DIFFERENCES IN OPINION-SURVEY RESPONSE PATTERNS AS A FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF SURVEY ADMINISTRATION.

FOR A POPULATION OF MALE TECHNICAL EMPLOYEES IN A LARGE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION THE METHOD OF RESPONDING TO AN OPINION SURVEY MADE NO DIFFERENCE IN THE LEVEL OF RESPONSES GIVEN. HOWEVER, THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE SURVEY WAS ADMINISTERED DID HAVE AN EFFECT ON RESPONSE. WHEN EMPLOYEES WERE SURVEYED ON THEIR JOB LOCATIONS UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF A COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE THERE WAS A TENDENCY TO RESPOND MORE FAVORABLY TO A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF GENERAL-OPINION QUESTIONS, PARTICULARLY QUESTIONS DEALING WITH THE "COMPANY IN GENERAL," THAN WHEN THEY WERE PERMITTED TO RESPOND IN A NONOFFICE LOCATION. THE UNDERLYING DYNAMICS OF THIS RESULT ARE NOT CLEAR, BUT THE SIGNIFICANT POINT IS THAT THE METHOD OF QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTRATION CAN SERVE AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF DISTORTION IN EMPLOYEE-OPINION-SURVEY DATA. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

LABOR TURNOVER AS A FUNCTION OF WORKER DIFFERENCES, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND AUTHORITARIANISM OF FOREMEN.

THE LABOR TURNOVER RATE OF MALE PRODUCTION WORKERS OF A TELEVISION PICTURE-TUBE MANUFACTURING COMPANY WAS STUDIED WITH RESPECT TO: BIOGRAPHICAL DATA, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND AUTHORITARIANISM OF FOREMEN. IT WAS FOUND THAT WORKERS WHO TERMINATED THEIR EMPLOYMENT WITHIN 1 YR. WERE YOUNGER, HAD MORE JOBS IN THE 2 YR. PRECEDING THEIR EMPLOYMENT WITH THE COMPANY, AND HAD HIGHER HOURLY WAGES ON THEIR LAST JOB, AS COMPARED WITH WORKERS WHO MAINTAINED THEIR EMPLOYMENT FOR MORE THAN 1 YR. ALTHOUGH THE TURNOVER RATE WAS FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER ON THE 2ND AND 3RD SHIFTS AS COMPARED WITH THE 1ST SHIFT, NO DIFFERENCE IN RATES WAS FOUND AMONG THE 6 WORK SECTIONS WHICH DIFFERED CONSIDERABLY IN TERMS OF PHYSICAL WORK CONDITIONS. THE MAJOR FACTOR FOUND TO BE RELATED TO LABOR TURNOVER WAS THE DEGREE OF AUTHORITARIANISM OF THE 12 FOREMEN OF THE WORK SECTIONS, I.E., TURNOVER RATE CORRELATED .76 WITH AUTHORITARIANISM RATINGS OF THE FOREMEN. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION AND PHYSICAL ILLNESS.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT BOTH SENSITIZERS AND REPRESSERS EXCEED THOSE INDIVIDUALS FALLING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE DISTRIBUTION WITH RESPECT TO FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY OF ILLNESSES. EXP. I UTILIZED 2 INDEPENDENT SAMPLES OF UNDERGRADUATES (N = 173 AND 319) WHO WERE GIVEN THE REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION (R-S) SCALE AND A HEALTH SURVEY. THERE WAS NO SUPPORT FOR THE CURVILINEARITY HYPOTHESIS, BUT ON 12 HEALTH ITEMS IN BOTH SAMPLES, SENSITIZERS INDICATED GREATER FREQUENCY AND/OR SEVERITY OF ILLNESS THAN DID REPRESSERS. IN THE EXP. II A SUBSAMPLE OF 85 EXTREME SCORERS ON THE R-S SCALE FROM A POOL OF 319 SS WERE COMPARED WITH RESPECT TO THE NUMBER OF VISITS MADE TO THE UNIVERSITY HEALTH CENTER DURING 1 ACADEMIC YR. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE INDICATED THAT MALE SENSITIZERS DO IN FACT SEEK MEDICAL HELP SIGNIFICANTLY MORE FREQUENTLY THAN MALE REPRESSERS; FOR FEMALES, HEALTH CENTER VISITS WERE UNRELATED TO R-S SCORES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MEASUREMENT OF SOCIAL COMPETENCE IN COLLEGE MALES.

