柔性纤维结构超级电容器研究进展

为了提高电源器件与人体高曲率表面的适配性,电源器件突破平板结构的限制,衍生出了柔性纤维结构。柔性纤维超级电容器具有高功率密度、超长循环寿命和柔性舒适等特点有望成为最具前景的柔性可穿戴电源之一。因此,本文主要介绍了碳材料、过渡金属氧化物以及复合材料三种功能材料对柔性纤维超级电容器结构和性能的影响。每种材料凭借自身独特的性质在柔性纤维超级电容器器件中发挥着重要作用,并助力可穿戴电源器件的发展。     

纤维基柔性超级电容器研究进展

介绍了纤维基柔性超级电容器工作原理;详述了不同类型纤维基柔性超级电容器的构成、性能和特点;并展望了纤维基柔性超级电容器未来的研究方向和趋势。根据组装方式的不同,纤维基超级电容器主要可分为并列型、扭转型、缠绕型、同轴型和轧制型。并列型纤维基超级电容器制备简便,但能量存储性能受到限制,兼容性差;扭转型和缠绕型纤维基超级电容器具有较高电极间离子交换效率,操作简便,耐久性相对较差;同轴型纤维基超级电容器制备过程相对复杂,具有较高的电容性能和结构强度;轧制型纤维基超级电容器制备简便,能够提高组装器件的储能性能,但对于制备材料的要求较高。相比其他类型超级电容器,同轴型纤维基超级电容器具有更高的比容量和电化学性能,与织物的结合能力更加优异,将成为制备柔性储能器件和智能纺织品的主要纤维基超级电容器。     

超级电容器用炭基电极材料的研究进展

介绍了超级电容器的炭基电极材料：活性炭、活性炭纤维、炭气凝胶、碳纳米管和模板炭,总结了其最新研究进展。目前,研究较多的是活性炭、碳纳米管和模板炭。炭材料的孔结构、内阻和电解液的种类等都是影响超级电容器性能的关键因素,超级电容器要实现大规模应用还需解决许多问题。     

超级电容器中石墨烯基复合电极材料研究进展

主要介绍了石墨烯与多种过渡金属氧化物构筑的复合材料在超级电容器方面的研究进展,其中列举了最为常见的金属氧化物如氧化锌、氧化镍、二氧化锰、氧化钴等。从各种复合材料的制备方法、电化学性能等方面进行了阐述和说明。     

CNTs基柔性和可拉伸超级电容器的研究进展

从超级电容器的储能机理和柔性电子的研究出发,综述了基于碳纳米管(CNTs)及其复合材料的柔性和可拉伸超级电容器的研究现状。总结了近年来在开发柔性和可拉伸超级电容器领域中对CNTs直接电极材料,CNTs与过渡金属氧化物或导电聚合物复合电极材料,CNTs与石墨烯复合电极材料研究的进展。     

改性碳纳米管用于超级电容器电极的研究进展

综述了近年国内外碳纳米管电极改性方法的最新研究进展,包括表面修饰、掺杂及改变CNTs的形状等.通过丰富CNTs表面的官能团,产生可使其他离子通过的壁缺陷及扩大CNTs层间距离,削减钠离子运动阻力等方法,提高超级电容器的储能能力及循环稳定性.值得注意的是,碳纳米管电极材料虽然可以提高超级电容器的电容,有巨大的应用前景,但...     

石墨烯超级电容器的研究进展及其应用

综述了石墨烯超级电容器的研究进展,包括石墨烯的制备、改性、与赝电容电极材料的复合,石墨烯超级电容器特殊结构的设计、电解液的选择、柔性超级电容器的制备等。在石墨烯超级电容器的实际应用中,主要介绍了石墨烯的生产现状、超级电容器的厂家及应用情况,并指出未来超级电容器的应用重点将从消费电子逐渐向混合动力电动车和新能源领域转移。     

超级电容器炭基电极材料研究进展

电极是超级电容器的关键部件，电极材料的性能对电容器的电容特性起着关键作用。本文综述了超级电容器的各种炭基电极材料的研究现状以及其发展趋势，通过对各种炭材料的改性和炭材料复合能有效的提高电容器的电容特性。     

Electrochemical properties of MnO2/CNT nanocomposite in neutral aqueous electrolyte as cathode material for asymmetric supercapacitors

A MnO₂/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite was synthesised using a simple hydrothermal treatment. The nanocomposite exhibits a CNT core/MnO₂ porous sheath hierarchy architecture, which makes it promising as an electrode material for supercapacitors. An asymmetric supercapacitor based on activated carbon (AC) as anode, MnO₂/CNT nanocomposite as cathode and 1M Na₂SO₄ solution as electrolyte was assembled in a Swagelok cell. The full cell exhibits excellent power capability, cycling stability and a high energy density of 23 W h/kg at a power density of 330 W/kg based on the total mass of the active electrode materials. This AC//MnO₂/CNT asymmetric supercapacitor is promising for high-power applications due to its high energy density and power density.     

