TB6药型罩锻造过程的织构模拟及与铜和钽锻造的对比

本文模拟了药型罩用TB6钛合金在不同锻造工艺下的织构形成规律,并利用钽与铜的模拟结果对比。首先通过有限元方法模拟分析了TB6钛合金四方拔长过程中不同部位温度、等效应力和等效应变的差异,之后利用VPSC(粘塑性自洽模型)模拟不同材料锻造工艺下的织构演变规律并进行对比分析。结果表明,体心立方β相和钽中心织构与边部存在较大的不均匀性,面心立方铜织构类型波动较小;多边拔长有利于弱化四方拔长过程中产生的平行于轴向的{110}强织构;压缩型织构在以后的拔长过程中依旧可以保留。     

AZ91镁合金热轧退火过程中的织构演变

将具有随机初始织构的工业 AZ91镁合金在450°C 进行均匀化热处理。经热处理后,合金中出现弱的{0001}-{1010}-{1120}三重纤维织构。经400°C热轧后,合金的变形织构是典型的(0001)基面,其基极沿轧制方向分裂。在450°C 退火36 h后,其残余变形织构中的基极沿基面分布更均匀,没有出现晶粒的异常长大。     

AZ31镁合金在以孪生主导的塑性变形中力学行为的模拟（英文）

从实验和黏塑性自洽(VPSC)模拟两个方面定量分析具有织构的AZ31镁合金中孪晶数量及其与应力-应变曲线的关系。沿着两个不同的方向进行压缩以启动{1012}拉伸或者{1011}压缩孪生。{1012}拉伸孪晶在塑性变形的初始阶段形核并且长大到完全吞并母体。当沿着法向压缩时,{1011}孪生和{1011}-{1012}二次孪生在应变量为0.05时开始启动,并且这些孪晶的数量一直增加直到材料断裂,即应变量大于0.15。当沿着横向压缩应变量为0.06时,也会启动{1011}孪生和{1011}-{1012}二次孪生,然后在已经完全发生{1012}孪生的晶粒中大量启动。应用适当的参数,VPSC模型可以准确地判断拉伸孪晶、压缩孪晶和二次孪晶的启动和流动应力以及变形织构。从模拟中可以看出,孪生和滑移具有相同的硬化参数。     

新型高强铝合金高温平面压缩与退火微观组织和织构

采用热力模拟平面压缩实验和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)组织分析测试方法,研究了新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金热压缩变形以及退火微观组织和织构。结果表明,在变形温度为350℃,应变速率为0.1 s~(-1)的条件下,合金微观组织演变机理为动态回复和大应变几何动态再结晶,出现旋转立方织构{001}110和黄铜织构{111}110,分别沿着α-取向线和β-取向线分布;退火后旋转立方织构减少,黄铜织构增多,旋转立方织构沿着α-取向线向黄铜织构转变。在变形温度为420℃,应变速率为0.1 s~(-1)的条件下,合金变形组织较均匀,再结晶晶粒分布在变形剧烈的晶界或三角晶界处,出现的织构种类主要有旋转立方织构{110}110、黄铜型{011}211织构;退火过程中发生亚动态再结晶,旋转立方织构强度增强,黄铜型{011}211织构有向高斯织构方向移动的趋势。     

锻造工艺对Ti-6Al-4V合金热处理后组织及取向演化的影响

采用光学显微镜和背散射电子衍射技术研究不同锻造工艺下Ti-6Al-4V合金热处理后组织和取向的演化规律。结果表明:在单向镦拔、换向镦拔两种锻造方式下,大变形区、小变形区及难变形区的组织均匀性基本一致,但对α相织构的组分和分布产生显著影响;单向镦拔的小变形区和难变形区应变积累少,主要以{0001}基面滑移,形成基面织构,大变形区应变积累多,主要为{1120}和{1010}等柱面织构;而换向镦拔的不同区域织构组分较多且分布随机性较大;此外,两种锻造方式均能改善Ti-6Al-4V合金中α相的取向均匀性和织构集中,但换向镦拔优于单向镦拔。     

