等离子熔覆AlCoCrCuFeNiMnV_(0.2)C_x高熵合金的组织结构

利用等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢板上制备Al Co Cr Cu Fe Ni Mn V0.2Cx(x=0,0.02,0.05,0.1,0.2,摩尔比)高熵合金熔覆层,采用XRF、OM、SEM、XRD、显微硬度计等分析了熔覆层的合金成分、微观组织、物相结构以及显微硬度。结果表明,熔覆层基体组织均为典型的树枝晶结构,由FCC+BCC固溶体组成,枝晶为BCC相,枝晶间为FCC相。当x为0.05~0.2时,熔覆层组织中有大量VC相在枝晶内析出,其形态多呈十字状和多边形颗粒状。由于碳的固溶强化作用和VC的析出相强化作用,随着碳含量的增加,熔覆层显微硬度呈增大的趋势,当x=0.2时,显微硬度达到572.4 HV。     

激光熔覆AlxCoCrCuFeNi高熵合金涂层组织与耐磨性

利用激光熔覆技术在45钢基体表面制备AlxCoCrCuFeNi(x=0.5,0.75,1.0,1.25,1.5)高熵合金涂层,研究了 Al元素含量对涂层组织结构、相组成、硬度及耐磨性的影响规律,重点分析了非平衡凝固快冷条件对高熵合金涂层形核的影响机制.AlxCoCrCuFeNi涂层具有BCC和FCC结构,随Al元素含量的增加FCC逐渐向BCC转变,高熔点Fe,Cr元素偏聚于BCC相中,Cu元素以富Cu相形式存在.涂层硬度随Al含量的增加而增大,合金体系为Al1.5CoCrCuFeNi时硬度达到最大为807.3HV0.2,耐磨性与硬度呈正相关性.激光熔覆非平衡快冷条件抑制了金属间化合物等有序相的形核、生长,有利于高熵合金固溶体相的形成.     

AlxFeCoNiB0.1高熵合金的微观组织和力学性能研究

采用真空电弧炉熔炼制备了AlxFeCoNiB0.1（x=0.4,0.5,0.8,1.2,1.6 at%）高熵合金,并对其微观组织和力学性能进行测试。随Al含量增加,合金的铸态枝晶由FCC相转变为B2(AlNi)/BCC相。当x=0.4和0.5时,合金的组织由枝晶FCC相和枝晶间组织B2相及(Fe,Co)2B组成;x=0.8时,枝晶由B2相组成,枝晶间由FCC相及(Fe,Co)2B组成;x=1.2时,枝晶间由共晶组织FCC+(Fe,Co)2B组成,BCC呈纳米级颗粒状;x=1.6时,共晶组织消失。随Al含量的增加,抗压拉强度先上升后下降,Al含量为0.8时达到峰值,为2243MPa,适量的Al能提高高熵合金综合力学性能。     

FeCrMnAlCux高熵合金的组织与性能

采用真空电弧熔炼炉制备FeCrMnAlCu_x(x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0)高熵合金,采用XRD、SEM、TEM、显微硬度仪、电子万能试验机和摩擦磨损实验机检测分析了Cu含量的变化对合金相结构、显微组织、压缩性能、硬度、耐磨性的影响。结果表明：FeCrMnAlCu_x高熵合金为典型的树枝晶组织,由BCC结构的枝晶组织、FCC结构的枝晶间组织及枝晶内析出的具有BCC结构的纳米级析出物构成。随着Cu含量的增加,合金微观组织中的枝晶组织含量减小,枝晶间组织含量增大;BCC结构的枝晶组织中弥散析出的第二相颗粒对合金的强度和硬度有着重要的影响,抗压强度和屈服强度在x=1.0时达到最大(分别为1230.2 MPa和960.5 MPa),合金的压缩变形率在x=2.0时达到最大值20.68%;随着Cu含量的增加,合金的硬度先增加后减少,合金硬度在x=0.5时达到最大值421.4HV,此时合金的摩擦性能最好,其磨损率为2.25×10^-5 mm³/(N·mm)。     

Cr_xCuFe_2Mo_(0.5)Nb_(0.5)Ni_2高熵合金的微观组织与力学性能

采用电弧熔炼工艺制备了CrxCuFe2Mo0.5Nb0.5Ni2(x=0,0.5,1.0,2.0,摩尔比)高熵合金,采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度计对合金的物相结构、微观组织形貌、元素分布和硬度进行了分析。结果表明,合金物相主要由面心立方固溶体相(FCC)、体心立方固溶体相(BCC)和密排六方固溶体相(HCP)组成。Cr含量的增加,有利于BCC相的形成。合金组织主要呈树枝晶和枝晶间结构组成。合金中Nb、Mo和Cu元素分别偏聚于枝晶和枝晶间区域,Fe、Cr和Ni元素的分布相对均匀。合金硬度随Cr含量的增加而逐渐增加,但增幅较小。     

