Synthesis and adsorption properties for Au(Ⅲ) of alkoxycarbonyl thiourea resin

A novel alkoxycarbonyl thiourea resin(ATR) was synthesized by monomer polymerization of oxydiethane-2,1-diyl dicarbonisothiocyanatidate and polyethylene polyamine, and characterized by FT-IR. The adsorption properties of ATR were investigated by batch test. The adsorption capacities for Au(Ⅲ), Ag(Ⅰ), Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ), Ca(Ⅱ) and Mg(Ⅱ) are 4.65, 4.40,0.40, 0.90, 0.86, 0.0080 and 0.016 mmol/g, respectively, when the adsorption condition is as follows: contact time 24 h, temperature 30 ℃, initial concentration of Au(Ⅲ) 5.08 mmol/L and that of other metals 0.10 mol/L, and concentration of acid 1.0 mol/L. The adsorption capacity for Au(Ⅲ) increases with the increase of contact time, temperature and initial concentration of Au(Ⅲ). The capacity after five adsorption-desorption cycles remains 90% that of the first time, and the separation factors of ATR for binary metal ion solutions are larger than 995, indicating that ATR is of good regeneration property and selectivity. XPS results show that the functional atoms of ATR supply electrons for Au and coordinate with Au during the adsorption.     

Biosorption of methylene blue by chemically modified cellulose waste

Citric acid modifi ed cellulose waste（CMCW） was prepared via esterifi cation and used as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue（MB） from aqueous solutions. The effects of biosorbent concentration, initial pH of MB solution, biosorption temperature, contact time, and initial MB concentration on the biosorption of MB were investigated using batch biosorption technique under static conditions. The experimental results showed that CMCW exhibited excellent biosorption characteristics for MB. The maximum biosorption capacity of MB was up to 214.5 mg/g at an adsorption temperature of 293 K. The removal rate of MB onto CMCW reached the maximum at pH〉4 and the biosorption reached an equilibrium at about 50 min. The kinetic data can be described well with the pseudo-second-order model and the isotherm data was found to fi t the Langmuir isotherm with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 211.42 mg/g. The biosorption appears to be controlled by chemisorption and may be involved in surface adsorption and pore diffusion during the whole biosorption process.     

Cadmium sorption from aqueous solutions onto Iranian sepiolite： Kinetics and isotherms

This work aims to investigate the efficiency of Fariman sepiolite from Iran as an adsorbent to remove Cd from aqueous solutions. The effects of different experimental factors such as the initial Cd concentration, contact time and the sorbent dose were investigated through a series of batch adsorption experiments. The results show that the adsorption capacity of sepiolite for Cd increases with the contact time, the initial concentration of Cd solutions and the sorbent dose. Sorption of Cd by Fariman sepiolite is rapid within the first hour of the experiment and then slowly increases until a pseudo equilibrium is approached at 8 h. The results also show that the time-dependent Cd sorption data are better described with pseudo second-order （7〉0.999） than that of pseudo first-order （r2〉0.971） kinetic model. Equilibrium isotherm studies show that the experimental data are better correlated by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm （7〉0.995） than the Langmuir （P〉0.825）. It is suggested that both adsorption and cation exchange reactions are responsible for the sorption of Cd by the sepiolite, and the mineral has a very good potential to remove Cd from aqueous solutions.     

Competitive adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions from aqueous solutions by Ca-alginate immobilized activated carbon and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

To establish a theoretical foundation for simultaneous removal of multi-heavy metals,the adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions from their single and binary systems by Ca-alginate immobilized activated carbon and Saccharomyces cerevisiae （CAS） was investigated.The CAS beads were characterized by Scanning electron microscope （SEM） and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy （FTTR）.The effect of initial pH,adsorbent dosage,contact time and initial metal ions concentration on the adsorption process was systematically investigated.The experimental maximum contents of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） uptake capacity were determined as 64.90 and 166.31 mg/g,respectively.The pseudo-second-order rate equation and Langmuir isotherm model could explain respectively the kinetic and isotherm experimental data of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions in single-component systems with much satisfaction.The experimental adsorption data of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions in binary system were best described by the extended Freundlich isotherm and the extended Langmuir isotherm,respectively.The removal of Cu（lⅡ） ions was more significantly influenced by the presence of the coexistent Pb（Ⅱ） species,while the Pb（Ⅱ） removal was affected slightly by varying the initial concentration of Cu（Ⅱ）.The CAS was successfully regenerated using 1 mol/L HNO3 solution.     

Removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by magnetic humic acid/chitosan composites

A novel adsorbent named magnetic humic acid/chitosan composite(M-HA/Cs) was synthesized by decorating humic acid/chitosan composites with Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles. The adsorption capacity of M-HA/Cs was 1.5 times that of MCs. The effects of solution p H, initial concentration of Pb(Ⅱ) ions and adsorption temperature on Pb(Ⅱ) removal were examined in a batch system and further optimized using Box-Behnken analysis. The recommended optimum conditions are initial Pb(Ⅱ) concentration of 139.90 mg/L, initial pH of 4.98, and temperature of 43.97 oC. The adsorption processes could be well described by pseudo-second-order and Elovich models. Isotherm studies reveal that the adsorption process follows Sips and Temkin models. The thermodynamic study indicats that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. The potential mechanism of Pb(Ⅱ) on M-HA/Cs at pH 5 may be surface electrostatic attraction, coordination and hydrogen bonding.     

Adsorption of congo red onto lignocellulose/montmorillonite nanocomposite

Lignocellulose/montmorillonite (LNC/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared and characterized by FTIR and XRD. The adsorption of congo red (CR) on LNC/MMT nanocomposite was studied in detail. The effects of contact temperature, pH value of the dye solutions, contact time and concentration of dye solutions on the adsorption capacities of lignocellulose (LNC), montmorillonite (MMT) and the nanocomposite were investigated. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms and adsorption thermodynamics of the nanocomposite for CR were also studied. The results show that the adsorption capacity of LNC/MMT nanocomosite is higher than that of LNC and MMT. All the adsorption processes fit very well with the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir equation. From thermodynamic studies, it is seen that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic.     

Experimental design technique on removal of hydrogen sulfide using CaO-eggshells dispersed onto palm kernel shell activated carbon: Experiment,optimization, equilibrium and kinetic studies

This study presents the use of chicken eggshells waste utilizing palm kernel shell based activated carbon(PKSAC) through the modification of their surface to enhance the adsorption capacity of H_2S. Response surface methodology technique was used to optimize the process conditions and they were found to be: 500 mg/L for H_2S initial concentration, 540 min for contact time and 1 g for adsorbent mass. The impacts of three arrangement factors(calcination temperature of impregnated activated carbon(IAC), the calcium solution concentration and contact time of calcination) on the H_2S removal efficiency and impregnated AC yield were investigated. Both responses IAC yield(IACY, %) and removal efficiency(RE, %) were maximized to optimize the IAC preparation conditions. The optimum preparation conditions for IACY and RE were found as follows: calcination temperature of IAC of 880 ℃, calcium solution concentration of 49.3% and calcination contact time of 57.6 min, which resulted in 35.8% of IACY and 98.2% RE. In addition, the equilibrium and kinetics of the process were investigated. The adsorbent was characterized using TGA, XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, and BET. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 543.47 mg/g. The results recommended that the composite of PKSAC and Ca O could be a useful material for H_2S containing wastewater treatment.     

Adsorption behavior of cross-linked chitosan modified by graphene oxide for Cu（Ⅱ） removal

Cross-linked chitosan（CS）,cross-linked chitosan/graphene（CS/RGO10） and cross-linked chitosan/graphene oxide（CS/GO10） were prepared as adsorbents for Cu（Ⅱ）.The effects of pH,contact time,adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of Cu（Ⅱ） on the adsorbing abilities of CS,CS/RGO10 and CS/GO10 to Cu（Ⅱ） were investigated.The results demonstrate that the adsorption capacities of CS/GO10 and CS/RGO10 are greater than that of CS,especially at pH 5.0 and the adsorption capacities are 202.5,150 and 137.5 mg/g,respectively.Their behaviors obey the Freundlich isotherm model very well.Additionally,CS/GO10 has the shortest time to achieve adsorption equilibrium among them and can be used as a perspective adsorbent for Cu（Ⅱ）.     

