复杂光照下的视频人脸检测与识别的研究

为了解决复杂光照下的视频人脸检测与识别率受影响的问题,提出了一种光照不变的人脸检测与识别方法.该方法基于Retinex理论,提取光照不变分量,然后用于训练AdaBoost分类器;对输入的视频序列也进行相同的光照预处理,然后用训练的AdaBoost分类器进行人脸检测;把检测到的光照不变人脸图像采用分块加权LBP进行特征提取,采用欧氏距离与最近邻分类器进行分类.实验结果表明:该方法能有效提高视频人脸检测率与人脸识别率,而且对于人脸检测与识别只需要一次光照处理,具有更高的效率.     

基于Retinex算法的光照变化条件下人脸识别研究

光照变化会对人脸识别结果产生干扰,导致当前光照变化人脸识别结果不理想,为了降低光照变化对人脸识别结果的不利影响,以提高光照变化人脸识别效果,设计了基于Retinex算法的光照变化条件下人脸识别方法。采用激光传感器采集光照变化下的人脸图像,并对人脸进行格式转换,然后采用Retinex算法对转换后的人脸图像进行增强操作,消除光照变化对人脸图像干扰,改善人脸图像质量,最后采用模式识别技术设计人脸图像识别的分类器,并与其他人脸图像识别方法进行了对比测试。实验结果表明,本方法消除了不同光照变化的干扰,提高了人脸图像亮度、对比度和熵值,相对于对比方法,本方法的人脸识别精度更高,精度平均值达到了96%,而且加快了人脸识别速度,具有比较明显的优越性。     

一种基于Retinex和PCA的人脸图像识别方法

针对目前人脸识别算法在光照条件恶劣时识别精度较低的缺陷,提出一种基于Retinex和PCA的人脸图像识别方法.Retinex算法能够有效去除图像中光照恶劣导致的阴影,而PCA能够有效提取图像中有代表性的特征,从而使得快速准确的识别成为可能.在Yale和Yale B数据库上验证该算法的性能,结果证明,此算法简单快速,且具有较高的识别精度,是一种实用的人脸图像识别方法.     

面向人脸识别的复杂光照下图像细节增强算法

为了提高在光照过度、不足或不均等复杂光照条件下的人脸识别率,提出一种复杂光照条件的人脸图像细节强化算法。首先采用对数和非线性变换对人脸图像动态范围进行压缩;然后利用反锐化掩模滤波算法消除图像模糊,增强人脸图像细节信息;最后采用Adaboost算法建立人脸分类器,并采用Yale B人脸图像数据进行仿真测试。仿真结果表明,该算法解决了复杂光照条件对人脸图像的不利影响,并进一步提高了人脸识别率。     

小波变换和LBP对数域特征提取的人脸识别算法北大核心CSCD

为了改善复杂光照条件下人脸识别的性能,提出结合小波变换和LBP(Local Binary Pattern,LBP)提取复杂光照下人脸图像的对数域特征来进行人脸识别。本文首先将人脸图像由空域变换到对数域,再做两级离散小波分解,并利用高频分量重构原图,也即对人脸图像进行高通滤波,滤除低频光照成分,以达到复杂光照补偿的目的,最后利用分块LBP提取光照补偿后图像的局部纹理特征,并将这些特征应用于人脸识别。基于Yale-B和CMU-PIE人脸库上的实验结果显示本文算法对复杂光照具有较强鲁棒性,具备提取复杂光照条件下人脸图像有效特征的能力。     

基于小波域多尺度Retinex的复杂光照的人脸识别

针对Retinex模型在处理光照不均匀图像的不足,提出了组合小波域多尺度Retinex模型(DWT-MSR)和ICA识别方法,并将其用于不同光照下的人脸识别。在二维小波变换后的小波域中,将其低频小波系数变换到对数空间,使用三种不同的高斯滤波系数和对数空间中的小波系数进行卷积运算,将三种标准偏差尺度下得到的结果进行加权平均,采用gain/offset的方法,对输出图像进行灰度值线性拉伸;小波域中其他三种高频系数保持不变,然后再将变换后的低频系数和高频系数作小波反变换,得到的新图像则为小波域多尺度Retinex模型的处理结果,最后使用定点独立分量分析和神经网络进行分类识别。经实验证明,基于该模型的方法在处理不同光照下的人脸图像时,效果明显优于Grey,Hist,SSR,Embossing,MSR,Quotient等常见的光照处理方法。     