电工钢中柱状晶尺寸及退火工艺对{100}织构的影响

利用EBSD技术研究了电工钢中不同的柱状晶尺寸及退火工艺下{100}织构的演变规律.结果表明,初始晶粒尺寸的影响最显著.细小柱状晶热轧后经过常化处理,组织已均匀,但中心层有强{100}织构.粗大柱状晶中{100}织构的遗传性强,常化及中间退火后,中心层仍有粗大的以{100}取向为主的晶粒;脱碳退火后才能完成组织均匀化和织构梯度的弱化.常化时的升温速度也对织构演变存在影响,低的升温速度有利于{100}织构的保留,但升温速度的影响没有初始晶粒尺寸及退火次数的影响显著.细小柱状晶样品经过热轧及三次退火工艺适合制备取向电工钢.     

DC04钢冷轧退火过程中的组织及织构演变

采用光学显微镜观察及电子背散射衍射对DC04钢热轧卷取、冷轧、退火阶段的显微组织,钢板全厚度区域以及不同厚度层的织构类型及含量进行了分析。结果表明,热轧卷取样品各类型织构均较弱,{111}112、{111}110两种织构在不同厚度层含量变化不明显,而{112}110、{001}110两种织构的含量呈现由表层到中心方向递增趋势,且表层与中心织构含量差异明显。冷轧过程中,不同厚度层{112}110、{001}110两种织构含量的差异逐渐缩小。冷轧后,试验钢中{111}112、{111}110、{112}110、{001}110这4种织构均有所增强。退火过程中,试验钢中的{112}110、{001}110织构不断向{111}112、{111}110织构转化。退火后,{111}112、{111}110织构明显增强,各织构组分在不同厚度层的分布较为均匀。     

AZ31镁合金板材变路径压缩对力学性能影响EI北大核心CSCD

室温下,对AZ31镁合金轧制板材依次沿轧向(RD)、横向(TD)和法向(ND)压缩,依据压缩路径的不同,分别对应RD、RD-ND、RD-TD和RD-TD-ND 4种压缩方式,分析上述压缩过程镁合金的力学性能和织构变化,并对上述压缩变形后的镁合金分别进行室温沿RD方向拉伸变形,分析不同压缩变形方式对拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明:RD-TD压缩过程中对应的}2110{-}2110{二次孪晶大幅度提高屈服强度,试样经RD-TD压缩后产生强烈的}1110{锥面织构和}0110{柱面织构。镁合金经RD方向压缩后,在后续的RD方向拉伸变形中}2110{解孪晶的启动明显提高塑性。     

初始织构对差厚板非均匀塑性变形的影响（英文）

CR340轧制差厚板(TRB)在轧制过程中,其不同的厚度区形成了不同的织构,分别是薄区的{111}011和{141}212织构,过渡区的{225}110和{211}011织构,厚区的{876}225和{411}011织构。根据EBSD测试结果,建立了各厚度区的多晶体塑性有限元模型,研究了单向拉伸时各厚度区的晶粒织构对滑移系开动情况和应力应变分布的影响规律。结果表明,薄区的{111}011织构和厚区的{876}225织构有利于滑移系的开动,开动的数量分别为9和8组,这使得等厚区在变形中的应力集中弱化,具有良好的塑性变形行为。而过渡区的{225}110、{211}011织构的晶粒滑移系开动较少,开动的数量分别为6和7组,导致应力集中,其塑性变形行为较差。差厚板各厚度区织构的差异导致其塑性变形呈现明显的不均匀性,其断裂位置发生在单轴拉伸时塑性变形较差的过渡区。     

AZ31镁合金板材变路径压缩对力学性能影响

室温下,对AZ31镁合金轧制板材依次沿轧向(RD)、横向(TD)和法向(ND)压缩,依据压缩路径的不同,分别对应RD、RD-ND、RD-TD和RD-TD-ND 4种压缩方式,分析上述压缩过程镁合金的力学性能和织构变化,并对上述压缩变形后的镁合金分别进行室温沿RD方向拉伸变形,分析不同压缩变形方式对拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明:RD-TD压缩过程中对应的}2110{-}2110{二次孪晶大幅度提高屈服强度,试样经RD-TD压缩后产生强烈的}1110{锥面织构和}0110{柱面织构。镁合金经RD方向压缩后,在后续的RD方向拉伸变形中}2110{解孪晶的启动明显提高塑性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.