地应力对冲击地压的影响及冲击危险区域评价的研究

对砚石台煤矿地应力进行了现场测试及非线性有限元计算，分析了地应力对冲击地压的影响。通过煤体强度实验建立了其强度准则，并结合工程实际建立了能量判据。在此基础上，对该矿６号煤层冲击地压的区域危险性进行了评价。     

浅部煤矿井下地应力分布特征研究及应用

采用煤矿井下小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,在山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、新疆等5省（自治区）的10余个浅部煤矿区,进行了88个测点的地应力测量,最浅测点的埋深仅为38 m。根据地应力测量数据,分析了浅部煤矿井下地应力分布特征与变化趋势,并与深部煤矿进行了比较。通过实例分析,介绍了地应力测量结果在浅部煤矿井下工程中的应用情况。浅部煤矿井下地应力受多种因素影响,测量数据离散性很大,随测点埋深的变化规律不明显;地应力场以σH>σh>σV型为主,水平应力占绝对优势。最大水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值主要集中在1~3之间;最小水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值大部分在0.5~2.0;平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值大多处于1.0~2.5;最大主应力与最小主应力之差同垂直主应力的比值离散性较大,最大值超过2。将地应力测量数据应用于浅部煤矿煤柱尺寸优化、锚杆支护参数设计,在保证巷道安全与支护效果的前提下,提高了煤炭资源采出率,降低了巷道支护成本。     

岩石单一裂纹扩展率的数值模拟研究

运用断裂力学理论推导出单一裂纹有效长度理论表达式,提出裂纹扩展能力的度量单位———裂纹扩展率的概念。通过FLAC3D有限元软件模拟计算了岩石单一裂纹在不同压应力作用下的裂纹扩展率,通过比较裂纹扩展率的理论值和数值实验值,发现在不同压应力作用下两者基本吻合,指出数值实验是计算单一裂纹扩展长度的有效方式之一。     

Estimate of Stress-Strain State of Rocks in the Area of Drilling Kola Ultradeep Well

The values of horizontal tectonic stresses are estimated up to depth of 11 500 m by the measurement of velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves in rock samples extracted from various depths when drilling Kola Ultradeep Well.     

Stress-strain state of enclosing rock mass around an arbitrary cross-section excavation by measurement of displacements of the excavation walls

The stress-strain state in rocks around an excavation is assessed by the values of stresses “at infinity”, i.e., it is required to know stress distribution in an intact rock mass. The authors propose a new method of the stress-strain state assessment for an arbitrary cross-section excavation based on direct measurement of displacements of the excavation walls, using the Kolosov-Muskhelishvili formulas. Under analysis are the excavations shaped as circular and elliptical cylinders.     

我国煤巷锚杆支护技术的发展方向

分析了国内外煤巷锚杆支护的发展进程，总结了我国煤巷锚杆支护的主要经验和存在的差距．为了迅速发展我国煤巷锚杆支护，并提高其科学技术水平，提出了在地应力测量、煤巷锚杆支护理论及设计方法、锚杆支护形式和参数、锚杆监测技术、锚杆钻机等方面的技术发展途径。     

岩盐矿区水溶开采涌突水成因分析体系初探——以南方某矿区为例

岩盐矿物的开采多利用其易溶于水的特性以水溶开采法为主,此方法在开采过程中易发生涌突水事故,影响生产进程、破坏地下水环境、威胁居民用水安全。目前对于岩盐矿区水溶开采相关研究多集中在开采理论和方法上,鲜有针对诱发涌突水事故成因分析的研究。在此背景下,作者在完成南方某岩盐矿事故调查分析基础上,并收集参考了多个相关领域事故成因分析,归纳总结了溶腔稳定性、地质因素、工程因素、腐蚀因素等四大岩盐矿区涌突水影响因素,通过对开采初期单因素间的逻辑关系分析认识,总结四种诱发反应链分析思路,对事故作综合分析论述,构建了"单因素分析→诱发反应链分析→综合分析"岩盐矿区涌突水成因多级分析体系,并采用多级分析方法对南方某岩盐矿区涌突水事故进行综合分析,以期在一定程度上丰富岩盐矿区水溶开采涌突水成因分析体系,同时为解决其他盐类矿山出现的此类问题提供参考案例。     