复杂光照条件下的多姿状鲁棒性人脸识别方法

为改善复杂光照条件下的多姿状鲁棒性人脸识别的效果,提出了小波变换与LBP的多姿状鲁棒性人脸识别方法。通过二维离散小波变换对人脸图像进行二级小波分解提取到低频特征信息分量,并以重构初始图像的方式实现降噪滤波处理,滤除低频光照分量后完成复杂光照补偿;继续分解复杂光照补偿后的图像,采用LBP算子对子图像的鲁棒性部分纹理特征进行描述后,提取出人脸图像各子图像的直方图特征并连接,得到人脸LBP纹理特征,通过统计法运算该特征距离,并通过K近邻分类器实现人脸特征分类识别。以Yale-B与AR人脸库为测试对象,结果表明,所研究方法对复杂光照鲁棒性较强,识别人脸的准确率与效率较高,整体识别效果较好。     

基于对数域光照预处理的低照视频人脸检测方法

在低照度条件下,视频人脸易受图像背景、明暗度和图像噪声等因素的影响,检测率不高的问题成为了视频监控中人脸检索与识别应用的主要难题。文章以低照条件下的视频监控为背景,设计了一种基于Retinex理论的对数域光照预处理方法,并采用低照度人脸图像和Adaboost分类检测器进行实验验证。实验结果表明该方法可以改善低照度下人脸检测的性能。     

考虑光照鲁棒性的超分辨率人脸识别系统设计

为保障不同光照下低分辨率人脸的超分辨率识别精度与效率,设计了考虑光照鲁棒性的超分辨率人脸识别系统。通过包含DSP单元与ARM单元的控制器模块,驱动人脸视频采集模块。采集不同复杂光照的人脸视频信息并解析成视频帧后,预估视频帧序列的位移情况,恢复视频帧序列的超分辨率,融合超分辨率视频帧构成人脸图像样本。利用人脸特征提取模块补偿全部人脸图像样本复杂光照,并提取其LBP特征构成人脸库。通过人脸识别模块匹配人脸图像的LBP特征与人脸库,识别出超分辨率人脸图像。结果表明,该系统的光照鲁棒性人脸图像采集与人脸图像LBP特征提取两部分的实现效果均较好。可有效识别出背光、强光及弱光下的超分辨率人脸,识别效率较高,识别成功率能够达到96.7%,为光照鲁棒性人脸识别提供保障。     

光照健壮人脸识别的低秩相对梯度直方图特征

为了进一步提升人脸梯度特征的光照健壮性,本文结合低秩分解能有效分离图像本质特征和噪声的特性,提出了一种光照健壮的低秩相对梯度直方图特征提取方法。首先,通过对人脸图像进行相对梯度运算获得了图像的相对梯度幅值图像和各像素的梯度方向信息。然后,为了去除相对梯度图像中由于非均匀光照而引入的光照边缘误差,利用低秩分解将相对梯度图像分解为低秩分量和稀疏噪声分量之和。最后,结合人脸图像的梯度方向信息对相对梯度图像的低秩分量进行离散化、滤波和局部二值模式编码形成了人脸的低秩相对梯度直方图特征。在经典的FE-RET子集以及具有代表性的YaleB和PIE光照子集上的实验显示：低秩相对梯度直方图特征的人脸识别性能显著优于相对梯度直方图特征、方向梯度幅值模式特征和图像低秩特征等方法的性能;在YaleB子集上,低秩相对梯度直方图特征的人脸识别精度比相对梯度直方图特征的人脸识别精度高至少4％。实验结果证明,低秩相对梯度直方图特征对光照变化,尤其是非均匀光照变化的人脸识别具有很强的健壮性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first