分布式视频编码关键技术及研究进展

系统地阐述了分布式视频编码(distributed video coding,DVC)技术框架的基本原理和近五年的发展历程;列举了国内外多个研究小组的基本思想研究现状;分析了分布式视频编码技术的发展趋势;揭示了技术的关键和研究热点;展望了该技术在信息安全、可伸缩编码、多描述编码以及光场编码中的应用前景.     

分布式视频编码技术研究进展

介绍了分布式视频编码与传统视频编码方法思路的不同及各自适用的应用场景,阐述了分布式视频编码的理论基础和目前普遍采用的编解码框架,分析了分布式视频编码中的Wyner-Ziv编解码器设计、辅助边信息生成、虚拟"相关信道"建模等几项关键技术存在的问题及各自解决方案的最新研究进展,最后总结了分布式视频编码的发展与研究方向,并介绍了分布式编码在视频领域的其它应用.     

基于可伸缩视频编码的率失真优化编码算法*

可伸缩视频编码（SVC）可实现视频流空间、时间和信噪比的完全伸缩,但在差错信道上传输容易引起误差扩散,为此提出一种基于SVC的率失真优化编码算法。该算法在分析了差错信道下传输可伸缩视频流误差扩散失真的基础上,在率失真优化模型中引入时间和信噪比分级的误差分级参数,并根据信道状态自适应地确定宏块编码模式。该算法能够有效地抑制误码在各分层的扩散,提高了可伸缩视频流的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,算法与以往的算法相比具有更好的抗误码性能,适合视频数据在差错信道上的传输。     

完全可伸缩视频编码的实现

提出了一种完全可伸缩视频编码的实现方法。给出了一种采用运动补偿时域滤波、二维离散小波变换和EZW编码的可伸缩编码方案,方案根据视频图像运动特征自适应选择图组结构,在将时间、空间、质量三方面的伸缩性有机地结合的同时,改进了完全可伸缩视频编码系统性能。最后给出了该方案的实验结果,表明了系统的有效性。     

Arbitrary ROI-based wavelet video coding

This paper presents a novel arbitrary shape region of interest (ROI) coding for scalable wavelet video codec. The motion information of the ROIs is estimated by macroblock padding and polygon matching. The derived motion vectors are set as the motion trajectory of the samples to generate a one-dimensional temporal signal. This signal is then filtered to reduce the temporal redundancy using motion compensated temporal filtering for arbitrary shape ROI. Compared to traditional non-ROI coding, the reconstructed quality of the ROI coding can be significantly improved at low bit-rates. The efficiency of motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) based on arbitrary ROI is also compared with that of the video object coding in MPEG-4. Based on large number of experiments, the ability of the MCTF to reduce the temporal redundancy is demonstrated as better than (or at least comparable to) that of MPEG-4.     

水下视频图像高效编码算法

提出了一种水下视频图像高效压缩编码的算法。该算法主要由水下图像预处理、全局运动估计、全局运动与局部运动混合补偿三部分组成。图像预处理模块采用基于小波变换的方法,可以有效去除水下图像中的视觉冗余;全局运动估计采用基于特征点的快速、鲁棒估计算法;提出的全局运动与局部运动混合补偿方案简单易行。实验结果表明,提出的水下视频压缩算法在保证视觉质量的前提下,具有较高的压缩效率,特别适合于海底视频图像在甚低比特率下的压缩传输,以满足有限带宽水声信道的要求。     

Efficient video encryption scheme based on advanced video coding

A video encryption scheme combining with advanced video coding (AVC) is presented and analyzed in this paper, which is different from the ones used in MPEG1/2 video encryption. In the proposed scheme, the intra-prediction mode and motion vector difference are encrypted with the length-kept encryption algorithm (LKE) in order to keep the format compliance, and the residue data of the macroblocks are encrypted with the residue data encryption algorithm (RDE) in order to keep low cost. Additionally, a key distribution scheme is proposed to keep the robustness to transmission errors, which assigns sub-keys to different frames or slices independently. The encryption scheme’s security, time efficiency and error robustness are analyzed in detail. Experimental results show that the encryption scheme keeps file format unchanged, is secure against replacement attacks, is efficient in computing, and is robust to some transmission errors. These properties make it a suitable choice for real-time applications, such as secure IPTV, secure videoconference or mobile/wireless multimedia, etc.

Probabilistic motion-compensated prediction in distributed video coding

Distributed video coding (DVC) constitutes an original coding framework to meet the stringent requirements imposed by uplink-oriented and low-power mobile video applications. The quality of the side information available to the decoder and the efficiency of the employed channel codes are primary factors determining the success of a DVC system. This contribution introduces two novel techniques for probabilistic motion compensation in order to generate side information at the Wyner-Ziv decoder. The employed DVC scheme uses a base layer, serving as a hash to facilitate overlapped block motion estimation at the decoder side. On top of the base layer, a supplementary Wyner-Ziv layer is coded in the DCT domain. Both proposed probabilistic motion compensation techniques are driven by the actual correlation channel statistics and reuse information contained in the hash. Experimental results report significant rate savings caused by the novel side information generation methods compared to previous techniques. Moreover, the compression performance of the presented DVC architecture, featuring the proposed side-information generation techniques, delivers state-of-the-art compression performance.     

