较宽，两种腐蚀介质中Ti-15Mo合金的钝化膜较稳定。     

新型稀土镁基贮氢电极合金的结构与性能

系统研究了La0．7Mg0．3(Ni0．85Co0.15)x(x=2．5，3．0，3．5，4．0，4．5，5．0)贮氢电极合金的结构和储氢性能．该类型合金由(La，Mg)Ni3相(PuNi3型结构)和LaNi5相(CaCu5型结构)组成，两相的a轴参数和晶胞体积都随着x值的增大而减小．(La，Mg)Ni3相的丰度先从x=2．5时的48．4％增加到x=3．5时的78．2％，然后又减小到x=5．0时的12．2％，而LaNi5相的丰度在x=2．5-3．5时基本保持不变(-20％)，在x=4．0时突然增加到71.9％．合金的吸氢量从x=2．5时的0．86％(质量分数)增加到x=3．5时的1．50％然后又减小到x=5．0时的1．19％．合金的放氢平台压力在x=2．5-3．5时保持基本不变(-65．9kPa)，然后逐渐增加到x=5．0时的0．30MPa．随着x的增加，吸放氢过程的滞后效应先增大后减小，而合金的放氢平台变得更加平坦．     

Al-5Ti-0.25C细化剂对2024铝合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了Al-5Ti-0.25C细化剂对2024铝合金铸态显微组织及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:未添加细化剂时,2024铝合金显微组织呈粗大的枝晶状,平均尺寸约为150μm;添加Al-5Ti-0.25C后,晶粒为细小的等轴晶。本试验条件下,最佳的细化剂添加量为0.3%,此时,2024铝合金的平均晶粒尺寸为56μm,其力学性能得到显著提高,抗拉强度和延伸率分别为382 MPa、2.60%,与未细化试样相比增幅分别为12.4%、69.9%。     

Mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of Al 6061 alloy processed by multidirectional forging at liquid nitrogen temperature

Al–Mg–Si alloy was subjected to multidirectional forging (MDF) at liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT), to cumulative strains of 1.8, 3.6 and 5.4. The deformed microstructures were examined by optical microscopy under polarized light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The deformed samples showed the formation of dislocation cells structure with high dislocation density at lower strains. Composite structure consisting of lamellar morphology at deformation bands and equiaxed grain morphology was observed. Significant differences in microstructure of the deformed samples were observed with increasing strain at LNT. At cumulative strain of 5.4, the microstructure shows nearly equiaxed subgrain structure with an average size of 250 nm with high angle grain boundaries. The mechanical properties were studied through Vickers hardness testing machine and tensile tester. The hardness value of MDFed alloy at LNT has increased from 50 Hv to 115 Hv for cumulative strain of 5.4. Tensile strength has increased from 180 MPa to 388 MPa with 4.5% percentage of elongation to failure. The improvement in hardness and tensile strength of forged alloy is attributed to the formation of equiaxed sub-grain structures and the presence of high dislocation density.     

高Nb-TiAl合金的高温变形行为及其板材的性能

对高Nb-TiAl合金进行多步热压缩,研究其高温变形行为及其板材的性能。结果表明,热压缩变形后高Nb-TiAl合金的组织中等轴γ晶粒和α晶粒的增多、层片晶团的体积分数和尺寸降低,使其变形能力提高。根据这些结果确定了最优轧制工艺为应变速率低于0.5 s-1、道次变形量前期应不高于25%、变形温度高于1150℃。选用上述工艺对其其进行5道次大变形量轧制,制备出表面质量良好、无缺陷的高Nb-TiAl合金板材,其尺寸为600 mm×85 mm×3 mm。这种板材具有双态组织,平均晶粒尺寸小于5μm,其室温屈服强度、抗拉强度和塑性分别为948 MPa、1084 MPa和0.94%,800℃下抗拉强度为758 MPa。     

Evolution behavior of δ phase in Cu12Sn2Ni alloy and the corresponding effects on alloy property

With the increase of tin content in tin bronze, the rise of δ phase made the strength, hardness of tin bronze increase and the ductility decrease sharply, that difficult to process. In this paper, the Cu12Sn2Ni alloy was prepared by centrifugal casting, the microstructure and phase formation before and after heat treatment were observed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the as-cast sample microstructure was composed of equiaxed grains rather than coarse dendrites. centrifugal casting inhibits tin diffusion to form metastable phase β′-Cu_13.7Sn. The as-cast sample had good deformability and its tensile strength and elongation were 381.9 MPa and 12.4 %, respectively, which are higher than the mechanical properties of gravity casting. The tensile strength and elongation of the sample after furnace cooling at 620 °C/8 min are 439.5 MPa and 24.4 %, respectively, the increase was 16.6 % and 85.07 %, compared with the as-cast samples, due to the solid solution strengthening, the second phase strengthening and the homogenization of the microstructure.     

