复杂应力路径下饱和砂土静态液化失稳预测

饱和砂土应力-应变关系具有各向异性和状态相关特性,因此其静态液化的触发与应力路径密切相关.现有文献已提出多种静态液化判别准则,但其准确性往往仅在三轴应力路径下被进行校验.对于涉及主应力方向旋转和不同中主应力比的复杂应力路径,现有判别准则是否可以准确预测静态液化的触发有待进一步验证.为此,基于状态相关各向异性砂土本构模型...     

振动荷载下饱和砂土液化区的发展

本文以两相介质理论为基础 ,将饱和砂土简化为一维情况 ,对饱和砂土液化区的范围做了一些理论探讨。结果表明 ,液化区扩展随时间而逐渐变缓 ,且固相密度越大 ,发展越慢 ,而dp/dn越大 ,则液化区扩展越快。     

用人工神经网络预测饱和砂土的液化势

介绍了预测饱和砂土的液化势的人工神经网络法，结合工程实例详细阐述了该方法的建模、预测结果与实测值较为吻合，表明在工程抗震中运用这一方法的有效性。     

浅析饱和砂土液化机理及其判别方法

论述砂土液化的机理,并通过工程实例分析液化的判定和评价方法。     

垂向荷载作用下饱和砂土的液化分析

 博士学位论文摘要　在对近40 a 来关于饱和砂土液化的研究工作调研的基础上, 就垂向荷载作用下饱和砂土液化问题, 进行了一维应变分析, 得到了垂向荷载作用下, 饱和砂土液化的发展过程以及砂土液化区域的扩展过程这两方面的特性。首先, 在固结仪上对往复荷载作用下有侧限的饱和砂土的本构关系进行了系列实验。实验材料包括松散细砂、密实细砂、松散粗砂(分别代表不同密实度和不同颗粒粒径构成的砂土) 。实验过程中, 加卸载路径有等幅的情况, 也有任意的情况。根据实验数据给出了用双曲线表述的应力2应变关系。这种形式的表述, 既避免了用切线模量形式表述的困难, 又解决了用对数形式表述的不能用于有效应力接近于零的问题; 而且形式简单, 又便于应用。接着, 考虑到砂土液化是孔隙水和骨架相互作用的结果, 将饱和砂土作为固液两相连续介质, 建立了垂向荷载作用时饱和砂土的一维应变动力学模型。该模型考虑了孔隙率的变化, 将骨架作为弹塑性材料, 且将渗透率与孔隙率的变化相联系, 使其与实际情况尽可能符合; 同时考虑在一般振动条件下的压力范围内, 可以忽略颗粒和孔隙水的压缩性, 使模型更简洁。然后, 在上述本构及动力学模型的基础上, 对饱和砂土的变形和液化发展进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明, 垂向振动对饱和砂土的液化发展有显著的影响。在垂向振动作用下, 砂土首先在外载作用端产生局部区域的液化, 然后液化区逐渐向远处扩展, 且由于阻力的影响, 扩展速度随着液化区厚度的不断增长而逐渐减小。砂土骨架的可压缩性越大, 即砂土的初始切线模量越小、初始极限应变越大以及初始孔隙率越大, 则砂土的液化发展越快; 外载强度越高, 即外载幅值和频率越大, 砂土的液化发展越快; 砂土的渗流性越小, 排水越困难, 即初始渗透率越小, 砂土的液化发展越快。由此可认识到, 饱和砂土液化实际上是骨架和孔隙水相互作用的结果; 骨架为了抵抗外部扰动将产生压缩趋势, 从而挤压孔隙水, 力图使孔隙水排出,如果孔隙水难以排出, 两种介质的变形就出现不协调; 这就会导致骨架结构破坏、失去承载能力, 即饱和砂土发生液化。这些结果表明, 垂向荷载对饱和砂土液化的影响不可忽略。     

