氨基功能化烟叶生物炭对废水中U(Ⅵ)的吸附行为

对废弃卷烟烟叶进行炭化处理后再引入氨基功能基团制备了氨基化烟叶生物炭吸附剂(ATC),通过SEM、FTIR、XPS对ATC进行了表征,考察了pH、ATC投加量、温度、吸附时间、U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度对ATC吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明,在U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为250 mg/L、pH=6、ATC投加量为0.2 g/L、温度为40℃、吸附时间为210 min时,ATC对U(Ⅵ)的最大理论吸附量为495.04 mg/g.吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;Langmuir吸附等温模型能更好地描述ATC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附行为.ATC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附去除机理主要包括静电相互作用,与 —NH2、—OH、—COOH的配位络合,与Si—O—Si的"π-π"相互作用.5次吸附-解吸实验后,ATC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附率在86.71％以上.     

氨基功能化烟叶生物炭对废水中U(Ⅵ)的吸附行为

对废弃卷烟烟叶进行炭化处理后再引入氨基功能基团制备了氨基化烟叶生物炭吸附剂(ATC),通过SEM、FTIR、XPS对ATC进行了表征,考察了pH、ATC投加量、温度、吸附时间、U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度对ATC吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明,在U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为250 mg/L、pH=6、ATC投加量为0.2 g/L、温度为40℃、吸附时间为210 min时,ATC对U(Ⅵ)的最大理论吸附量为495.04 mg/g.吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;Langmuir吸附等温模型能更好地描述ATC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附行为.ATC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附去除机理主要包括静电相互作用,与 —NH2、—OH、—COOH的配位络合,与Si—O—Si的π-π相互作用.5次吸附-解吸实验后,ATC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附率在86.71％以上.     

生物吸附材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究进展

简述了Cr(Ⅵ)的来源及危害,并介绍了修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的常用方法,主要介绍了生物吸附法,具体分析了静电吸附作用、氧化还原作用、络合作用、离子交换作用及氢键作用吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的相关机理,介绍了经济有效及预防二次污染解吸处理。最后,生物吸附材料吸附Cr(Ⅵ)作出展望。     

氧化石墨相氮化碳吸附U(Ⅵ)的性能与机理

采用酸刻蚀及氧化处理技术制备了氧化氮化碳(OCN)纳米材料,探究了OCN对水中U(Ⅵ)的吸附-解吸性能。考察了溶液pH、温度、OCN投加量、反应时间、U(Ⅵ)初始浓度等因素对OCN吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响,并探讨了吸附机制。结果表明:OCN对U(Ⅵ)有良好的吸附效果,在pH=5、30℃、U(Ⅵ)的初始质量浓度为10 mg/L,OCN的投加量为200 mg/L时,OCN对U(Ⅵ)吸附率达98.9%,比未改性的石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)吸附U(Ⅵ)的性能提高了约42.82%,吸附反应在10 min即到达吸附平衡。pH是影响OCN吸附U(Ⅵ)的重要影响因素,温度等因素对U(Ⅵ)的吸附影响较小。拟二级动力学方程和Langmuir模型很好地拟合了吸附过程,OCN对U(Ⅵ)的吸附过程为自发的吸热过程。吸附解吸实验结果表明,OCN具有良好的重复利用性。     

氧化石墨相氮化碳吸附水中U(VI)的性能与机理研究

本试验采用酸刻蚀及氧化处理制备了氧化氮化碳（OCN）纳米材料，探究了OCN对水中U(VI)的吸附-解吸性能。考察了溶液pH，温度，OCN投加量，反应时间U(VI)初始浓度等影响因素对OCN吸附U(VI)的影响，并探讨了吸附机制。试验结果表明，OCN对U(VI)有良好的吸附效果，在pH为5，30℃，U(VI)的初始浓度为10mg/L，OCN的投加量为200mg/L时，OCN对U(VI)吸附率达98.9%，比未改性的石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)吸附U(VI)的性能提高了约30%，吸附反应在10min即到达吸附平衡。pH是影响OCN吸附U(VI)的重要影响因素，温度等因素对U(VI)的吸附影响较小。拟二级动力学方程和Langmuir模型很好地拟合了吸附过程，OCN对U(VI)的吸附过程为自发的吸热过程。吸附解吸实验结果表明OCN具有良好的重复利用性，作为一种高性能吸附剂在含U(VI)废水处理方面拥有广阔的应用前景。     