DESCRIBES THE CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF AN INSTRUMENT TO ASSESS SOCIAL COMPETENCE IN COLLEGE MALES. ITEMS WERE WRITTEN ASKING FOR REPORTS OF VERIFIABLE BEHAVIOR OR BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION WHICH REFLECTED SOCIAL PARTICIPATION, INTERPERSONAL COMPETENCE, ACHIEVEMENT, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY. AFTER PRELIMINARY CLARIFICATION AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE ITEMS, THOSE 20 ITEMS WHICH WITHSTOOD AN INTERNAL CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS WERE LABELED THE B-III SCALE. THE SCALE WAS VALIDATED BY DEMONSTRATING THAT HIGH AND LOW B-III SCORERS DIFFERED IN THE ANTICIPATED MANNER ON THE MMPI. IN ADDITION, SOCIALLY COMPETENT FRATERNITY MEMBERS SCORED HIGHER THAN SOCIALLY INCOMPETENT MEMBERS, WHO SCORED HIGHER THAN A CLASSROOM NORMATIVE SAMPLE. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VOCATIONAL INTERESTS AND ACCIDENT PRONENESS.

THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF AN INDEX OF ACCIDENT PRONENESS (AP) OBTAINED FROM THE SVIB WITH ACCIDENT RATE, AGE, JOB TENURE, AND JOB HAZARD WERE INVESTIGATED. A SAMPLE OF 62 INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES INCLUDING UNSKILLED AND PROFESSIONAL WORKERS WAS STUDIED. THE FOLLOWING RESULTS WERE OBTAINED: A HIGHER THAN AVERAGE ACCIDENT RATE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO HIGH JOB HAZARD (PHI = +.31) AND HIGH AP SCORES (PHI = +.28). A LONGER THAN AVERAGE JOB TENURE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO A LOW ACCIDENT RATE (PHI = -.38) AND CURRENT PLACEMENT IN LESS HAZARDOUS JOBS (PHI = -.27). SS HAVING LONG TENURE ALSO HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER AP SCORES (PHI = -.29), AND OLDER SS ALSO TENDED TO HAVE LOWER AP SCORES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COMPARISON OF QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES WITH AND WITHOUT PRECEDING INTERVIEWS.

REPORTS THE RESULTS OF A FIELD EXPERIMENT CARRIED OUT IN AN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION TO TEST THE IMPACT ON FIXED-ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONNAIRE ANSWERS OF HAVING SOME RESPONDENTS BE INTERVIEWED BY A SERIES OF OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS COVERING THE SAME TOPICS PRIOR TO TAKING THE QUESTIONNAIRE. MORE NEGATIVE DATA WERE PROVIDED ABOUT PEER RELATIONS BY THOSE WHO WERE INTERVIEWED BEFORE DOING THE QUESTIONNAIRE THAN BY THOSE WHO WERE NOT. THIS FINDING HELD FOR BOTH LOW- AND HIGH-SKILL EMPLOYEES. THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE IN THE DATA ABOUT SUPERIORS UNDER THE 2 METHODOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. 2 CONTINUA FOR EXPLAINING FIELD METHOD EFFECTS ON QUESTIONNAIRE VALIDITY ARE PROPOSED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SELF-ESTEEM AS A MODERATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-PERCEIVED ABILITIES AND VOCATIONAL CHOICE.

TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT HIGH-SELF-ESTEEM STUDENTS ARE MORE LIKELY TO CHOOSE THOSE OCCUPATIONS WHICH THEY PERCEIVE TO REQUIRE THEIR HIGH ABILITIES THAN THOSE WITH LOW SELF-ESTEEM. THE HYPOTHESIS WAS SUPPORTED, THUS EMPHASIZING FURTHER THE ROLE OF SELF-ESTEEM AS A MODERATOR ON THE CHOICE OF OCCUPATIONAL ROLES. SOME IMPLICATIONS OF THESE FINDINGS FOR A CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM WHEREBY CHOICE PATTERNS WHICH ARE A FUNCTION OF SELF-ESTEEM ALSO TEND TO REINFORCE THE LEVEL OF SELF-ESTEEM ARE DISCUSSED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ELIMINATION OF A SADISTIC FANTASY BY A CLIENT-CONTROLLED COUNTERCONDITIONING TECHNIQUE: A CASE STUDY.