Adsorption of sulfate in aqueous solutions by organo-nano-clay： Adsorption equilibrium and kinetic studies

The adsorption of sulfate in aqueous solutions onto organo-nano-clay prepared by natural zeolite and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） was studied.Parameters such as adsorbent dosage,contact time and temperature were investigated using batch adsorption studies.The results show that the uptake of sulfate increases with the increase of contact time and temperature,and decreases with the increase of dosage.The Freundlich isotherm model is fit to explain the sulfate adsorption onto organo-nano-clay.The maximum adsorption capacity is found to be 38.02 mg/g at 40 ℃.The kinetic data fit well the pseudo-second-order and Elovich models with a R2 more than 0.98.It is suggested that chemisorption is the rate-controlling step for adsorption of sulfate onto organo-nano-clay,meanwhile both intraparticle diffusion and boundary layer diffusion also contribute as well.Ion-exchange between sulfate anions and bromide ions and complexation between sulfate anions and CTAB cations are responsible for the mechanism of sulfate adsorption.
Keywords：organo-nano-clay; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB）; modification; sulfate; adsorption     

Removal of aqueous Ni(Ⅱ) with carbonized leaf powder: Kinetics and equilibrium

Nickel is a heavy metal which has the potential threaten to human's health and attracts public concern recently. The carbonized leaf powder is expected as suitable adsorbent for Ni(II) removal became of the composition of some beneficial groups. In this work, carbonized leaf powder was evaluated for its adsorption performance towards Ni(II). According to the results, adsorbent component, dosage, initial solute concentration, solution p H, temperature and contact time can significantly affect the efficiency of Ni(II) removal. Sips model fits the test results best, and the adsorption capacity towards Ni(II) is determined around 37.62 mg/g. The thermodynamic behaviors reveal the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption. The free adsorption energy(fluctuate around 8 k J/mol) predicted by D-R model indicates that the adsorption capacity originated from both physical and chemical adsorption. Room temperature(15-25 °C) is suitable for Ni(II) removal as well as low energy consumption for temperature enhancement. Further conclusions about the mechanism of chemical adsorption are obtained through analysis of the FT-IR test and XRD spectra, which indicates that the adsorption process occurs predominantly between amine, carbonate, phosphate and nickel ions.     

Template synthesis and adsorption properties of chitosan salicylal Schiff bases

To improve the adsorption properties of chemically modified chitosan, the chelating resin of salicylal chitosan Schiff bases was prepared by the template cross-linking method using Cu(Ⅱ) as template ion and ethylene glycol bisglycidyl ether as cross-linking agent in microwave, and was characterized by IR. The adsorption capacity and selectivity coefficient of the chemically modified chitosan for Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ) and Zn(Ⅱ) were investigated, respectively. The results show that the adsorption capacity of the resin 2.73 mmol/g for Cu(Ⅱ) is bigger than that for other two metal ions, 0.22 mmol/g for Fe(Ⅲ), and 0.42 mmol/g for Zn(Ⅱ), and the selectivity coefficients are as follows: KCu(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)=12.4, KCu(Ⅱ)/Zn(Ⅱ)=6.5.     

二氧化锰改性多壁碳纳米管吸附水中Sb(Ⅲ)

采用液相氧化还原法制备二氧化锰/多壁碳纳米管（MnO2/MWNTs）复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、激光粒度仪和N2吸附-脱附对改性前后MWNTs的物化性能进行表征.通过对水中Sb(Ⅲ)的静态吸附试验考察改性碳纳米管的吸附容量,同时还考察pH值、锑的初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和温度对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,在Sb(Ⅲ)初始浓度为1.5 mg/L、吸附剂投加量为0.5 g/L、温度为298 K、pH值为2.00的条件下,二氧化锰改性后的碳纳米管对锑的去除率可达到97.72%,比未改性碳纳米管的去除率提高51.29%,吸附容量也从原始CNT的3.01 mg/g增大到6.00 mg/g.最后发现该吸附过程较好地符合Freundlich吸附等温线,pH值对吸附效果的影响较大.     