水射流辅助岩石切削过程的刀具热应力分析

建立了刀片在水射流辅助切削岩石过程中的热传导模型,并在对岩石切削过程进行热功转换分析的基础上,给出了热流密度、界面温度等边界条件的确定方法,从而建立了水射流条件下刀片的温度场模型。对刀片由于温度变化产生的热应力进行了系统分析,并给出了热应力的计算模型,并且结合计算分析了射流压力等参数对各种热应力的影响。研究表明：热应力是导致岩石切削刀具失效的主要影响因素。热应力受刀具与岩石材料热物性质、刀片尺寸、切削力、切削速度、射流压力等因素影响。水射流的存在可以大幅降低刀具的热应力,热应力的大小与射流压力p的四次方根的倒数成正比。选择合适参数可将热应力控制在临界范围内,避免刀具早期失效,延长其使用寿命。     

Quasi-brittle rock failure model

The article discusses a quasi-brittle rock failure model, analytical expressions constructed for limit stresses using necessary and sufficient criteria of structured rock failure, normal tensile stresses in rock mass with crack, quasi-brittle failure diagram constructed using two-section jogged line approximation of stress-strain curves obtained in coal under tension, and critical stress estimates.     

深部岩盐取心钻探技术

利用水井钻机钻探,开展岩盐深孔取心,采用合理钻孔结构和优化钻具组合,并配以适宜的饱和盐水钻井液和取心钻探工艺,成功地实施了连续岩盐取心,收到了良好的效果。结合濮阳岩盐普查项目,介绍了深部岩盐取心钻探技术。     

盐岩蠕变特性及其非线性本构模型

为了研究盐岩的蠕变特性,利用RLW-2000岩石流变试验机对盐岩试件进行了三轴压缩分级加载蠕变试验。试验结果表明:在围压一定的情况下,随着轴向应力增大,盐岩瞬时应变、蠕变应变以及蠕变速率等均随之增大,同时进入稳态蠕变阶段所需要的时间逐渐延长;等时应力-应变曲线显示,盐岩蠕变具有非线性特征,且其非线性程度与蠕变时间和应力水平有关,蠕变时间越长、应力水平越高,非线性程度越高。基于非线性流变力学理论,提出了一种非线性黏滞体,其黏滞系数是所加应力水平和蠕变时间的函数,将非线性黏滞体替换常规Burgers模型中的线性黏滞体,建立了可描述盐岩非线性蠕变特性的MBurgers模型,并根据盐岩蠕变试验结果,采用曲线拟合法对MBurgers模型的参数进行了反演识别。拟合曲线和试验曲线对比显示,两者吻合良好,误差较小,说明该模型可以描述盐岩的蠕变特性。     

深部矿井软岩巷道支护探究

随着我国矿井开采深度的逐渐增加,深井软岩巷道越来越多,地应力也相应增加;同时也对深部矿井软岩巷道支护和维修带来了不利因素,直接影响着矿井安全生产和经济效益.因此,深部矿井软岩巷道支护成为矿井亟待解决的问题之一.通过分析软岩巷道的特性,影响巷道围岩稳定性的因素,深部矿井软岩巷道矿压显现的特点和软岩巷道的支护原则,对支护方法进行探究.     

Rock movement at the Tashtagol iron-ore deposit in the course of large-scale underground blasting

The paper describes the results of studies into the processes of deformation of rock masses near protected objects and in mine workings of the Tashtagol iron-ore deposit, carried out with the conventional geodetic methods and the GPS-techniques. It is shown that rock mass movements in the periods of large-scale blasting mostly take place along flat-dipping tectonic faults and in the line of action of maximal stresses in the intact rock mass. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 25–33, May–June, 2008.     