BELIEVED TO BE THE 1ST REPORT OF THE ELIMINATION OF A SADISTIC FANTASY BY CONDITIONING METHODS, AS WELL AS THE 1ST TO DESCRIBE A TECHNIQUE FOR COUNTERCONDITIONING SEXUAL RESPONSES. THE CLIENT WAS A 21-YR-OLD COLLEGE MALE. THE THERAPY ENTAILED CLIENT-CONTROLLED MASTURBATION SESSIONS, IN WHICH STRONG SEXUAL FEELINGS WERE PAIRED WITH PICTURES AND IMAGES OF FEMALES IN NONSADISTIC CONTEXTS. THIS PRESUMED POSITIVE COUNTERCONDITIONING WAS SUPPLEMENTED IN THE CONSULTING ROOM BY IMAGINAL AVERSIVE COUNTERCONDITIONING ("COVERT SENSITIZATION"), WHEREBY AN EXTREMELY DISGUSTING SCENE WAS PAIRED IN IMAGINATION WITH A TYPICAL SADISTIC FANTASY. FURTHERMORE, THERAPEUTIC CHANGE SEEMED TO BE FACILITATED THROUGH THE CLIENT'S RECONSTRUCTION OF HIS PROBLEM IN CONDITIONING TERMS, RATHER THAN IN TERMS OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSES. (36 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ALIENATION, ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND WORKER RESPONSES.

DATA GATHERED FROM 1900 MALE WORKERS LOCATED IN 21 PLANTS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES ARE PRESENTED AND ANALYZED TO DETERMINE THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS PRESUMED TO INDEX FEELINGS OF ALIENATION FROM MIDDLE-CLASS NORMS. PREDICTIONS WERE MADE THAT WORKERS IN COMMUNITIES WHICH SHOULD FOSTER INTEGRATION WITH MIDDLE-CLASS NORMS WOULD STRUCTURE THEIR JOBS DIFFERENTLY AND WOULD RESPOND DIFFERENTLY THAN ALIENATED WORKERS. WORKERS IN COMMUNITIES FOSTERING INTEGRATION WITH MIDDLE-CLASS NORMS SHOULD REPORT HIGHER SATISFACTION ON HIGHLY SKILLED JOBS. THEY SHOULD VALUE RETIREMENT AND SHOULD PLAN FOR IT WHILE WORKING. ALIENATED WORKERS SHOULD REPORT LOWER SATISFACTION ON HIGHLY SKILLED JOBS. PAY SHOULD HAVE A STRONGER EFFECT ON THE SATISFACTION OF ALIENATED WORKERS, AND THESE WORKERS WOULD BE MORE LIKELY TO LOOK FOR OTHER WORK AFTER RETIREMENT. THE PREDICTIONS WERE REGARDED AS CONFIRMED FOR BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE FINDINGS FOR STRIVING NEED-THEORETIC MODELS OF HUMAN MOTIVATION ARE DISCUSSED. (23 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE: ITS RELATION TO THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS AND THE DELINQUENT ROLE.

USED THE ASSUMPTION THAT PERSONAL FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE (FTP) IS RELATED TO THE OUTCOME OF THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT NONDELINQUENT (ND) AND DELINQUENT (D) BOYS WOULD BE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT IN THE EXTENT OF FTP. 100 NDS AND 100 DS MATCHED FOR AGE, SOCIAL STATUS, RACE, AND INTELLIGENCE WERE ADMINISTERED THE FUTURE EVENTS TEST. THE NDS ACHIEVED A SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER EXTENT OF FTP THAN THE DS. RESULTS WERE REPLICATED ON A RANDOM SAMPLE OF 100 NDS AND 100 DS. THE RESULTS WERE ALMOST IDENTICAL TO THOSE FOUND IN THE MATCHED GROUPS. AN ANALYSIS OF THE 36 TEST ITEMS REVEALED THOSE ITEMS WITH (1) DIFFERENTIAL ENDORSEMENT BETWEEN ND AND D SAMPLES, (2) SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT MEAN FUTURE AGE SCORES BETWEEN GROUPS, AND (3) DIFFERENTIAL VARIABILITY BETWEEN THE NDS AND DS. GENERALLY THE NDS ENDORSED THE MORE PROSOCIAL ITEMS, WERE MORE HOMOGENEOUS IN FTP SCORES, AND WERE MORE REALITY ORIENTED WITH REGARD TO THE FUTURE. (21 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

USE OF THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL IN A TEST OF SUPER'S VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT THEORY.

