种子包衣用成膜剂SYFMA001的应用性能

[目的]研究了自主开发的种子包衣成膜剂SYFMA001的应用性能,为其用于高性能种衣剂的开发而提供相关的技术参数.[方法]测试了成膜剂SYFMA001的物理化学性能指标,并用其制备了20％福美双·克百威和0.25％戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂,研究了其在玉米、大豆、小麦种子上的包衣效果,并测试了包衣后种子的发芽势和发芽率.[结果]成膜剂SYFMA001的外观良好,性能稳定,包衣效果良好,成膜时间小于5 min,包衣脱落率小于2％,均匀度在90％以上.包衣后种子的发芽率试验结果显示:SYPFMA001对玉米、大豆、小麦种子发芽率没有影响,与对照相当.[结论]SYFMA001是一种性能优良的成膜剂,适宜用于开发性能优良的种衣剂.     

15％克百威·戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂的研制

采用湿式超微粉碎法对15％克百威·戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂进行了研究,对润湿分散剂、成膜剂、增稠剂、防冻剂进行了筛选,确定了优惠配方：克百威14．0％,戊唑醇1．0％,烷基芳基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚1．0％,苯乙烯苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯盐3．0％,黄原胶0．2％,成膜剂0．2％,乙二醇5％,玫瑰精0．5％,正辛醇0．5％,水74．6％。结果表明：该产品具有悬浮率90％以上、热贮[（54±2）℃,14d]分解率小于5％、种子包衣质量比1：150、包衣均匀等特点,产品各项指标符合悬浮剂种衣剂的要求。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮成膜剂在种衣剂中的研究与应用

配制了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮成膜剂,测试了其理化性质,并将其应用于3%苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂中,考察了包衣后玉米种子的包衣脱落率和出苗率。结果表明,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮成膜剂具有良好的理化稳定性,能够降低种子包衣脱落率,不影响种子的出苗率。其适合用于开发性能优良的种衣剂。     

10％嘧菌酯水稻悬浮种衣剂制备

[目的]研制长效控释性防治稻瘟病的水稻种衣剂.[方法]通过对不同分散剂、成膜剂以及增稠剂的筛选,采用湿式超微粉碎加工工艺,获得一种新型水稻种衣剂成膜剂及种衣剂制备方法.[结果]10％嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂的最佳制剂配方为嘧菌酯原药10％,YUS-FS3000 8％,黄原胶0.12％,快T0.5％,皂土0.5％,成膜剂8％.[结论]砂磨转速500 r/min、砂磨时间2h条件下,得到的种衣剂粒径小于3μm,其成膜性良好,脱落率小于5％,包衣后的水稻种子发芽率达到98.25％,符合水稻悬浮种衣剂要求.     

POWERBLOX~(TM) Filmer-17成膜剂在种子处理悬浮剂中的应用研究

对POWERBLOX~(TM)Filmer-17成膜剂的物理性能和应用性能进行了研究,为其在种子处理悬浮剂中的应用提供相关的技术参考。以POWERBLOX~(TM)Filmer-17成膜剂为材料制备了30%噻虫嗪种子处理悬浮剂,考察其在玉米种子上的包衣性能和对种子发芽的影响。结果显示,POWERBLOX~(TM) Filmer-17成膜剂黏度低,干膜泡水失重为0.4%;包衣成膜时间为2.0~2.5 min,包衣均匀度大于95%,脱落率为6%以下;包衣具有优异的耐水性;包衣后的种子流动性佳,且发芽率和种苗高度与未包衣的种子均无明显区别。说明POWERBLOX~(TM)Filmer-17是一种高性能的成膜剂产品,可用于高品质的种子处理悬浮剂配方的开发。     