热解温度和生物质类型对生物炭吸附U(Ⅵ)性能的影响

以稻壳、竹子和杉木屑为原料,分别在不同热解温度下热解制备生物炭（DBC、ZBC和MBC）。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）和X射线衍射（XRD）表征其理化性质,并通过批量吸附实验研究生物炭对U（VI）的吸附特性与机理。结果表明：随着热解温度升高,3种生物炭pH值和灰分增加,产率下降,且ZBC与DBC表面更加粗糙,孔状形貌更加明显,芳香结构趋于完善,含氧官能团减少,无机元素占比增加,碳纤维结晶度降低;准二级吸附动力学模型能更好地拟合3种生物炭吸附U（VI）的过程（R₂²>0.96）,在25℃、pH值4、固液比为1：1（g：L）的条件下3 h可达到吸附平衡;3种生物炭的吸附等温线拟合更符合Langmuir模型,以化学吸附为主,ZBC700对U（VI）的理论最大吸附量为18.55 mg/g;随着热解温度的升高,ZBC和DBC吸附U（VI）的能力增强,阳离子-π和离子交换作用贡献增加。MBC吸附U（VI）的能力与热解温度关系不明显,相同热解温度,ZBC和DBC的吸附量高于MBC。     

海水小球藻和三角褐指藻对U(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

以冷冻干燥法制备海水小球藻和三角褐指藻藻粉,考察pH、时间、温度、初始U(Ⅵ)浓度、盐浓度等对两种微藻在水溶液中吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响,并由Langmuir模型拟合结果分析得出海水小球藻和三角褐指藻对U(Ⅵ)的吸附量最高分别达1 314.0 mg/g和1 450.0 mg/g。采用BM、SEM、EDS、FTIR等方法对两种微藻吸附U(Ⅵ)前后形貌及结构进行表征,分析可能存在的吸附机理。此外,模拟深海高压环境考察藻粉对U(Ⅵ)的吸附,得出2种藻粉在一定超高压环境下U(Ⅵ)吸附性能良好,且三角褐指藻优于海水小球藻。     

向日葵秸秆对U(Ⅵ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的选择吸附特性

以分别含有单一的U(Ⅵ)、Cu(Ⅱ)溶液以及U(Ⅵ)、Cu(Ⅱ)混合溶液为吸附质,系统探讨了pH值、吸附剂量、温度、时间和初始离子浓度对向日葵秸秆吸附效果的影响。采用准二级动力学模型、Langmuir、Freundlich和Langmuir-Freundlich等温吸附模型对实验数据进行拟合,从分配系数和分离因子角度对吸附选择性进行分析,并对吸附机理进行探讨。结果表明:向日葵秸秆对U(Ⅵ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附分别是自发的吸热和放热反应;吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学模型,即化学吸附为控速步骤;单离子体系下U(Ⅵ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线分别符合Langmuir-Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附模型;复配体系下,当干扰Cu(Ⅱ)浓度≥60 mg·L-1时,U(Ⅵ)的吸附等温线可用Langmuir-Freundlich模型描述;而当干扰U(Ⅵ)浓度≥200 mg·L-1时,Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线可用Langmuir模型描述。当溶液中同时存在U(Ⅵ)和Cu(Ⅱ)两种离子时,离子间存在竞争吸附,且向日葵秸秆对U(Ⅵ)具有更高的选择性,这与金属本身的特性有关。向日葵秸秆吸附前后的SEM、EDX和FT-IR图谱表明,吸附U(Ⅵ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的主要方式为络合和离子交换。     

黄麻对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的生物吸附效果及机理研究

以黄麻粉末吸附处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水,考察了黄麻不同部位、粒径、p H、初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度和吸附时间对吸附效果的影响,进行了动力学和等温吸附研究,利用扫描电镜表征了吸附剂表面形态。结果表明,对于粒径为0.18 mm的黄麻叶,当p H为1,Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为100 mg/L,吸附时间为60 min时,可以达到较好的吸附效果;吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温线方程,饱和吸附量为185.09 mg/g。以黄麻叶处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水价格低廉、高效、快速,其可用于水体重金属污染修复。     

