热电联产和区域供热对减少CO2排放的贡献

CO2作为一种温室气体，是全球气候变暖的主要原因。采用热电联产和区域供热是抑制CO2排放的有效手段。文章通过世界上一些代表性国家的统计数据对此进行了说明，并对我国的情况进行了分析。     

采暖供热系统的应用浅析

随着环保要求的提高和电力峰谷差的拉大,燃煤锅炉采暖受到严格限制,而其他采暖形式,如燃气采暖、电动采暖和蓄热的应用,开始受到关注。本文对热电联产、燃气锅炉、电炉、电动热泵以及蓄热的应用前景做初步的分析与探讨     

供热系统中的机组联网供热改造

依据国家节能减排政策的大力实施,就电厂所采取的热电联产方式做了简单介绍,同时对电厂多台机组运行情况下实现联网供热进行了相应阐述,并以实际案例分析机组联网供热的合理性和经济性。     

联片供热工程在哈尔滨市的实施2

介绍了哈尔滨市联片供热工程试点工作的实施情况；     

供热锅炉房改为热电联产是缓解冬季供电紧张的有效措施

<正> 目前,我国工业锅炉的平均热效率只有55%,比国外工业锅炉的保证热效率低10%以上。而我国工业锅炉的煤耗量占原煤产量的1/3,尤其是我国北方地区冬季采暖用煤耗量很大。因此,在有条件的工业区和民用生活区     

凝汽式汽轮机的供热改造

随着电力供应状况的改善,中,小型凝汽式汽轮机因效率低而将逐步被淘汰,本文结合运行实践,对凝汽式汽轮机改造为热电联产机组进行讨论,为同类同组适应能源政策,由单一的发电转变为热电联产提供参考。     

供热机组热力系统小改有成效

供热机组热力系统小改有成效安徽省淮北市纺织印染动力责任有限公司王金明热电联合生产，用于热化发电的蒸汽量或热化发电量最多时，效益才能最佳。在热电联产企业实际生产中，一方面由于热负荷不足，或热负荷不够稳定，使供热机组偏离经济工况运行，热效率下降；另一方面...     

英国和欧洲的热电联产_热电联产工程系列报告之二

通过对英国在热电联产工程方面的现状、水平、效益、经营方式及发展前景等进行全面、系统、概括的介绍、旨在引起广大热能动力工作者及相关机构和部门的兴趣和重视,并系统考虑抓紧进行自己的工作。     

丹麦区域供热发展经验及对我国的启示

丹麦建立了高度发达的区域供热体系,2020年该国区域供热量占全社会终端能源消费量的18.6%,区域供热占比位居全球前列。丹麦通过制定一系列的政策法规助推区域供热快速发展,并推动可再生能源成为主力供热来源。丹麦区域供热热源种类呈现多样化、绿色化特点,生物质燃料是区域供热最主要的燃料,2020年固体生物质燃料和城市废弃物焚烧占到区域供热总量的71.8%。热电联产仍是区域供热的主要生产方式,供热量占比约2/3。与此同时,太阳能区域供热规模不断扩大。丹麦区域供热网络一般由长输干管加多个局域输配管网组成,目前已经发展到了第四代。丹麦供热市场体系秩序井然,拥有三级分销、产销一体等市场模式。区域供热热源及管网公司定位于自然垄断企业,受到严格的法律监管。目前我国集中供热还存在一些问题,如热源单一、管理机制不健全、缺少顶层规划以及存在技术障碍、体制障碍等。为了发展完善我国集中供热体系,借鉴丹麦的经验,要注重多能互补绿色高效,建立政府监管和市场导向为主并重的供热管理体系,加强顶层立法和规划,建立完备的要素保障体系。     

我国北方地区小火电改供热的几种可行方案

本文针对我国北方地区特点,对小凝汽机组改造成热电联产进行了全方位的探讨,并从机组剩余寿命、企业的地理位置及热负荷状况等角度,提出了可行性改造方案。     

The evaluation of small cogeneration for residential heating

The decision whether or not to install small cogeneration for residential purposes mainly depends on individual economic considerations, combined with ecological awareness. Since in most cases, the economic balance is still unfavourable, government grants are considered in order to bridge this economic barrier. It is however still unclear how these grants are best spent to obtain an optimal environmental benefit. In the case of cogeneration, mainly static and simplified methods are used, completely neglecting the dynamic interaction between the cogeneration systems and the central power system and the dynamic response of the cogeneration units themselves. In this paper, these issues are discussed in two parts. The first part clarifies how an actual cogeneration unit, if necessary in combination with a back‐up boiler and heat storage, will respond to a certain demand. For this purpose, experiments were performed to establish the transient and stationary behaviour of the system. It is shown that the transient heating of the cogeneration engine is rather slow (e.g. half an hour after cold start, the engine only produced 65% of the heat it would have in stationary regime) where the electric transient behaviour is negligible. In the second part of the paper, dynamic simulations are performed to quantify the impact (primary energy saving and reduction in greenhouse‐gas emissions) of the massive installation of cogeneration for residential heating. Two important parameters are isolated. First, the interaction with the expansion of the central power system is very important. If the installation of cogeneration prevents the commissioning of new power plants, the potential energy saving and (especially) emission reduction are reduced. The second parameter is the annual use of the cogeneration units. Here, the potential energy saving and emission reduction increase with increasing annual use. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