500g/L噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂配方研究

采用湿式超微粉碎加工工艺,以悬浮率、热贮稳定性、包衣均匀度和脱落率为标准,用流点法筛选合适的梳形高分子分散剂和类双子型分散剂,通过对不同润湿分散剂、成膜剂以及增稠稳定剂和防冻剂的筛选,得到了500 g/L噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂的优化制剂配方为40%噻虫嗪,4%YUS-SC3,2%YUS-WG5,1%YUS-WG4,2%尿素,0.1%黄原胶,0.5%硅酸镁铝,0.1%消泡剂,水余量。经实验,其成膜性良好,脱落率<4%。包衣后的玉米种子,其发芽率97%,种衣剂对种子发芽率的影响<1%。     

不同成膜物质对63 g/L精甲·咯菌腈种子处理悬浮剂包衣水稻种子的应用性能研究

[目的]将5种成膜物质作为63 g/L精甲·咯菌腈种子处理悬浮剂(FS)的成膜剂，研究包衣水稻种子在水中药剂淋失情况和不同成膜物质对制剂稳定性及包衣种子安全性的影响。[方法]在63 g/L精甲·咯菌腈FS中分别加入5种成膜物质，用高效液相色谱法测定药剂溶解淋失情况，用多重光散射仪测定不同成膜物质对制剂稳定性的影响，同时进行室内包衣种子发芽试验，考察成膜剂对包衣种子萌发的影响。[结果]添加SYFMA002成膜剂的63 g/L精甲·咯菌腈FS包衣水稻种子在水中的药剂淋失率最低，制剂稳定性最好，试验条件下对辽粳212水稻种子安全性良好。[结论]SYFMA002可作为63 g/L精甲·咯菌腈FS的成膜剂。     

抗旱性玉米种子包衣剂

种子包衣是国家农业部近年来大力推广的1项新技术。目前国内种衣剂所用的成膜材料大多采用丙烯酸酯等乳液聚合物,由于反应不稳定,不完全,存在大量单体,使成膜强度不稳定,造成包衣种子出苗率严重下降或者包衣层破碎、脱落。     

云南粮食作物种衣剂研究填补多项空白

“云南省主要粮食作物种衣剂产品开发和中试示范项目”成功研制出适合该省小麦、玉米和水稻良种包衣的新配方,填补了我国水稻浸种型种子包衣处理剂、种衣剂配套助剂体系优化研究等空白。成果实际应用后增产效果显著：小麦增产7．3％-16．0％,水稻苗期鲜重提高3．5％～22．2％,玉米增产8．2％-18．9％,为确保种子健康．促进该省农业可持续发展提供了有力的技术支撑。     

1 5%克百威·戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂的研制

采用湿式超微粉碎法对15%克百威·戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂进行了研究,对润湿分散剂、成膜剂、增稠剂、防冻剂进行了筛选,确定了优惠配方:克百威14.0%,戊唑醇1.0%.烷基芳基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚1.0%,苯乙烯苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯盐3.0%,黄原胶0.2%,成膜剂0.2%,乙二醇5%,玫瑰精0.5%,正辛醇0.5%,水74.6%.结果表明:该产品具有悬浮率90%以上、热贮[(54±2)℃,14 d]分解率小于5%、种子包衣质量比1:1 50、包衣均匀等特点,产品各项指标符合悬浮剂种衣剂的要求.     

20%丁硫克百威·戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂配方研究

采用湿式超微粉碎法对20%丁硫克百威.戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂进行了研究,对润湿分散剂、成膜剂、增稠剂、防冻剂进行了筛选,确定了优惠配方:丁硫克百威19.0%,戊唑醇1.0%,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚3.0%,苯乙烯苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯盐1.5%,黄原胶0.1%,成膜剂2.0%,尿素3.0%,玫瑰精0.5%,正辛醇0.5%,水补足。结果表明:该产品悬浮率90%以上,热贮([54±2)℃1,4 d]分解率小于5%,种子包衣质量比为1:150,包衣均匀等特点,产品各项指标符合悬浮剂种衣剂的要求。     

克·福·戊醇干粉种衣剂防治玉米丝黑穗病田间药效试验

在田间进行了63%克·福·戊醇种衣剂防治玉米丝黑穗病的药效试验。结果表明,63%克·福·戊醇干粉种衣剂(药种比1:200～300)对玉米丝黑穗病的防效均在90%以上,增产效果显著,达到18.15%,且对玉米种子安全性高,是防治玉米丝黑穗病的理想药剂。     