改性纳米蒙脱土对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为研究

以纳米蒙脱土(MNT)、溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)和EDTA为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备了CPB-MNT(C-M)和CPB-EDTA-MNT(C-E-M)吸附剂,采用XRD、SEM、N2吸附-脱附和FTIR进行表征,考察其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为,并研究了吸附等温方程和吸附动力学。结果表明,经改性后,CPB和EDTA成功进入蒙脱土层间,使层间距由0.95 nm分别增大到1.69 nm和2.12 nm,单位吸附量由4.02 mg/g分别增大到7.11 mg/g和11.91 mg/g;相同条件下,对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率C-E-M(99.19%)>C-M(59.25%)>MNT(32.5%);C-E-M吸附模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)符合拟二级动力学和Langmuir方程,极限吸附量和Langmuir常数分别是44.41 mg/L和0.731 2;吸附机理主要是物理吸附和化学吸附。C-E-M吸附剂用于处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水具有巨大的前景。     

交联壳聚糖树脂的制备及对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附研究

以壳聚糖为原料,通过反相悬浮交联法制备交联壳聚糖树脂,将其用于吸附Cr（Ⅵ）,考察了吸附时间、溶液pH、树脂用量、Cr（Ⅵ）的初始浓度和介质等因素对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,吸附平衡时间为20 min,最佳吸附pH为6.0,最佳用量为10 mg,Cr（Ⅵ）起始浓度为6 mg/mL,介质对吸附的影响大小顺序：Cu2＋〉Na＋。重复使用3次,再生性能好。     

蚯蚓粪生物炭对废水中Cd2+的吸附效果

采用高温热解的方法制备了一种蚯蚓粪生物炭(EB),并用其吸附废水中的Cd2+,研究了Cd2+初始浓度、pH、EB投加量、反应温度、吸附时间对吸附效果的影响,分析了等温吸附和吸附动力学特征.结果表明:Cd2+的初始浓度为8 mg/L,EB的投加量为2.0 g/L,pH=5.0,温度为30℃,吸附时间为150 min条件下...     

疏水性MCM-41分子模板剂对水中U(VI)的吸附性能试验研究

采用水热合成法制备了疏水性介孔二氧化硅材料(MCM-41-dry)并经煅烧制得亲水性介孔二氧化硅材料(MCM-41-cal).试验探讨了pH值、吸附时间、投加量以及U(VI)初始浓度等因素对MCM-41材料煅烧前后吸附U(VI)效果的影响,利用SEM、EDS、BET和FTIR分析其吸附机理.试验结果表明, MCM-41-dry材料因具有有机模板剂,其吸附效果远高于MCM-41-cal的吸附效果;当pH值为5,吸附时间为180 min,温度为30 ℃,MCM-41-dry投加量为0.2 g/L,U(VI)初始浓度为10 mg/L时,其对U(VI)的吸附率可达99.2%;Langmuir吸附等温模型和准二级动力学方程能较好的拟合其吸附过程,当T=303 K时,理论饱和吸附量为241.935 mg/g,吸附为单分子层吸附,以化学吸附为主.通过BET、FTIR表征则说明MCM-41-dry具有六方形介孔结构能吸附U(VI),官能团羟基和氨基发挥了很大的作用.     

Novel mixed valence U(VI)/U(IV) dipicolinate

Mixed valence U(VI)/U(IV) compound with organic anionic ligand bridging uranium atoms in different oxidation states was synthesized at room temperature. Coordination polyhedron of U(VI) atom is a pentagonal bipyramide whose equatorial positions are occupied by nitrogen and two oxygen atoms of one DPA^2? anion, oxygen atom of another DPA^2? anion and a water molecule. Second uranium atom U(IV) is surrounded by three DPA^2? anions, one of which is tetradentate and acts as bridging ligand connecting metal centers, while other two DPA^2? anions are tridentate. The crystal structure is confirmed by UV–vis and IR spectroscopic data.     