相变换热技术在高原供暖的应用研究

介绍相变换热采暖系统,针对高原部分地区日照短、燃料缺乏,无法正常供暖的实际困难,提出了相变换热取暖系统,并对该系统进行了简要分析及应用介绍,表明该系统能够实现向高原室内供暖需求。     

小型热电厂集中供热的探讨

结合小型热电厂建设的实际情况,对供热系统的设计和运行中的几个技术问题进行了分析和探讨。并提出了一些具体意见,可供供热系统技术人员在设计和运行中参考。     

Do liberalised electricity markets help or hinder CHP and district heating? The case of the UK

This paper investigates whether and how Danish-style combined heat and power (CHP) and district heating (DH) can be implemented in the UK in the context of a liberalised electricity market. There is currently an absence, in the UK, of the Danish system of planning rules and also good tariffs for CHP electricity exports to the grid that led to the development of the Danish system of CHP and DH. However, there are some changes in UK planning practice that may help CHP and DH. These would need to be strengthened, but it is also the case that the way the liberalised electricity market operates in the UK effectively discriminates against small CHP plant selling their electricity to the grid. A Danish system of ‘aggregating’ CHP–DH plant using thermal stores could help to overcome this problem. However, an alternative strategy would be to establish feed-in tariffs for CHP units that are linked to DH modelled on the Danish ‘triple tariff’. This could help the UK's long-term objective of absorbing high levels of fluctuating renewable energy sources.     

国外热电冷三朕产的现状和前景_热电联产工程系列报告之四

本文在前面三个系列报告［１～３］的基础上．着重讨论热电联产工程及技术的新发展──热电冷三联产．对热电冷三联产的基本概念和应用实例进行了介绍。对国内有关工作作了评述和展望。     

CHP development in Denmark Role and results

Energy conservation and restructuring towards more energy-efficient technology have been keywords in Danish energy policy in the 1970s and 1980s. This has been reflected especially in domestic heating, where gross energy consumption per square metre has dropped approximately 45% from the early 1970s onwards. This drop is directly related to the massive expansion of combined generation of heat and power (CHP) effected in the same period. Consequently, some 30% of Danish heat requirements are now met by CHP. The intention is to increase this share by a further 7% over the next decade, resulting in a 37% share of Denmark's total heat requirements by CHP in the year 2000.     

Theoretical research of a silica gel–water adsorption chiller in a micro combined cooling,heating and power (CCHP) system

A novel micro CCHP system, which is based on a two bed silica gel–water adsorption chiller, is constructed in this work. To reveal the chiller characteristic in this system, a transient model of the adsorption chiller is developed. According to the comparison of the simulated results and experimental data, the presented model shows a good performance in predicting the chiller performance, with both stable and variable heat source temperature. With the analysis of simulated results, it is found that the cooling capacity and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the chiller are influenced significantly by the average value and variation rate of electric load, as well as the average value of cooling load. The water tank also shows a great effect on the chiller performance. To get better performance of the chiller, the water tank should be adopted when the electric load is low or its variation rate is positive, and should not be utilized when the electric load is high or its variation rate is negative. A 500 L water tank is recommended in order to get better performance and acceptable start-up time. Furthermore, to get better performance as well as higher security, a cold accumulator should be adopted.     

Life cycle assessment of domestic fuel cell micro combined heat and power generation: Exploring influential factors

Residential Fuel Cell micro combined heat and power (FC-μCHP) systems can help decarburizing the energy system. In the European ene.field project, the environmental performance of FC-μCHP under different conditions was therefore evaluated by means of a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Important influential factors were explored, i.e. heating demands, full load hours (FLHs) and electricity replacement mixes (ERMs). The systems were compared with a stand-alone Gas Condensing Boiler (GCB) and a heat pump (HP, only in single family homes, SFHs). For the initially assumed FLHs and the current ENTSO-E ERM, relevant environmental impacts including climate change are generally smaller for the FC-μCHPs than for the HP and the stand-alone GCB. In the setting “existing SFHs in central climate” with the highest deployment potential, GHG emission savings are higher the more carbon-intensive the ERM is and/or higher the net electricity export into the grid is. The results are discussed and put into perspective. Further research demands as well as product development opportunities are outlined. The importance of a green hydrogen economy is emphasized.     

相变换热技术在供暖系统中的开发前景

介绍相变换热原理、相变暖气片特点以及相变取暖系统的经济性,预示相变换热技术在取暧系统的开发前景。