煤矿井下应力场类型及相互作用分析

基于原岩应力场与采动应力场,提出支护应力场的概念,即支护在围岩中产生的应力场与在支护体内部产生的应力场,并指出3种应力场构成了煤矿井下综合应力场.在井下实测数据的基础上,研究了煤矿井下原岩应力,特别是构造应力的分布特征;采用数值模拟方法,分析了掘进工作面、巷道及采煤工作面周围应力分布特征与规律,采动集中应力的大小;计算了预应力锚杆支护、单体液压支柱及金属支架在围岩中产生的应力场.分析计算了锚杆杆体、托板及钢带等支护构件中的应力大小与分布特征,并对比分析了原岩应力、采动应力及支护应力的量值.论述了原岩应力场对采动应力场的影响,以及采动应力场与支护应力场的相互作用与关系.     

Automated instrumentation to measure rock mass stresses in parallel-drilled holes

The prototype of a new-developed program-instrumentation system provides automated measurement and processing of data on stresses in a rock mass by employing the parallel-hole method. The respective instrumentation and the procedure for execution of tests on stress evaluation within a rock mass are also briefed on. Recorder software provides the prompt control of the entire process with visualized parameters, thus contributing to the proper decision-making with account for experimental conditions and expediency to go on with downhole tests.     

一种新的岩石可钻性分级方法研究

提出了用岩石A、B值来表示岩石可钻性级别的新观点;研究了岩石A、B值测定方法和原理;用岩石A、B值来指导钻头配方设计是可行的。     

盐岩溶腔油气储库建造研究

在整理国内外盐岩溶腔油气储库建造研究有关资料的基础上,论述了盐岩溶腔的主要用途及非常规用途,从而确立盐岩溶腔是石油、天然气储备和包括核废料在内的有毒、有害废物处置的理想场所,被称为“高度战略安全的储备库”.进而论述了盐岩溶腔油气储库的建造技术及油气储库溶腔稳定性的研究现状,表明油气储库溶腔的稳定性主要由油气储库的类型、盐岩的力学特性、油气储库运行压力和盖层的厚度来决定.     

Development of 3D rock fragmentation measurement system using photogrammetry

ABSTRACT

Run-of-mine fragmentation is an important aspect of mine productivity optimisation, as it affects all mine-to-mill processes. In this study, a 3D rock fragmentation measurement (3DFM) system is proposed that can surmount the limitations of conventional 2D photo-based rock fragmentation measurement methods. To validate the proposed 3DFM performance, a laboratory-based comparison study was conducted using 100 randomly collected rock fragments. Conventional method exhibits relatively low and diffused results than the 3DFM. The proposed 3DFM can be considered as a new particle size distribution measurement method that should efficiently aid in improving mine productivity.     

Numerical investigations of stresses and strains redistribution around the tunnel: Influence of transverse isotropic behavior of granitic rock,in situ stress and shape of tunnel

In this work, we numerically investigate the redistribution and magnitude of stresses and strains around the opened excavations in transverse isotropic rock of mass, by using CAST 3M software. The particular shapes as horse shoe, trapezium and rectangular are considered and the influence of these shapes on the redistribution of stresses and strains is analyzed. We show that the shape of tunnel affects the redistribution of stress and strain and the horse shoe shape excavation offer the best stability and the best design for engineer. The influence of the isotropic transverse behavior of rock on the redistribution of stresses and strains is also examined. We demonstrate that the isotropic transverse behavior has a little influence on the redistribution of stresses around tunnels opened.     

Modeling evolution of damage in rock specimens under loading

Based on the integrated analysis of micro-strains obtained using white light specklephotography method in Brazilian Test of rock specimens and analytically calculated elastic fields of stresses and strains, the authors show that there exist significant correlation dependences between the damage in a certain domain of a rock specimen and the level of the external load. Given a verified geomechanical model describing properly evolution of stresses in a rock specimen, this fact offers pre-requisites for estimation of damage in different areas of a rock specimen by monitoring condition only in one of such areas.