MCM-41的化学修饰及其对Cu2+的吸附性能

为了改善介孔分子筛MCM-41的吸附性能,通过两步化学反应依次用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和一溴代乙酸对其进行化学修饰.采用扫描电镜、接触角、红外光谱等方法对功能化前后的介孔分子筛进行表征.同时,以铜离子为目标污染物,考察了pH值、吸附时间和初始质量浓度对吸附剂吸附性能的影响,探讨了介孔吸附剂对Cu2+的等温吸附特征.实验结果表明:经过羧基化表面修饰后,介孔吸附剂吸附50mg/LCu2+溶液的最佳pH值为6、平衡吸附时间为40min,吸附剂对Cu2+的等温吸附曲线符合经典的Langmuir模型和理论的Freundlich模型,理论最大吸附量为38.46mg/g.     

负载型Al(OH)3/SiO2的合成及对铀酰的吸附性能

制备了负载型吸附剂Al(OH)₃/SiO₂,研究其对铀酰离子的吸附行为。分别考察了吸附剂质量、溶液pH、初始浓度、温度和吸附时间对吸附性能的影响;结合吸附等温线、热力学以及动力学初步研究了吸附机理,并探究了共存离子和富里酸对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,当吸附剂质量0.03 g、pH=5、初始浓度1 mmol/L、温度303 K、吸附时间60 min时,最大吸附量为110.4 mg/g,可以重复使用4次;Al(OH)₃/SiO2对铀酰离子的吸附过程是吸热且自发进行,以单分子层吸附为主,吸附行为符合准二级动力学模型,化学吸附是速率控制步骤。     

Removal of Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ） from aqueous solution by adsorption on sugarcane pulp residue

Sugarcane pulp residue (SPR), a waste from sugar-refinery, which possesses a large surface area, can be used for removing chromium (Cr(III) and Cr(VI)) from wastewater. In this work, the kinetics, isotherms of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption and their removal by SPR were investigated. The results show that the removal percentages of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) increase with increasing SPR dosage and temperature and decrease with increasing SPR particle size and the initial concentration of chromium ions. However, the influence of pH value on the Cr(VI) removal differs from that of the Cr(III) removal. The Cr(VI) removal percentage decreases with increasing pH values, while the Cr(III) removal percentage increases with increasing pH value. The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) well fits with pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir adsorption isotherm can well describe the adsorption phenomena of chromium ions with the maximum adsorption capacity of 0.567 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 3.446 mg/g for Cr(III). Moreover, SPR reveals higher adsorption capacity for Cr(III) than that for Cr(VI), which implies that SPR has more potential application for Cr(III)-containing wastewater treatment than that for Cr(VI)-containing wastewater treatment. Foundation item: Projects(2006AA06Z374, 2007AA021304) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(2008SK2007) supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province, China     

Synthesis of modified D401 chelating resin and its adsorption properties for Pb^2＋

A novel chelating resin with sulfonic group was synthesized by chemical modification of D401 resin with sulphonation reaction and characterized by FT-IR spectrometry. The adsorption properties of the novel chelating resin for Pb²⁺ were studied by batch adsorption, and the adsorption process was analyzed from thermodynamics and kinetics aspects. The adsorption mechanism of Pb²⁺ on the modified D401 chelating resin was discussed by FT-IR spectrometry. Experimental results show that in the Pb²⁺ concentration range of 200–400 mg/L, the adsorption capacities of the modified D401 chelating resin for Pb²⁺ increase by 77%–129%, and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model is more suitable for the equilibrium adsorption data. Adsorption is an endothermic process that runs spontaneously. Kinetic analysis shows that the adsorption rate is mainly governed by liquid film diffusion. The best pH value under adsorption condition is 4–5. The saturated resin can be regenerated by 3 mol/L nitric acid, and the adsorption capacity remains stable after five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. The maximal static saturated adsorption capacity of the resin is 206 mg/g at 333 K in the Pb²⁺ concentration range of 200–400 mg/L. The modified D401 chelating resin is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb²⁺ from its single-metal ion solution. Foundation item: Project(708049) supported by the Important Item Cultivation Foundation of Scientific Innovation Project of Colleges and Universities of China     

