Nano-range mechanical characteristics of carnallite, spathic salt and sylvite

The authors discuss experimental nano-indentation results obtained on carnallite, spathic salt and sylvite grains on Dimension ICON scanning probe microscope, as well as comparative assessments of elasticity modulus and hardness of the minerals.     

Flotation of sylvite with dodecylamine and the effect of added long chain alcohols

In the potash production industry, sylvite is selectively floated from halite with the use of cationic collectors. Due to the high solubility of the KCl and NaCl minerals, the process has to be conducted in saturated brines of these salts and at very high collector concentration. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in this peculiar selective flotation process has progressed well in the recent years and is briefly discussed herein.Studies of the effect of the addition of long chain alcohols on the dodecylamine adsorption and flotation of KCl were undertaken and the results are presented. Potassium chloride flotation with dodecylamine was enhanced by the addition of hexyl and octyl alcohol with the best results in the concentration range of from 6 to 8 × 10⁻³ M. Decyl alcohol had a less effective influence on KCl floatability. The surface tension of dodecylamine solution as a function of KCl concentration and the lowering of the amine critical micelle concentration in KCl saturated solution were also studied and the role of the long chain alcohol addition on the flotation recovery of potassium chloride with dodecylamine is discussed.     

塔里木盆地西部钾盐成矿条件及远景评价

塔里木盆地西部是中国最重要和最有潜力的固体钾盐矿勘查区之一.本文通过对该地区莎车和库车两个次级坳陷盆地的钾盐成矿条件综合分析,提出塔里木盆地西部莎车盆地的成钾条件整体上优于库车盆地;K+含量、溴含量和溴氯系数与古地理和古盐度呈很好的相关性,元素地球化学特征与古地理、古盐度的耦合关系研究表明成钾有利区块往往位于深水泻湖区,且越接近海源的相带越有利于成钾.综合分析认为,莎车盆地的阔什塔什地区、吾合沙鲁,以及库车盆地大宛其地区具有优越的成钾条件,应为塔里木盆地固体钾盐矿勘查优选目标.     

花岗岩冲击力学特性及损伤演化模型

使用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对花岗岩进行不同应力波波长(0.8~2.0 m)和不同应变率(20~120 s-1)组合下的冲击试验,对其动态力学特性和损伤演化规律进行了研究。试验得出:花岗岩的动态抗压强度与应变率呈线性正相关,动态抗压强度因子与应变率的自然对数呈线性正相关;峰值应变与应变率呈线性正相关,且波长的增加使峰值应变水平整体抬升。通过多次冲击试验得出:在同一波长下,花岗岩的累积损伤随着应变率的增长呈指数型递增形式;当保持应变率范围不变的情况下,增大应力波波长,花岗岩的损伤累积效应加剧,依然呈指数型递增形式;在多次冲击作用下,花岗岩损伤整体发展趋势相似,但增长速率加快;并由此建立以指数函数为基础的损伤演化模型,确定出模型中参数物理意义,该模型能够同时能反映应力波参数和冲击次数影响。通过验证表明模型的合理性及参数物理意义的正确性。     

Comparative characterization of surface roughness of sylvite, spathic salt and carnallite gains in nanorange

The article considers statistical properties of surfaces of sylvite, spathic salt and carnallite grains in nanorange. The authors describe processed experimental data obtained on scanning microprobe Dimension ICON in nanorange for grains of the Upper Kama potassium and potash-magnesium rock salts. Fractal dimension determined by minimum cover method is used as a characteristic of the grain surface roughness. The authors find differences in statistic properties of one-dimension divergent cuts of the grain surfaces.     

二茂铁/钾盐超细颗粒气溶胶防治矿井火灾实验研究

以磷酸二氢钾KH2 PO4、二茂铁Fe(C5 H5)2、碳酸氢钾KHCO3为主料制备超细颗粒气溶胶用于矿井火灾防治效果研究,通过热分析(TG/DSC)、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)分析、电镜扫描(SEM)等微观测试手段,对气溶胶处理前后的煤样结构特性及燃烧特性进行分析.TG/DSC测试经KH2 PO4、Fe(C5 H...     