Material advancements in supercapacitors: From activated carbon to carbon nanotube and graphene

The electrochemical capacitor (EC), also known as supercapacitor, is an energy storage device possessing a near infinite life‐cycle and high power density recognised to store energy in the double‐layer or through pseudocapacitance as a result of an applied potential. Fundamental principles of charge storage in relation to the important physical and chemical characteristics of electrode materials are addressed in the following review, with carbon‐made electrodes, specifically activated carbon, carbon fibres and aerogels, carbon nanotubes and graphene emphasised in regards to their enhancement of the characteristic energy and power densities of ECs. Pseudocapacitive materials, notably transition metal oxides and nitrides, and conducting polymers are remarked by the potential to further improve EC performance through synergistic effects and asymmetric design. Research towards gaining a better understanding of charge storage in sub‐micropores, material design and improving the performance of alternative electrolytes are expected to greatly enhance the capabilities of these devices in the near future.     

超级电容器碳基材料研究的进展

超级电容器是一种介于传统电容器和蓄电池之间的储能装置,其以功率密度大,充电速度快,工作温度范围宽,循环使用寿命长和绿色环保等优点,被世界各国广泛关注。通过对超级电容器新型碳电极材料的最新研究进展进行介绍,展望了超级电容器的发展前景,认为超级电容器将不仅对全球性能源问题有着重大突破,还将会带来巨大的经济效益。     

20 V stack of aqueous supercapacitors with carbon (−), titanium bipolar plates and CNT‐polypyrrole composite (+)

A 20 V stack of 19 supercapacitors was fabricated from titanium bipolar plates (150 × 150 × 0.1 mm³) coated on each side with carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole composite (+) and pigment carbon black (?), and microporous polymeric separators containing aqueous KCl. Internal sealing of each cell in the stack was achieved by placing a silicone rubber washer between neighboring bipolar plates. The stack was tested by high voltage cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging and discharging, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It approached 25 kW/kg in maximum specific power and 3.64 Wh/kg in specific energy. Performance of the stack through intermittent charging‐discharging tests in a storage period of 10 months (still ongoing) remained fairly stable. For example, it exhibited almost zero decay in capacitance after 1000 continuous galvanostatic charging‐discharging cycles in the first month of storage (10 V), and less than 6% loss in the seventh month (19 V). © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

碳纳米材料化学镀镍的研究进展

综述了化学镀镍的基本原理和工艺,详细介绍了碳纳米管、碳纤维、石墨烯化学镀镍的研究进展和发展现状,并总结了碳纳米材料化学镀镍存在的问题和未来的发展趋势。     

超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

超级电容器是一种介于电池和传统电容器的一种新的储能器件,也叫电化学超级电容器。介绍了目前国内外的超级电容器电极材料的研究现状以及展望,如碳材料、金属氧化物、导电聚合物。     

碳基材料复合半导体光催化剂的制备及应用研究进展

半导体光催化剂被广泛地应用于光催化领域,但其常因自身的禁带宽度较大、量子效率较低、催化效率较低、与反应物接触几率较低等因素在实际应用中受到诸多限制。而碳基材料作为一类结构稳定的新材料,具有稳定性强、导电能力强、比表面积大、包含大量的吸附位点等特性,与光催化剂复合之后,能够有效减小其禁带宽度、降低其载流子的复合率并为其提供更多的吸附位点,很大程度上提高了光催化剂的光催化性能。该文章以石墨烯、碳纳米管、富勒烯以及碳纤维等碳材料与各类半导体光催化剂复合为例,综述了碳基材料与光催化剂复合的工艺、提高其光催化性能的机理、影响碳基材料改性程度的因素及其在产氢、杀菌等方面的应用,并且对其进行了展望。     

Nano graphene porous/conductive polymer as a composite material for energy storage in supercapacitors

This research studies the improving effects of graphene porous (GP) on the supercapacitive performance of a polyaniline/graphene porous (PANI/GP) nanocomposite. GP nanosheets were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition, and PANI/GP was electrochemically composited through successive cyclic voltammetry. The samples were characterized by fast Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) techniques. Porous GP nanosheets were uniformly dispersed in the composite structure. Furthermore, the electrochemical performances of the synthesized samples were compared using galvanostatic charge/discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Incorporating GP into the PANI significantly increased specific capacitance from 276 (in PANI) to 577 F/g (in PANI/GP). The electrochemical stability of electrodes was compared during 1000 successive charge/discharge cycles. After 1000 cycles, PANI/GP kept 90% of its initial capacitance, and only 25% of the charge storage capacitance of bare PANI remained.     

固态柔性超级电容器构筑及其材料的研究进展

传统的超级电容器因柔性差、安全性低等问题无法满足可穿戴电子产品的需求。基于此,固态柔性超级电容器应运而生,以其独特的柔性、延展性和高安全性等特点引起了众多学者的关注。本文首先简要介绍了固态柔性超级电容器的研究意义,总结了其主要的组成结构,并指出二维叉指超级电容器适用于微型电子器件,一维线型超级电容器具有更好的柔性和适应性。然后重点概述了固态柔性超级电容器用电极材料和电解质材料的研究进展,并对其现存问题进行探讨,指出该领域进一步发展的关键技术是如何提高电极的容量性能和循环稳定性以及电解质材料的力学性能、导电性和电化学稳定窗口。