呋·福种衣剂液相色谱分析方法探讨

本文主要探索了克百威、福美双复配种衣剂的高效液相色谱的外标法,该法选择了合适的色谱,并从准确度,精密度等方面对该法进行了验证和讨论。本文还将本方法与现在国内普遍采用的薄层比色法进行了分析对照     

漆树种子发芽促进法研究

本文研究了利用浓硫酸刺激漆树种子发芽的方法，取得如下结论：１、没有经硫酸 处理过的种子尽管进行了层积处理也不发芽；２、经过１小时硫酸处理过的种子发 育率约８６％，而０．５小时的硫酸处理种子发芽率则为５９％；３、硫酸处理时间在４．５ 小时以内是安全的，３小时的硫酸处理种子４周的层积显示出１０日内９０％的最高发 芽力；４、经２４小时硫酸处理的种子适合层积时间为４周，为期５周的层积１８％－２８％的种子在层积过程中就发芽了；５、经硫酸处理０．５－７小时，又经水浸３０小时 或更长的种子，其发芽率不足２％。若种子不经层积处理，漆籽显示有两种休眠状 况：机械和生理休眠。     

Solution volume and seed number: Often overlooked factors in allelopathic bioassays

Cucumber seeds were germinated under various combinations of solution volume and seed number with a range of ferulic acid concentrations. At each concentration, radicle growth decreased as the relative amount of ferulic acid available per seed increased from (25 seeds/5 ml) to 5 (5 seeds/5 ml) to 19 (25 seeds/95 ml). With 2.0 mM ferulic acid in buffered solution, radicle lengths after 48 hr ranged from 71 to 47% of control. The amount of ferulic acid remaining in 2.0 mM solution after 48 hr was directly proportional to the amount initially available per seed, and ranged from 9 to 91%. Solution volume and seed number also significantly affected inhibition by vanillic acid, caffeic acid, and juglone. With 0.1 mM juglone, radicle lengths after 48 hr were 88% of control with 25 seeds/5 ml, 68% with 5 seeds/5 ml, and 56% with 25 seeds/90 ml. The data demonstrated that lower phytotoxin concentrations can produce equivalent or greater inhibitory effects than higher concentrations when the amount available per seed for uptake is greater. Equivalent inhibition of radicle growth was observed with 1.0 mM (5 seeds/5 ml) and 2.0 mM (25 seeds/5 ml) ferulic acid. Available literature on herbicides indicates that similar effects occur in greenhouse and field studies.     

Study of Seed Ageing in lpa1-1 Maize Mutant and Two Possible Approaches to Restore Seed Germination

Phytic acid (PA) is a strong anti-nutritional factor with a key antioxidant role in countering reactive oxygen species. Despite the potential benefits of low phytic acid (lpa) mutants, the reduction of PA causes pleiotropic effects, e.g., reduced seed germination and viability loss related to seed ageing. The current study evaluated a historical series of naturally aged seeds and showed that lpa1-1 seeds aged faster as compared to wildtype. To mimic natural ageing, the present study set up accelerated ageing treatments at different temperatures. It was found that incubating the seeds at 57 °C for 24 h, the wildtype germinated at 82.4% and lpa1-1 at 40%. The current study also hypothesized two possible solutions to overcome these problems: (1) Classical breeding was used to constitute synthetic populations carrying the lpa1-1 mutation, with genes pushing anthocyanin accumulation in the embryo (R-navajo allele). The outcome showed that the presence of R-navajo in the lpa1-1 genotype was not able to improve the germinability (−20%), but this approach could be useful to improve the germinability in non-mutant genotypes (+17%). (2) In addition, hydropriming was tested on lpa1-1 and wildtype seeds, and germination was improved by 20% in lpa1-1, suggesting a positive role of seed priming in restoring germination. Moreover, the data highlighted metabolic differences in the metabolome before and after hydropriming treatment, suggesting that the differences in germination could also be mediated by differences in the metabolic composition induced by the mutation.     