Adsorption behavior of U(VI)/Th(IV) by acid-leached red mud: A comparative study

Acid-leached red mud, a type of inorganic-adsorptive by-product of bauxite Bayer process via acid leaching, was used for the removal of U(VI)/Th(IV) from aqueous solutions. Variables of the adsorption such as contact time, temperature, solution pH, initial concentration and dose of acid-leached red mud were investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption is strongly affected by dosage, the solution pH, contact time and initial concentration. The isothermal data were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich equations, but the data fitted the former better than the latter. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were used to describe the kinetic data, but the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the better. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH ^○ ), entropy (ΔS ^○ ) and free energy change (ΔG ^○ ) were calculated, and the negative ΔG ^○ values of U(VI)/Th(IV) at different temperatures confirmed the adsorption processes were spontaneous.     

Adsorption of chromium (VI) on functionalized and non-functionalized carbon nanotubes

We did a comparative study on the adsorption capacity of Cr (VI) between functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and non-functionalized CNTs. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removal of Cr (VI) are at pH 9, with dosage 0.1 gram, agitation speed and time of 120 rpm and 120 minutes, respectively. For the initial concentration of 1.0 mg/l, the removal efficiency of Cr (VI) using functionalized CNTs was 87.6% and 83% of non-functionalized CNTs. The maximum adsorption capacities of functionalized and non-functionalized CNTs were 2.517 and 2.49 mg/g, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich models were adopted to study the adsorption isotherm, which provided a K _L and K _F value of 1.217 L/mg and 18.14 mg^1?n L ⁿ /g functionalized CNT, while 2.365 L/mg and 2.307 mg^1?n L ⁿ /g for non-functionalized CNTs. This result proves that functionalized CNTs are a better adsorbent with a higher adsorption capacity compared with the non-functionalized CNTs.     

不溶性腐殖酸对钍的吸附性能研究

通过批实验考察了不溶性腐殖酸(IHA)对水中钍(Th)的吸附行为,探讨了IHA投加量、吸附时间、pH、吸附温度等对吸附性能的影响,分析了吸附动力学、吸附等温线和热力学过程,利用SEM和FTIR分析了相关吸附机理。结果表明:30℃下,1.0 g/L的IHA在pH=3.5,吸附时间6 h时,对50 mg/L Th(Ⅳ)的去除率达到78.6%,温度越高,Th(Ⅳ)去除率越高。IHA对Th(Ⅳ)的吸附是自发吸热反应,符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程;IHA吸附Th(Ⅳ)的机理表现为离子交换和络合。     

Influence of pH on U(VI) Adsorption using a Thermally-Treated Mg-Al Hydrotalcite and a Natural Zeolite in a Batch System

The capacity of a calcined hydrotalcite and a natural zeolite to remove U(VI) chemical species from both acidic and basic aqueous systems has been investigated. The U(VI) uptake by the calcined hydrotalcite and the natural zeolite was determined to be from 5 to 200 µmolmL^?1 and from 2 to 10 µmolmL^?1, respectively. Uranium was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy in the remaining solutions. The U(VI) adsorption of both materials was higher in the acidic aqueous system. Independent of the pH of the aqueous media, the [UO₂(CO₃)₃]^4? species play an important role in the regeneration of the original crystalline structure of the HT.     

Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of Cr(VI) on KIP210 resin

Series of resin selection experiments were carried out and the KIP210 strong base anion exchange resin was confirmed to have the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater. The adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of Cr(VI) on KIP210 resin were investigated completely and systematically. The static experiments were performed to study the effects of various parameters, such as shaking speed, resin dosage and pH during the adsorption process. The results indicate that the effect of external diffusion is eliminated at 160 rpm, the best pH value is 3.0 and the removal percentage of Cr(VI) increases with the increase of the resin dosage. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on KIP210 agrees well with the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption parameters of thermodynamics are ΔH = 26.5 kJ mol⁻¹, ΔS = 126.7 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ and ΔG < 0. It demonstrates that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on KIP210 is a spontaneously endothermic physisorption process. Moreover, the adsorption process can be described well by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the activation energy is 30.9 kJ mol⁻¹. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption rate is controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The resin is successfully regenerated using the NaOH solutions.