3 HYPOTHESES DERIVED FROM THE THEORY THAT VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT IS DEPENDENT UPON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SELF-CONCET WERE TESTED: (1) THE SAME DIMENSIONS OF MEANING ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE SELF- AND JOB-RELATED CONCEPTS, (2) SS WILL RATE THE CONCEPTS IN THE SAME WAY ACROSS THE DIMENSIONS, AND (3) THE SELF-CONCEPT IS STABLE OVER TIME. 89 JUNE GRADUATING SENIORS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, WERE USED AS SS FOR ESTABLISHING THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF THE MYSELF CONCEPT. THIS STRUCTURE WAS THEN COMPARED TO THE CONCEPTS MYSELF, MY JOB, AND EMPLOYER, ADMINISTERED AFTER SS WERE EMPLOYED. 40 JANUARY GRADUATING SENIORS WERE USED FOR CROSS-VALIDATION. HYPOTHESES 1 AND 2 WERE PARTIALLY REJECTED; HYPOTHESIS 3 WAS ACCEPTED AT THE .01 LEVEL. THE THEORY THAT JOB SATISFACTION AND LIFE ADJUSTMENT ARE DUE TO A GENERAL EVALUATIVE PERSONALITY DISPOSITION IS OFFERED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CONGRUENCY THEORY. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COUNSELING READINESS AND THE PROBLEM-SOLVING BEHAVIOR OF CLIENTS.

THE HYPOTHESIS OF AN OPPOSITE-SIGN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COUNSELING READINESS (TENDENCY TO CONTINUE IN COUNSELING VS. TERMINATE PREMATURELY) AND PROBLEM-SOLVING DEPENDENCY FOR 32 MALES AND 19 FEMALES WAS TESTED USING COLLEGE CLIENTS. COUNSELOR RATINGS OF THE PROBLEM-SOLVING BEHAVIOR OF SS, AS OBSERVED DURING EARLY CONTACTS, WERE RELATED TO A VALIDATED MEASURE OF COUNSELING READINESS, AND THE PREDICTION WAS CONFIRMED. HIGHER COUNSELING READINESS IN MALES WAS CONSISTENT WITH THEIR DEPENDENCY UPON OTHERS FOR PROBLEM SOLUTION, WHEREAS FEMALE COUNSELING READINESS COMBINED PARADOXICALLY WITH PROBLEM-SOLVING INDEPENDENCY. THE MALE'S CONTINUATION IN COUNSELING WAS INTERPRETED IN TERMS OF GREATER DEPENDENCY STRIVINGS AND LESSER SENSITIVITY TO MASCULINE SEX-ROLE CONFORMITY; FEMALE CONTINUATION WAS CONJECTURED TO BE RELATED TO INITIAL MALE THERAPIST NONDIRECTIVENESS WITH FEMALES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COGNITIVE SENSITIVITY TO AVERSIVE MATERNAL STIMULATION IN LATE-ADOLESCENT MALES.

THE DEGREE OF INTERFERENCE PRODUCED BY SIMULATED MATERNAL CENSURE AND CONTROL WITH THE COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE OF LATE ADOLESCENTS WHO PERCEIVED THEIR MOTHERS AS CONTROLLING AND HOSTILE (HC-LN) WAS USED TO IDENTIFY SS WHO HAD ADAPTED TO THESE AVERSIVE MATERNAL CUES AND THOSE WHO HAD NOT. CONTROLS HAD LOW-CONTROL, HIGH NURTURANCE (LC-HN) MOTHERS. SS WERE 40 MALE STUDENTS. COMPARISON OF DISRUPTED AND NONDISRUPTED HC-LN MALES ON THE MMPI FOUND DISRUPTED SS HIGHER ON THE MA SCALE AND NONDISRUPTED SS HIGHER ON THE D SCALE. NO MMPI DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND FOR CONTROLS. IT WAS PROPOSED THAT INNER-DIRECTEDNESS (HIGH D) WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ADAPTATION TO AVERSIVE MATERNAL CUES, OUTER-DIRECTEDNESS (HIGH MA), WITH NONADAPTATION. OVERALL GROUP COMPARISONS SHOWED HC-LN SS HIGHER ON THE D, PT, SC, AND SI SCALES THAN LC-HN SS. (22 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

OCCUPATIONAL VALIDITY OF THE GENERAL APTITUDE TEST BATTERY.

SUMMARIZES 20 YR. OF OCCUPATIONAL VALIDATION ON THE GENERAL APTITUDE TEST BATTERY (GATB) IN TERMS OF AVERAGE VALIDITY WITH JOB PROFICIENCY AND TRAINING CRITERIA, AND CONCURRENT AND LONGITUDINAL STUDIES. THESE 4 CATEGORIES ARE STUDIED FROM THE STANDPOINT OF SINGLE AND MULTIAPTITUDE PREDICTION. THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF MANY OF THE 9 GATB APTITUDES IN PREDICTING CRITERIA IS DEPENDENT ON WHETHER JOB PROFICIENCY OR TRAINING CRITERIA ARE USED. LONGITUDINAL STUDIES TEND TO HAVE HIGHER-APTITUDE CRITERION CORRELATIONS THAN CONCURRENT. THE MEDIAN VALIDITY OF BATTERIES OF GATB APTITUDES TENDS TO BE HIGHER WITH STUDIES USING TRAINING CRITERIA OR THE LONGITUDINAL DESIGN THAN JOB-PROFICIENCY CRITERIA OR THE CONCURRENT DESIGN. THE SUMMARY IS BASED UPON 424 STUDIES INVOLVING OVER 25,000 EMPLOYEES, APPLICANTS, TRAINEES, AND STUDENTS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS IN A TWO-HAND CRANKING TASK.

