乳清浓缩蛋白对搅拌型酸奶品质特性影响的研究

研究了以全脂奶粉和乳清浓缩蛋白（WPC-3503）为原料，按照全脂奶粉：乳清浓缩蛋白为100：0，90：10，80：20，70：30的质量配比生产乳固形物含量为12％的酸奶，对含有不同乳清蛋白比例的酸奶在贮藏过程中理化特性、乳酸菌总数的变化以及感官特性进行了比较分析。结果表明，WPC-3503代替10％-20％全脂奶粉生产酸奶时，在贮藏过程中可减缓pH值及酸度的变化速度，提高酸奶的黏度和保水率，改善感官特性，但对乳酸菌总数无明显的影响。     

乳清浓缩蛋白在酸奶生产中的应用

以鲜奶，奶粉，乳清蛋白等乳成分为主要原料，研究了乳清浓缩蛋白在酸奶生产中的制做方法，对乳清浓缩蛋白代替部分高档脱脂奶粉生产酸奶产品的保水率，粘度，口感及组织状态进行了比较分析。结果表明，在酸奶生产中，添加一定的浓缩乳清蛋白代替高档脱脂奶粉是可行的，产品较为理想。     

添加羟基自由基氧化的乳清蛋白对酸奶品质影响的研究

主要研究了经羟基自由基产生体系氧化后的乳清蛋白在酸奶中的应用,并对影响酸奶品质的主要参数(包括乳清析出率、保水性、酸度、pH、粘度)以及感官指标进行了评定.结果表明:在酸奶中添加经H2O2体系氧化后的乳清蛋白,产品各项感官指标明显好于添加FeCl3体系的酸奶,且能够提高产品的性能和口感,尤其是添加氧化3h的氧化蛋白其感官评分达到最大.这说明适当的氧化可以改进产品的品质,提高产品的可接受性.     

添加羟基自由基氧化的乳清蛋白对酸奶品质影响的研究

主要研究了经羟基自由基产生体系氧化后的乳清蛋白在酸奶中的应用,并对影响酸奶品质的主要参数(包括乳清析出率、保水性、酸度、pH、粘度)以及感官指标进行了评定。结果表明:在酸奶中添加经H2O2体系氧化后的乳清蛋白,产品各项感官指标明显好于添加FeCl3体系的酸奶,且能够提高产品的性能和口感,尤其是添加氧化3h的氧化蛋白其感官评分达到最大。这说明适当的氧化可以改进产品的品质,提高产品的可接受性。      

乳清蛋白在无添加剂酸奶中的应用

本实验采用乳清蛋白制备了一种不添加稳定剂的酸奶,为制作无添加剂酸奶提供理论依据。通过分析不同添加量的乳清蛋白对酸奶发酵终点,以及后熟和保质期内酸奶的酸度、粘度、脱水收缩作用敏感性（STS）、持水率（WHC）的影响,结果发现：乳清蛋白对发酵终点的影响不大;随着乳清蛋白添加量的增加,在后熟时酸奶的酸度变化加快;乳清蛋白可以提高酸奶在保质期内的稳定性,对STS和WHC都有促进作用,可保证产品最终质量。此外,结合感官测评,乳清蛋白添加量在3~4%时,产品口感及稳定性较佳,通过使用乳清蛋白可以使无添加剂的酸奶在保质期内稳定。     

酪蛋白与乳清蛋白比例对酸奶凝胶性质的影响

研究了乳中酪蛋白和乳清蛋白比例对凝固型酸奶流变学特性和微观结构的影响,结果表明,固定蛋白质质量分数、降低酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的比例,可以明显提高酸奶凝胶的质量.乳中蛋白质质量分数一致时,酸奶凝胶的硬度、黏度、持水力随着酪蛋白和乳清蛋白比例的减小而增大,凝胶网络结构变得更规则、致密,孔隙更小.在低蛋白质质量分数下,降低乳中酪...     

酶解乳清浓缩蛋白WPC80制备乳清肽的研究

用乳清浓缩蛋白WPC80 为原料,在复合酶A 的作用下,研究乳清肽的制备工艺。复合酶A 的反应条件为[S]12g/100mL、温度50℃、[E]/[S]3%、pH9.0。选用截留分子质量10kD 的磺化聚砜膜,常温并在工作压差0.25MPa 下对水解液进行超滤处理后,选用树脂HZ00x 对水解液进行脱苦,得到的处理液无明显的苦涩味,只有轻微的蛋腥味,最后肽得率36.54%。产品中肽的分子质量分布以二、三和四肽为主,分别占峰面积的27.45%、34.88% 和26.65%。     