FeCrMnAlCux高熵合金在0.5 M H2SO4溶液中耐腐蚀性能的研究

本文采用真空电弧熔炼技术制备出FeCrMnAlCux(x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0)高熵合金,通过XRD、SEM、EDS对合金的相结构及腐蚀前后的微观组织进行表征,利用动电位极化曲线、EIS、XPS以及浸泡实验对合金在0.5M H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀性能进行分析。研究结果表明：Cu元素的加入促进了合金中FCC相的形成,使合金由单一BCC结构转变为BCC+FCC双相混合结构。五种成分的高熵合金具有典型的枝晶形貌,随着Cu含量的增加,晶粒逐渐细化,组织逐渐均匀。FeCrMnAlCu1.5高熵合金的腐蚀电位最高(-0.363 V),腐蚀电流密度最小(2.148×10-5 A/cm2),合金的耐蚀性随着Cu含量的增加先提高后下降,当x=2.0时,腐蚀电位减小到-0.394 V,电流密度增大到2.865×10-4 A/cm2,其耐蚀性能仍优于未添加Cu元素的合金。腐蚀后合金截面处形成了复合氧化物保护膜,有效降低了合金在0.5 M H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀速率。     

时效处理对Cu_xCrFeNiAl高熵合金组织与硬度的影响

采用非自耗真空电弧熔炼炉制备了CuxCrFeNiAl(x=0、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0)高熵合金,时效工艺为600℃×12h。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和数显硬度仪对高熵合金的微观组织和硬度进行了分析。结果表明,Cu含量较低时(x≤0.5),CuxCrFeNiAl的组织主要由BCC相、FCC相和α-NiAl相组成;Cu含量较高时(x≥1.0),CuxCrFeNiAl的组织主要由含Cr、Fe、Ni的FCC1相、含Cu、Ni的FCC2相和α-NiAl相组成。硬度测试表明,含有BCC相的CrFeNiAl合金硬度(HV)最高,约为641,而由FCC相组成的Cu2CrFeNiAl合金的硬度(HV)最低,约为375。时效处理后合金的物相未发生明显改变,但合金组织更加均匀,并在枝晶间区域有纳米颗粒析出,因而合金硬度与铸态相比略有提高。     

Cu_xCr_2Fe_2Ni_3Mn_2Nb_(0.4)Mo_(0.2)高熵合金的组织和耐蚀性能

通过真空电弧熔炼制备了Cu_xCr_2Fe_2Ni_3Mn_2Nb_(0.4)Mo_(0.2)(x=0、0.1、0.2)高熵合金,采用XRD、SEM、腐蚀试验和动电位极化测试等分析手段研究了Cu含量对合金微观组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,Cu_xCr_2Fe_2Ni_3Mn_2Nb_(0.4)Mo_(0.2)高熵合金的微观组织主要由FCC结构和BCC结构相组成。随着合金中Cu含量的增加,合金微观组织由FCC和BCC混合组织转变为单一的FCC组织,组织形貌由树枝晶逐渐向等轴晶转变,且在晶界形成大量的富Nb、Mo初生相。随着Cu含量的增加,在10%的HNO_3溶液中合金的腐蚀速率先减小后增大,其中Cu_(0.1)Cr_2Fe_2Ni_3Mn_2Nb_(0.4)Mo_(0.2)合金具有最好的耐腐蚀性能。原因在于该合金的自钝化区间最宽,更容易在HNO_3溶液中形成致密度较高的钝化膜,从而有效减缓溶液对合金的侵蚀作用,降低合金的腐蚀速率。     

激光烧结制备CrFeNiAlSiCux多孔高熵合金组织与性能

在Cr、Fe、Ni、Al、Si纯粉末中添加非等摩尔比的Cu元素混合后压制成坯,采用激光自蔓延烧结制备CrFeNiAlSiCux（x=0-1.2）高熵合金。通过OM、XRD、SEM和EDS、维氏显微硬度计、磨粒磨损机及电化学工作站进行表征,分析物相结构、显微组织、密度和孔隙率、硬度、耐磨及耐蚀性能。结果表明：合金中BCC和FCC两相共存,随着Cu元素添加,FCC相增多,但BCC相仍多于FCC相,合金是典型树枝晶组织并伴有许多菊花状的组织,菊花状组织主要含有Cr、Fe、Si、Ni元素,枝晶间组织主要含有Cu元素。CrFeNiAlSiCu0.4综合性能最佳,显微硬度最大,为908.68 HV,单位面积磨损量最小,为48 mg·cm-2,腐蚀电流最小,为0.4100 μA/cm-2,腐蚀电位最大,为-149.264 mV。     

Al含量对Al_xCoCrFeNi系高熵合金组织和耐蚀性能的影响

通过真空电弧熔炼方法制备Al_xCoCrFeNi系高熵合金(HEAs,x=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0),分析了不同Al含量对合金物相组成和显微组织的影响,同时研究了合金在模拟海水中的耐蚀性能。结果表明:Al_xCoCrFeNi系高熵合金均由简单的FCC或BCC相组成,无脆性金属间化合物相生成;当x=0.5时,合金主要为FCC相;随着Al含量的增加,合金相结构由FCC相向BCC相转变,显微组织由树枝晶向等轴晶转变,并且逐渐细化;Al_xCoCrFeNi系高熵合金的腐蚀是典型的点蚀机制,随Al含量的增加,HEAs在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性变差,主要是由于合金中富Ni、Al的有序BCC相的析出与其余相形成了大量的微观腐蚀电池,使得有序BCC相严重侵蚀。因此,降低Al含量有利于提高Al_xCoCrFeNi系高熵合金的耐蚀性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.