全长粘结式锚杆受力特性研究

目前,全长粘结式锚杆在各种岩土工程中已得到广泛应用,但由于其锚固机理和受力特性的复杂性,使得在设计和应用上还存在一定的局限性。为此,从研究全长粘结式锚杆和围岩的作用机理入手,深入探讨其锚固机理和受力情况,推导出了全长粘结式锚杆的径向及切向锚固力,进而为全长粘结式锚杆的设计和工程应用提供了参考依据,具有重要的理论与工程实际意义。     

Movement laws and mechanical characteristics of top coal in blasting face

Measuring the top coal movement and abutment pressure about Teaching Third Mine that belonged to the National Energy Investment and Development. It shows that the top coal’s strong compression occurs 6 m in front of the face, the top coal is in front of side abutment pressure concentration increase area at this time, and the top coal horizontal displacement increase rapidly. Also analyzed the top coal mechanical properties, and the top coal under abutment pressure turned into block state. Finally, analyzed the top coal failure mechanism and the structure of the mechanical model, and also made a theoretical analysis of the top coal’s ultimate bearing capacity.     

滑坡抗滑短桩的受力特性模拟研究

抗滑短桩是滑坡常用的治理措施之一,应用较为广泛,但其承载机理尚不清晰。采用FLAC3D模拟程序建立不同长度抗滑短桩加固滑坡的数值模型,分析滑坡模型变形特征以及抗滑短桩受力特性,进一步揭示抗滑短桩加固滑坡的受力特性。研究结果表明：（1）不同长度的抗滑短桩可显著提高滑坡的整体稳定性;（2）随着抗滑短桩桩长的增加,桩身受力趋于均匀,桩-土协同作用增强,滑体最大位移逐渐降低,但降低速率减小;（3）自由段桩长与滑体厚度比值<0.6时,滑坡出现“越顶”破坏现象;（4）建议抗滑短桩的自由段长度与滑体厚度比值取为0.7~0.9。     

老挝固体钾盐矿床开采尾矿低成本充填技术研究

尾矿低成本充填是突破解决尾矿环境污染和软岩安全威胁等严重制约我国在老挝的钾盐企业实现大规模开采问题的关键技术途径。通过分析老挝固体钾盐矿床开采及充填环境特点,明确了充填目的及材料来源,剖析了传统胶凝固化材料的局限,研制了新型胶凝固化材料,并检验了其胶凝固化效果,简要分析了新型胶凝固化材料的优越性及其现场充填方法的优选,进行了成本预期和推广应用展望,总体研究了可有力支撑我国驻老挝钾盐企业大规模、安全环保和可持续开采的尾矿低成本充填技术,并对泰国、刚果(布)等国家同类型钾盐资源的开发利用具有重要参考价值。     

Bubble attachment time and FTIR analysis of water structure in the flotation of sylvite, bischofite and carnallite

Water structure is the most important parameter that influences the flotation of soluble salts. In this paper bubble attachment time measurements and FTIR analyses were performed to investigate the effect of water structure on the flotation behavior of sylvite (KCl), bischofite (MgCl₂·6H₂O) and carnallite (KMgCl₃·6H₂O). The results from bubble attachment time measurements suggest that collector adsorption at the surface of KCl induces flotation with either the cationic collector, ODA, or anionic collector, SDS. In contrast bubble attachment did not occur for bischofite (MgCl₂·6H₂O) or carnallite (KMgCl₃·6H₂O). Results show that the surface charge is not a determining factor in the flotation of soluble salts.Further, the interaction between water molecules and the three chloride salts dissolved in aqueous solution were studied by measuring the shift in the hydrogen-bonding of water molecules. The results indicate that KCl is a structure breaker salt, while MgCl₂·6H₂O and KMgCl₃·6H₂O are structure maker salts.Viscosities for the brines of these three salts were determined. The results give additional evidence of differences in water structure and are in good agreement with the FTIR and bubble attachment results. The findings provide further evidence that water structure plays an important role in the flotation of soluble salts.     