乳清蛋白木瓜蛋白酶酶解物对酸奶发酵及贮藏特性影响

采用3个水解度(6.63%、8.21%和9.21%)的乳清蛋白木瓜蛋白酶酶解液取代等量蛋白的奶粉用于酸奶发酵,探讨酶解液对酸奶发酵及贮藏特性的影响。结果表明,乳清蛋白木瓜蛋白酶酶解物能明显促进酸奶发酵,在一定水解度范围内,水解度越大,其促发酵能力越强;与对照相比,酶解物能增加酸奶在贮藏期的表观黏度,且在一定水解度范围内,水解度越大,其表观黏度越大;9.21%水解度的酶解液抑制了酸奶的后酸化,而水解度6.63%和8.21%的酶解液则对酸奶的后酸化有促进作用。     

由含盐乳清制备蛋白浓缩液及其在酸奶中的应用

利用超滤将含盐（７～８％）乳清浓缩２０倍，加入相同体积（超滤保留液的体积）的甜乳清再轻超滤使其再浓缩２０倍，此操作重复三次，使ＷＰＣ（乳清蛋白浓缩液）中的盐分基本除去。加入甜乳清将ＷＰＣ中的蛋白质含量调整为３．５％，将其在６５℃／３０ｍｉｎ的条件下杀菌，按０、１０、２０或３０％的比例与水牛乳混合，加热至８０℃每一比例混合液均分别按１、５或２０ｍｉｎ条件杀菌，然后以此生产酸乳。我们对此种酸乳的化学性     

乳清蛋白-黄油乳液凝胶对低脂酸奶理化特性及品质的影响

乳液凝胶是一种新型的脂肪替代物,乳清蛋白和黄油是乳品中常用的原、辅料,利用乳清蛋白和黄油制作的乳液凝胶在乳制品加工中具有良好的应用前景.制备不同蛋白和脂肪含量的乳清蛋白-黄油乳液凝胶颗粒(whey protein-butter emulsion gel particles,WPI-EG),研究其对低脂酸奶理化特性及感官...     

蛋白含量对牦牛乳清蛋白浓缩物功能特性的影响

通过不同截留分子质量的再生纤维素膜过滤纯化牦牛原乳清液和牦牛甜乳清液,分别制取牦牛原乳清蛋白浓缩物(native whey protein concentrate,NWPC)和牦牛甜乳清蛋白浓缩物(sweet whey protein concentrate,SWPC),研究蛋白含量不同的乳清蛋白浓缩物(whey pr...     

Microencapsulating Properties of Whey Protein Concentrate 75

ABSTRACT Emulsions containing various levels of soya oil dispersed in solutions of whey protein concentrate (WPC) 75 (5% w/v) were spray-dried to yield powders with oil contents ranging from 20% to 75% (w/w). The effect of homogenizing pressure and oil/protein ratio on oil globule size distributions and protein load of the emulsions and the microencapsulation efficiency (ME) and redispersion behavior of the powders were examined. Emulsion oil droplet size decreased with increasing homogenization pressure but was not affected by oil/protein ratio. Emulsion protein load and ME of the powders were negatively correlated with increasing oil/protein ratio. Powders with an oil/protein ratio < 0.75 were least susceptible to destabilization during spray-drying.     

Flow Properties, Firmness and Stability of Double Cream Cheese Containing Whey Protein Concentrate

As estimated on-line, the viscosity after cooling of double cream cheese curd containing heat-denatured WPC (DCC +) increased from 1.4 Pa.s to 1.7 Pa.s when cooled to the range of 45°C to 24°C, and then decreased from 1.7 Pa.s to 1.0 Pa.s when cooled from 24°C to 15°C. The viscosity of DCC^- (without heat-denatured WPC) increased from 1.5 Pa.s to 2.2 Pa.s at temperature shift from 40°C to 15.5°C. The firmness of stored DCC + and DCC^-, respectively, decreased from 15.1N to 6.5N when cooled to temperatures from 45°C to 15°C, and from 17.9N to 9.9N when cooled from 40°C to 15.5°C, as recorded by cone penetrometry. The structure of DCC+ cooled to 15°C collapsed after penetrometry, and DCC+ cooled to 20°C destabilized during shearing in coaxial cylinder rheometer. A new phase in DCC+ based on milk fat globules liberated by cluster disruption may be the cause of the structural and textural instability.     