低码率下可扩展视频编码中的环路滤波改进

针对低码率的情况下效应比较严重的情况,提出在低码率下对环路滤波的一种改进的方法。对于空间基本层的环路滤波,采取与H.264/AVC兼容的环路滤波算法。但是对于空间增强层,特别是在低码率的情况下,加入一个对图像边界判断的算法,使其在滤波的时候,不会滤掉真实边界。与原来的算法相比,在低码率的情况下,码率有所降低,而且PSNR值也有增加,主观视觉上,也比原来的算法有提高。     

一种视频编码的码率控制改进算法

测试模型5(TMS)的位分配策略对基于图像序列编码的图像质量会造成一定影响。文中在分析测试模型的位分配策略的基础上,给出了一种改进的基于MPEG-2的位分配策略。该策略能够提高序列图像编码质量的平滑性,从而避免图像质量之间的失衡。模拟结果表明,改进的码率控制策略在一定程度上提高了图像的质量,同时还保持序列图像之间的平滑性而保持压缩比不变。     

Wavelet-based video coding with early-predicted zerotrees

The coding efficiency of DCT-based standard video codecs is significantly improved by the use of skipped macroblocks. A similar concept is proposed for zerotree-based wavelet video coders. In a pyramidal wavelet transform, the wavelet coefficients are linked through spatial orientation trees. For each transformed frame, a method is proposed to identify those trees that are likely to be zerotrees throughout the coding process at a given bit budget. These trees are called the early-predicted zerotrees. These trees are then excluded from the subsequent quantisation and encoding processes. The tree classification is based on average energy of coefficients in the tree. The proposed technique is general and can be applied to any zerotree-based coding algorithm, but it is more advantageous to improve the performance of those zerotree-based video coding algorithms that use longer trees, such as virtual set partitioning in hierarchical trees (V-SPIHT). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique can improve the performance of V-SPIHT-based video coder by up to 0.5 dB (on average) and can reduce the computational complexity by up to 80% (i.e. five times faster), for various test video sequences     

Phase-based side information generation in distributed video coding

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In distributed video coding, the quality of side information (SI) directly affects the final compression efficiency and rate-distortion performance. In the...     

分布式视频编码中关键帧编码方式的改进

在分布式视频编码中关键帧间的时间相关性没有被利用, 据此提出一种基于频带划分的关键帧编码模式的选择方法。关键帧经过DCT后得到的系数带划分为低频带和高频带, 低频带部分采用Wyner-Ziv编解码, 然后对高频带进一步进行编码模式的选择, 分别进行Wyner-Ziv编解码和传统的帧内编解码, 且在解码端完成编码模式的选择, 通过反馈信道向编码端传送编码模式的选择。仿真结果表明, 在不增加编码端复杂度的情况下, 所提出的方法改善了解码后视频的质量, 使系统的峰值信噪比（PSNR）提高约1~5 dB。     

Efficient depth coding in 3D video to minimize coding bitrate and complexity

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In three-dimensional video (3DV) coding, color videos and depth maps both need to be coded. Usually, two-channel coding method is used in the system of 3DV...     

Efficient compression and network adaptive video coding for distributed video surveillance

The availability of cheap network based video cameras and the prevalence of wireless networks has lead to a major thrust towards deployment of large scale Distributed Video Surveillance (DVS) systems. This has opened up an important area of research to deal with the issues involved in DVS system for efficient collection and transmission of large scale video streams from the cameras at the guarded sites, to the end users in possibly constrained network conditions. In this paper, we propose a framework based on content-based video classification and scalable compression scheme to provide a robust bandwidth efficient video transmission for DVS. The scheme builds on a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based Color-Set Partitioning for Hierarchical Trees (CSPIHT) coding to obtain a scalable bitstream. Wavelet domain segmentation and compression assists in development of a DVS architecture. The architecture includes a novel module for dynamic allocation of Network bandwidth based on the current available resources and constraints. Different frame constituents are optimally coded based on their relative significance, perceptual quality, and available estimate of network bandwidth. Experimental result over different video sequences and simulations for Network conditions demonstrate the efficient performance of the approach.     

基于分布式视频编码的井下传感器节点设计

煤矿井下的环境复杂,通信方式和通信范围受应用场景的约束性较大,在煤矿安全生产中引入无线多媒体传感器网络技术(WMSN)可以提高安全生产监管效率,在突发事件中为应急救援工作提供有力的信息指导。为此基于DISCOVER分布式视频编码(DVC)方案,设计了以S3C6410为主处理器芯片的视频传感器节点。给出了节点的硬件框图以及软件流程图。测试表明,该节点运行良好,可以对煤矿安全生产过程进行有效监控,在一定程度上预防煤矿事故的发生。     

基于depth-map和分布式视频编码的多视点视频传输方法

针对多视点视频传输系统数据量庞大的问题,提出一种基于深度图(depth-map)和分布式视频编码(DVC)的不等错误保护(UEP)传输方法。该方法首先基于多个视点提取深度图;然后,在传输过程中传输一个视点及其深度图;最后,经过网络传输,在解码端由一个视点图及其深度图生成其他视点。由于视点图和深度图在解码端的重要程度不同,对需要传输的视点图和深度图采用不同的分布式视频编码方法,进行不平等的错误保护。仿真实验结果表明,所提传输方法比传统的分布式多视点视频编码传输系统具有更好的抗误码性能,提高了传输可靠性,图像的峰值信噪比(PSNR)约提高1.5dB。