25%唑胺菌酯·福美双悬浮剂的研制

[目的]为扩大唑胺菌酯的杀菌谱,提高原药的生物活性,进行唑胺菌酯和福美双复配悬浮剂的研究。[方法]利用湿法研磨的加工工艺对25%唑胺菌酯.福美双悬浮剂的配方中各个组分进行了筛选和优化。[结果]唑胺菌酯5%,福美双20%,白炭黑2%,EL-80 5%,NNO 2%,乙二醇5%,硅酸镁铝0.2%,去离子水补足至100%。[结论]对该制剂的性能指标进行了测试评价,结果显示该制剂的各控制项目指标符合悬浮剂的相关标准。经室内药效验证,该制剂对小麦白粉病防效优异,使用安全,社会效益显著。     

Microwave inactivation of thioglucosidase in intact crambe seeds

Optimum conditions for microwave inactivation of thioglucosidase in whole crambe seeds(Crambe abyssinica Hochst.) were investigated. Whole crambe seeds were left at 7% moisture or tempered to between 10 and 20% moisture contents prior to exposure to various microwave power inputs for 38 sec under controlled conditions. Ten percent moisture crambe seeds coupled the maximum percentage of microwave power. The amount of microwave energy required to inactivate thioglucosidase decreased as the moisture content of the seeds increased from 10 to 20%. Thioglucosidase could not be inactivated in 7% moisture seeds without burning the seeds. With 10, 15, and 20% moisture levels crambe seeds required a minimum of 0.70, 0.60, and 0.65 kW, respectively, of initial microwave power input and 18,12, and 11 kJ, respectively, of coupled energy to inactivate thioglucosidase. Optimum crambe seed moisture contents for microwave inactivation of thioglucosidase were determined to be between 14-16%.     

HPLC法测定种衣剂中多菌灵、福美双含量

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)测定种衣剂中多菌灵、福美双含量。实验结果表明,该方法测定的多菌灵、福美双在一定的质量浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为98.3%、97.1%,相对标准偏差分别为0.625%、0.995%。该方法简便、准确可行、灵敏度高。     

Proteome Analysis of Dormancy-Released Seeds of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. in Response to Re-Dehydration under Different Conditions

Desiccation tolerance is the ability of orthodox seeds to achieve equilibrium with atmospheric relative humidity and to survive in this state. Understanding how orthodox seeds respond to dehydration is important for improving quality and long-term storage of seeds under low temperature and drought stress conditions. Long-term storage of seeds is an artificial situation, because in most natural situations a seed that has been shed may not remain in a desiccated state for very long, and if dormant it may undergo repeated cycles of hydration. Different types of seeds are differentially sensitive to desiccation and this directly affects long-term storage. For these reasons, many researchers are investigating loss of desiccation tolerance during orthodox seed development to understand how it is acquired. In this study, the orthodox seed proteome response of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. to dehydration (to a relative water content of 10%, which mimics seed dehydration) was investigated under four different conditions viz. 20 °C; 20 °C with silica gel; 1 °C; and 1 °C after pretreatment with Ca²⁺. Proteins from seeds dehydrated under different conditions were extracted and separated by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). A total of 2919 protein spots were detected, and high-resolution 2D-DIGE indicated there were 27 differentially expressed. Seven of these were identified using MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Inferences from bioinformatics annotations of these proteins established the possible involvement of detoxifying enzymes, transport proteins, and nucleotide metabolism enzymes in response to dehydration. Of the seven differentially abundant proteins, the amounts of six were down-regulated and one was up-regulated. Also, a putative acyl-coenzyme A oxidase of the glyoxylate cycle increased in abundance. In particular, the presence of kinesin-1, a protein important for regulation and cargo interaction, was up-regulated in seeds exposed to low temperature dehydration. Kinesin-1 is present in all major lineages, but it is rarely detected in seed desiccation tolerance of woody species. These observations provide new insight into the proteome of seeds in deep dormancy under different desiccation conditions.