High Hydrostatic Pressure Affects Flavor-binding Properties of Whey Protein Concentrate

ABSTRACT: The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on flavor-binding properties of whey protein concentrate (WPC) were determined with benzaldehyde, heptanone, octanone, and nonanone. After HHP treatment (600 MPa, 50 °C, for 0-, 10-, or 30-min holding time), flavor-binding properties of WPC were studied by intrinsic fluorescence titration and static headspace analysis. The HHP treatments increased the number of binding sites and the apparent dissociation constants of WPC for benzaldehyde. HHP treatment of WPC for 0 min increased the number of binding sites of WPC for heptanone and octanone. As observed by headspace analysis, HHP treatments did not result in significant changes in the flavor retention for benzaldehyde in WPC solutions. Flavor retention of 100 ppm and 200 ppm heptanone and octanone in HHP-treated (10 min) WPC was significantly lower than for untreated WPC and HHP-treated WPC for 0 min or 30 min. For flavor retention of nonanone, significant decreases were only observed at 100 ppm when WPC solutions were HHP-treated for 10 min. While use of HHP treatment of WPC has potential in real food systems, these findings demonstrate the importance of careful selection of HHP treatment times and flavor concentrations for desired outcomes in food applications.     

乳清浓缩蛋白对松仁蛋白溶解度及其乳液稳定性的影响

为研究蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用对松仁蛋白(PKP)溶解度、结构和乳液性质的影响,以PKP和乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)为研究对象,采用pH循环法制备PKP-WPC复合蛋白,利用SDS-PAGE、内源性荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱、圆二色谱、荧光探针和ζ-电位等方法分析了复合蛋白结构特性和表面特性,再以PKP-WPC复合蛋白为原料,分别制备了油相体积分数为3%、10%和50%的乳液,并对制备的乳液性质进行了检测。结果表明:当WPC与PKP的质量比为1.0∶1.0,且体系pH值经历由7.0到12.0再回到7.0时的1次pH循环后,PKP的水溶性可从48.53%提高到92.43%。SDS-PAGE结果显示,PKP-WPC复合蛋白完整保留了PKP和WPC的亚基。内源性荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱和圆二色谱结果表明,静电相互作用、疏水相互作用和氢键是驱动PKP和WPC相互作用的主要作用力,PKP与WPC相互作用使复合蛋白具有较高的结构韧性,抵抗酸诱导的构象折叠;WPC的加入改变了PKP的二级结构,α-螺旋、β-转角和无规卷曲结构的含量增加,而β-折叠结构相对含量降低。PKP-WPC复合蛋白具有较高的表面电荷(-34.74mV)来抵抗蛋白质的聚集。与由PKP制备的乳液相比,由PKP-WPC制备的乳液平均粒径和乳层析指数减小,ζ-电位绝对值增大,稳定性显著提高。乳液的性质因油相体积分数的不同而有较大的差异。油相体积分数为3%的复合乳液液滴小且分布均匀,稳定性好于油相体积分数为10%和50%的复合乳液。通过pH循环法,通过添加WPC,提高了PKP的溶解度,获得了稳定性较佳的PKP乳液,研究可为新型蛋白产品的研发提供理论基础,拓宽松仁蛋白在加工食品中的应用范围,推动PKP-WPC双蛋白乳液研究的发展。     

胰蛋白酶限制性修饰乳清浓缩蛋白纤维聚合物表面性质的研究

为了研究胰蛋白酶限制性修饰对乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)热致聚合物的微观形态及表面性质的影响,本文制备了胰蛋白酶在不同水解度(DH为0.2%、0.6%和1%)限制性修饰后的WPC在p H 2.0、90℃下热致聚合物,利用透射电镜分析了聚合物的微观形态特征,测定了不同聚合物的表面性质。结果表明,纤维聚合物较常规p H条件下形成的无定形聚合物具有较差的乳化活性和乳化稳定性以及较优的起泡和泡沫稳定性。胰蛋白酶修饰促进WPC纤维聚合物的形成,乳化活性较天然WPC形成纤维稍有提高;起泡性和泡沫稳定性显著提高,在DH为0.6%时起泡提高幅度最大,较天然WPC纤维提高了11.76%;在DH为1%时,泡沫稳定性较天然WPC纤维提高了12.59%。WPC经胰蛋白酶修饰后所形成更优的纤维结构以及表面疏水性的提高有利于其界面性质的提高。     

Factors Affecting the Functional Properties of Whey Protein Products: A Review

Numerous why protein products (WPP) have been developed as excellent food ingredients with unique functional properties. However, the functional properties of WPP are affected by several compositional and processing factors. Recently, novel processing technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound, extrusion and tribomechanical activation have been used to modify the functional properties of WPP. Also, WPP have been used as delivery systems for functional ingredients and in edible films. The present paper reviews the latest developments in the role of different factors on the functional properties of WPP with emphasis on novel processing technologies, and interaction with other food ingredients