Dependence of mechanical properties on the microstructure characteristics of a near β titanium alloy Ti-7333

In this work, the microstructure and the corresponding tensile properties of the rolled Ti-7Mo-3Nb-3Cr-3Al(Ti-7333) alloy before and after the thermal treatments were investigated. The results show that a strong α-fiber texture is developed in the rolled Ti-7333 alloy. The deformed matrix and the texture significantly induce the variant selection of β phase. The high strength of the rolled Ti-7333 alloy is attributed to the 110 texture parallel to the tensile direction and the dispersed α phase within the matrix. After the solution treatment followed by the aging treatment, the texture decreases and the microstructure consists of the equiaxed β grains, the spheroidal α_p phase and various needle-like α variants. Eventually, the alloy could achieve an optimal combination with the strength of about 1450 MPa,the ductility of about 10.5% and a considerable shear strength of about 775 MPa. This balance can be ascribed to the performance of the spheroidal α_p phase and various needle-like α_s variants. The results indicate that the Ti-7333 alloy could be a promising candidate material for the high-strength fastener.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the motorcycle cylinder body of AM60B magnesium alloy formed by combining die casting and forging

Double control forming technology was firstly proposed for meeting the producing requirements of complex Mg alloy parts with high mechanical properties. Not only the high-speed filling but also high-pressure densifying and refining could be achieved in double control forming technology. A typical part of motorcycle cylinder body was used for demonstrating its advantages. The results showed that complete filling could be achieved by injection system of double control forming device and the microstructure of formed part was densified and refined well by its forging system. High mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength of 241 MPa and elongation of 13.9% were achieved in the parts formed by double control forming. Compared to die casting, the ultimate tensile strength was increased by 63.9% and elongation was increased by 3.3 times. A large number of fine equiaxed grains with the average size less than 20 μm were found in the microstructure of parts formed by double control forming. A refined microstructure also led to a more uniform distribution of primary equiaxed grains and second phase. Casting defects such as shrinkage voids were removed from the microstructure due to the forging pressure.     

Microstructure and steady state creep in Ti-24Al-11Nb

The steady state creep behaviour of the two-phase Ti₃Al-based alloy, Ti-24Al-11Nb, has been examined as a function of microstructure at temperatures ranging from 798 to 998 K and stress levels ranging from 30 to 400 MPa. Three microstructural conditions corresponding to 90% equiaxed ₂, 40% equiaxed ₂, and 100% lath ₂ structures have been studied. A low-stress Coble creep regime has been identified, with the lath ₂ structure showing the greates creep resistance in this regime. The lath ₂ structure is also stronger in the dislocation creep regime. The creep strength of this ordered alloy is shown to derive from frequency factors for diffusion, which are about two to three orders of magnitude lower than those for disordered alloys. Activation energies for creep in both the diffusional and dislocation creep domains are similar to values obtained in disordered alloys.     

轧制处理对AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金组织与力学性能的影响

目的 为了设计出成本低、性能优异的AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金,并探究轧制处理对该合金微观组织与力学性能的影响。方法 使用真空电弧熔炼炉熔炼AlCrFe2Ni2合金样品,采用冷轧的方式进行塑性加工,轧制总下压量为60%,结合相图计算、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等分析测试方法研究AlCrFeNi合金体系的相形成规律,以及合金变形前后微观组织、力学性能的变化情况。结果 铸态和冷轧态的AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金由FCC_A1主相和BCC相构成,BCC区域由编织状的BCC_A2相和BCC_B2相构成。铸态下的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为681 MPa和1 208 MPa。冷轧后的合金样品硬度和拉伸强度明显提高,经60%下压量的冷轧变形后,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提升到1 433 MPa和1 620 MPa,但伸长率由铸态的9.5%下降到轧态的2.0%。结论 相组成参数计算结合相图计算(CALPHAD)能够有效预测合金的相组成,轧制处理能够有效改善合金的力学性能。     

电子束熔丝沉积4043/4074铝合金的组织与力学性能

目的 研究电子束熔丝沉积Al-Si合金的微观组织与力学性能以及后续热处理的影响。方法 采用电子束熔丝沉积快速成形技术,分别对直径2 mm的4043和4047铝合金丝材进行增材制造成形,研究样品在不同方向上的微观组织与力学性能以及后续热处理的影响。结果 打印态的4043和4047合金的致密度分别为99.81%和99.88%,热处理后略有降低,分别为98.94%和99.77%。打印态样品中含有一些由硅颗粒和杂质相组成的条带状微观组织。打印态样品中含有近似等轴状与棒状的两类细小Si颗粒。打印态样品在长、宽、高3个方向上的拉伸强度相当,4043合金的抗拉强度为120~127 MPa,伸长率为12%~30%;4047合金的抗拉强度为151~155 MPa,伸长率为15%~30%。经热处理后,样品的强度略有降低,但伸长率显著提升。结论 通过控制EBF3参数,可以获得致密无缺陷的具有良好力学性能的块体Al-Si合金样品,其力学性能可通过后续热处理进一步调控。