广州地铁砂土层液化判别

在广州地铁工程砂土地震液化判别过程中,考虑了地铁结构与液化土层的相互作用。通过大量的现场实验、室内动三轴实验,总结了水平场地、区间、车站土层液化分布情况和液化特点;为了提高液化判别精度,进一步详细地对比和检验了现场和室内的判别结果,分析了液化土层与结构的空间相对位置以及结构对液化势的影响,所采用的多参数和多手段的液化判别技术为合理的抗液化设计提供帮助。     

广州地区饱和砂土液化判定方法研究

结合广州某饱和砂土液化场地的工程实例,提出了结合规范法和Seed简化分析法进行综合判定的方法,指出该方法既考虑了两种方法的优点,又保留了一定的安全储备,并且具有较好的工程适用性。     

饱和砂土地震液化及治理措施

饱和的砂土本文从饱和砂土振动液化的机理、影响因素、液化效应及治理措施等几个方面进行了分析和介绍。     

饱和砂土液化判别的工程应用分析

分析了饱和砂土液化判别在工程应用中,受地面整平标高、粘粒含量影响的情况,分析对比了场地标高、粘粒含量的改变对液化指数的影响,指出在判别过程中应该准确了解场地的整平标高、粘粒含量,使饱和砂土液化判别更趋经济性、合理性.     

地震砂土液化机理及其判别方法研究综述

列举出由于砂土液化对工程建筑及人民生命财产所造成的不利影响,并探讨了地震力作用下饱和砂土的液化机理,对国内外判别液化的方法及液化机理和研究现状做了归纳和评述,为砂土液化研究和治理提供了必要的理论依据。     

初始剪应力对饱和粉土液化特性影响试验研究

为探寻饱和粉土的液化特性,利用GDS空心圆柱仪进行了一系列循环扭剪试验。在初始剪应力τs和循环剪应力τcy共同作用下,试样的最小剪应力τmin=τs-τcy存在3种类型:τmin0,τmin=0和τmin0。试验结果表明:当τmin≤0时,试样的孔压可以达到有效围压,其破坏模式为循环液化;当τmin0时,试样的孔压始终达不到有效围压,其破坏模式为过大的累计应变。饱和粉土的循环强度随着初始剪应力τs与初始有效平均主应力0p′之比值SSR(初始剪应力比)的增加呈现出先减小后增大变化趋势,且SSR=0.1~0.15时的循环强度最低。当SSR≤0.1时,孔压比的发展模式随着循环剪应力比的增加由"快—平稳—急剧"的增长模式向"快—平稳"的增长模式转变;当SSR0.1时,孔压比的发展呈现"快—平稳"的增长模式。     

Modeling the static liquefaction of unsaturated sand containing gas bubbles

As a modification of the deviatoric hardening plasticity model, a material state-dependent model was proposed to simulate the response of unsaturated sand containing gas bubbles under undrained triaxial conditions. Affected by the compressibility of gas, the stress paths under undrained conditions approach the drained response of sand when the initial degree of saturation is low. Upon an increase in the degree of saturation, the stress path gradually approaches the saturated undrained response. According to the prediction based on the second-order work criterion, static liquefaction occurs in loose sand, but not in dense sand. Increases in the degree of saturation and the initial gas pressure reduce the stress ratio at the instability points. The instability line obtained by connecting those instability points in the p-q space is nonlinear, and its slope depends on the initial void ratio, the initial degree of saturation, the initial gas pressure, and the confining stress. After comparing the experimental results in the literature with the theoretical prediction, the proposed model was shown to precisely predict the onset of the static liquefaction of unsaturated sand containing gas bubbles.     