深部土-结构接触面与界面层力学特性的直接剪切试验

介绍了研究深部土与结构接触面及界面层力学特性的试验系统及研究方法,重点阐述了模拟不同粗糙面的"旋转结构面法"及研究界面层中力学特性的"下移结构面法".通过该设备及方法,研究了在不同法向应力、不同结构面粗糙度等条件下,土-结构接触面以及周围不同位置处(界面层内)土体的剪切力学特性.大量试验结果表明,该设备及方法能够较好地再现和研究土与结构物接触面与界面层内土体的主要力学特性及其与相关因素之间的关系.     

露天矿边坡岩石剪切力学特性与破裂特征研究

通过对新疆地区某露天矿不同岩石开展一系列不同法向应力条件下的直剪试验,结合数字照相监测与电镜扫描技术对不同岩石不同法向应力条件下剪切力学特性与宏细观破裂特征展开深入研究.结果表明:Group 1,3两组岩石应力-应变曲线变化平缓,在低法向应力条件下(1,2 MPa)裂隙倾角分布较广,产生了较为复杂的裂隙面,且细观形貌以...     

采场围岩应力壳力学特征的岩性效应

应用计算机数值模拟结合现场实测,对软岩、中硬岩和硬岩采场围岩应力壳力学特征的岩性效应进行了分析和研究。研究表明：岩性变化对应力壳力学特征有显著影响,随岩性增强,应力壳高度降低,且由拱形壳向扁平壳转变;壳体内最大应力峰值和高应力集中范围逐渐增大并向工作面上隅角近场围岩和煤柱逼近,冲击性失稳的动力灾害危险性增大。岩性不同,工作面围岩的主要承载力系亦不同,软岩工作面最主要承载力系是围岩应力壳;中硬岩工作面,上覆岩层荷载由围岩应力壳和基本顶承载岩层共同承担;硬岩工作面,围岩应力壳与基本顶承载岩层重合在一起。随岩性增强,工作面围岩破坏场、位移场的分布范围和强度均减小。因此,根据工作面围岩固有的力学属性采取相应的措施,通过改善采场围岩应力分布,对缓和矿压显现实现安全开采有积极作用。     

砂浆锚杆锚固段的界面力学特性

以砂浆锚杆发生砂浆体－岩体界面破坏为背景,通过实验室的模型试验来研究砂浆体－混凝土基体的界面力学特性.由试验得到的荷载－滑移曲线分析了界面裂缝开展的过程;借鉴Stang的计算理论,建立了分析模型,计算出界面开裂的表征参数;并且推导出极限荷载的计算公式,与试验结果符合良好.     

深部岩体力学与开采理论研究进展

为研究石灰岩在多次冲击荷载作用下的安全性,采用直径为50 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆装置对石灰岩试件开展不同应变率及不同冲击次数下的单轴冲击压缩试验,并结合超声波检测装置测量多次冲击荷载作用下岩体纵波波速,分析岩体纵波波速、损伤因子、峰值应力及能量耗散变化规律。结果表明：石灰岩试件纵波波速随冲击次数的增加而降低,波速降幅不断增大,损伤因子随之增大;0.25 MPa冲击气压作用下试件破碎需要6次,0.35、0.40 MPa冲击气压作用下试件破碎需要4次,冲击气压的增大使岩体产生破坏所用冲击次数减少;0.40 MPa冲击气压第2、3、4次冲击作用下试件峰值应力降幅分别为6.23%、14.00%、25.92%,冲击作用使试件峰值应力降低,且后期冲击作用下试件应力降幅增大;冲击荷载作用下岩体能量时程曲线分为3个阶段,岩体破碎耗能密度与冲击次数之间呈现良好的二次线性正相关关系,0.40 MPa冲击气压第2、3、4次冲击作用下岩体耗能密度是第1次的1.06、1.38、1.78倍,后期冲击作用对岩体的破坏作用更加显著。