新型螯合树脂聚苯乙烯负载葡糖胺对Pd(II)吸附性能的研究

合成了新型螯合树脂聚苯乙烯负载葡糖胺(PS-GA),并研究了所合成树脂对Pd(II)的吸附容量、吸附动力学、等温吸附等静态吸附性能及影响吸附的因素。结果表明:该树脂对Pd(II)的吸附量较高;树脂对Pd(II)的吸附为液膜扩散控制,吸附的活化能为59.76 kJ/mol;在实验浓度范围内,对Pd(II)的等温吸附符合弗伦德利希方程;较高温度有利于吸附;树脂可用2%的硫脲-0.1 mol/L HNO3清洗再生,再生后仍保持良好的吸附能力。     

Study on removing zinc from nickel electrolyte by ion-exchange

Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｙｚｉｎｃｉｎｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｅｉｓｌｉ ｍｉｔｅｄｓｔｒｉｃｔｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｎｉｃｋｅｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｂｙｄｉａｐｈｒａｇｍｅｌｅｃ ｔｒｏｌｙｓｉｓ .Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ ,ｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇｎｉｃｋｅｌｏｆｚｅｒｏ ｇｒａｄｅ (Ｃｈｉｎａｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ) ,ｚｉｎｃｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｅｌｅｃ ｔｒｏｌｙｔｅｉｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄｔｏｂｅｌｏｗｅｒｔｈａｎ 0 .0 0 0 3ｇ/Ｌ .Ｆｏｒｚｉｎｃ ｒｅｍｏｖｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｎ…     

啤酒废酵母对Pb2+的吸附

为了开发新型生物吸附剂, 研究了啤酒废酵母对Pb^{2 +}的生物吸附能力。初步确定了啤酒废酵母对Pb^{2 +}的最佳吸附条件, 起始pH 为5, Pb^{2 +}的起始质量浓度为50 mg/ L, 酵母的质量浓度为1 g/ L, 吸附温度为30 ℃,吸附时间为60 min , 在此条件下啤酒废酵母对Pb^{2 +}的吸附率可达93.50 %。对吸附了Pb^{2 +}的啤酒废酵母进行解吸实验, 表明浓度为1 mol/ L 的HCl 为较好的解吸剂, 其解吸率可达54.59 %。通过计算分析表明, 啤酒废酵母对Pb^{2 +}的吸附符合Langmuir 吸附模型和Freundlich 吸附模型, 且符合Langmuir 吸附模型的程度更优。最后对未吸附Pb^{2 +}的空白酵母和吸附Pb^{2 +}的酵母进行了红外光谱分析, 比较了啤酒废酵母吸附Pb^{2 +}前后的变化。     

Adsorption characteristics of thiobacillus ferrooxidans on surface of sulfide minerals

By using thiobacillus ferroxidans (T. f) from Qixiashan, Hubei Province, China, the adsorption characteristics of T. f on surface of sulfide mineral were studied. The influences of adsorption time, pH value, temperature, initial inoculated concentration of bacteria, concentration of sulfide mineral powder, and variety of minerals on the adsorption characteristics were firstly investigated by using the ninhydrin colorimetric method, and the changes of contact angles and Zeta potentials of mineral surface during the bacterial adsorption were then determined. The results show that when the leaching experiments are performed for a long time from several days to a month, the maximal quantity of adsorption of T f on the surface of pyrite is obtained under the following conditions: leaching for 20 d, pH value in range of 1–2 and temperature at 30 °C, respectively; when the bio-leaching experiments are performed for a shorter leaching time, the maximal quantity of adsorption is obtained under the conditions: bio-leaching for 2 h, at 2.4×10⁷ cell/mL of initial inoculated bacteria concentration, and at 10% of mineral powder concentration; and the adsorption quantities are different from one sulfide mineral to another, and the adsorption of T. f on the surface of sulfide minerals includes three phases: increasing phase, stationary phase and decreasing phase. Foundation item: Project(50321402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; project (2004CB619204) supported by the National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of China