Effects of induced anisotropy on multiple liquefaction properties of sand with initial static shear

The multiple liquefaction phenomenon has been attracting the attention of more and more researchers and engineers since the 2010–2011 Christchurch Earthquakes and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. However, little has been known about the multiple liquefaction properties of sloped grounds. In this study, therefore, multiple liquefaction tests that consider the initial static shear stress, which have never been conducted before, were carried out with a special designed apparatus, the stacked-ring shear apparatus. A series of multiple liquefaction tests revealed that induced anisotropy, which is weak against the loading opposite to the direction of the initial static shear stress, was produced by the liquefaction of a sloped ground. As a result, a significant decrease in the liquefaction resistance during the next cyclic of shearing occurred. The indicators which influenced the magnitude of anisotropy were also discussed from the perspective of the reconsolidation procedures, the magnitude of initial static shear stress, and the type of ending of the previous liquefaction stage. In addition, it turned out that in the multiple liquefaction test with a larger initial static shear stress, the re-liquefaction resistance was higher because the shear stress opposite to the direction of the initial static shear stress, causing large negative dilatancy due to anisotropy, was smaller in that test.     

砂土中主应力与内摩擦角统一关系研究

提出了一种适用于砂土的各向异性破坏准则,该准则能够反映不同砂土各向异性破坏特性,其参数可以根据某些特定应力区的三轴压缩和三轴拉伸试验结果获得,即根据强度比值确定。为了考虑不同应力区内的中主应力对内摩擦角的影响,提出了广义中主应力系数和广义内摩擦角的概念和表达式,并且建立了基于一种各项异性破坏准则的内摩擦角和中主应力系数的统一显示表达式。通过对一些真三轴试验结果预测,结果表明所提出的摩擦表达式能够整体上描述各向异性砂土的中主应力系数对内摩擦角的影响。     

复杂应力条件下饱和珊瑚砂各向异性试验研究

各向异性是珊瑚砂的固有属性.对饱和南沙珊瑚砂开展了一系列不排水单向剪切试验,探究了固结应力方向角α0和单向加载方向角αm对饱和珊瑚砂不排水反应的影响.α0和αm对饱和珊瑚砂的不排水反应均有显著影响,且α0与αm的耦合作用对其不排水反应的影响更为复杂.对所有试验的应力条件,饱和珊瑚砂的超静孔压ue均呈现出先增大后减小的趋...     

Static liquefaction behavior of saturated fiber-reinforced sand in undrained ring-shear tests

The problem of static liquefaction of sand is nowadays a classical soil mechanics subject. Using a ring-shear apparatus, we explore the possibility of fiber reinforcement as a new method to improve the liquefaction resistance of sand. In order to understand the effect of the fiber content and sand density on the static liquefaction behavior of fiber-reinforced sand, a series of undrained ring-shear tests were carried out on saturated samples with different fiber content and sand density, and the test results and mechanisms of fiber reinforcement were then analyzed. The results indicate that the undrained shear behavior of fiber-reinforced loose samples is not greatly influenced by the presence of fiber, but for medium dense and dense samples, the presence of fiber clearly affects their undrained behavior. Untreated specimens showed a continuous decrease in shear resistance after failure, while the specimens treated with fiber showed fluctuations even after shear failure, and these fluctuations become stronger with increasing fiber content. The peak shear strength increases with the fiber content, especially in dense specimens. After shearing, all the fiber-reinforced and untreated dense samples maintained structural stability, while the unreinforced loose samples showed a completely collapse of structure. The presence of fibers may thus limit or even prevent the occurrence of lateral spreading that is often observed in unreinforced sand.     

主应力方向对饱和松砂不排水单调剪切特性影响的试验研究

利用大连理工大学新开发的“土工静力–动力液压–三轴扭转多功能剪切仪”,针对相对密度为30%的福建标准砂,在不排水条件下控制试验过程中主应力方向、中主应力系数、平均主应力保持不变,进行了单调剪切试验。以此着重探讨了主应力方向对有效内摩擦角、有效应力路径及应力-应变关系的影响。研究表明,主应力方向对在不排水条件下饱和松砂的单调剪切特性具有显著影响。     

剪切波速在评估地基饱和砂层地震液化可能性中的应用

对利用“门槛剪切波速”作为初判手段的起源 ,及用现场剪切波速校正室内试验“初始液化”动剪应力幅比的功能 ,进行了论述。对是否有“临界剪切波速”和“临界动剪应变幅”等问题 ,进行了讨论。最后提出了笔者的看法。