48 SS WERE RUN ON A 2-HAND CRANKING TASK IN 4 INDEPENDENT GROUPS WITH DIFFERENT CONTROL-DISPLAY LINKAGE. WITHIN-GROUP CONDITIONS INCLUDED 3 STIMULUS CODES AND 4 RESPONSE COMBINATIONS. TOTAL ADJUSTMENT TIME AND RESPONSE LATENCIES FOR EACH HAND SERVED AS RESPONSE MEASURES. RESULTS FOR TOTAL ADJUSTMENT TIME SHOWED SIGNIFICANT STIMULUS CODE AND PRACTICE EFFECTS, BUT NO DIFFERENCES FOR RESPONSE COMBINATIONS OR FOR THE STIMULUS CODE-RESPONSE COMBINATION INTERACTION. LATENCY DATA REVEALED A PRONOUNCED STIMULUS CODE EFFECT CONSISTENT WITH THAT FOR TOTAL ADJUSTMENT TIME AND DEMONSTRATED THAT CONTROL OF THE LATERAL DIMENSION YIELDED SHORTER LATENCIES THAN THE IN-OUT DIMENSION, REGARDLESS OF THE HAND INVOLVED. THUS, THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF STIMULUS-RESPONSE (S-R) BUT NOT R-R COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH INSTITUTIONALIZED BOYS AND SUBSEQUENT COMMUNITY ADJUSTMENT.

A 1-YR FOLLOW-UP STUDY EVALUATED THE COMMUNITY ADJUSTMENT OF 41 DELINQUENT BOYS WHO, WHILE INCARCERATED, HAD EACH PARTICIPATED IN 40 GROUP AND 20 INDIVIDUAL THERAPY INTERVIEWS, AND 41 MATCHED CONTROL DELINQUENTS. THE THERAPY GROUP HAD A LOW RATE OF RECIDIVISM COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP AND THE INSTITUTIONAL BASE RATES. THE THERAPY GROUP COMMITTED FEWER OFFENSES, BROKE PAROLE LESS, AND HAD A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF BOYS EMPLOYED FOR A LONGER PERIOD OF TIME. WHILE STILL INCARCERATED, 30 OF THE 41 THERAPY BOYS WERE JUDGED TO HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY TREATED, AND THESE BOYS SUBSEQUENTLY MADE A SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER COMMUNITY ADJUSTMENT IN ALL SPHERES THAN ANY OTHER GROUP. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

JOB SATISFACTION AND THE DESIRE FOR CHANGE.

QUESTIONNAIRE DATA ON OFFICE EMPLOYEES' GENERAL READINESS FOR CHANGE, SATISFACTION WITH EXISTING AMOUNTS OF 14 JOB ASPECTS, AND DESIRE FOR JOB-ASPECT CHANGE WERE USED IN TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS THAT A PERSON'S DESIRE FOR SPECIFIC CHANGES IS GOVERNED NOT ONLY BY THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THE ATTRACTIVENESS TO HIM OF EXISTING AND POTENTIAL JOB CHARACTERISTICS BUT ALSO BY HIS ASSESSMENT OF THE VERY PROCESS OF CHANGE. THE HYPOTHESIS IS UPHELD BY RESULTS OF MULTIPLE-REGRESSION ANALYSES OF AGGREGATE SCORES AND OF DATA FOR SEVERAL INDIVIDUAL JOB ASPECTS. (27 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF AGE AND INTELLIGENCE ON THE OPERATION OF SUPPRESSION.

GRADE SCHOOL SS AT 3 AGE LEVELS (M = 8, 91/2, AND 111/2) WERE GIVEN A TAT-LIKE PICTURE WITH A LIMITED NUMBER OF PROMINENT STIMULUS OBJECTS AND ASKED TO TELL STORIES WHICH EXCLUDED 1 OF THE STIMULI. RESPONSES WERE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE PROCESS USED IN SUPPRESSING THE FORBIDDEN STIMULUS. INTELLIGENCE, MEASURED BY SCORES ON FIGURE DRAWINGS, WAS UNCORRELATED WITH ABILITY TO SUPPRESS. DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES, HOWEVER, WERE APPARENT. SEVERAL OF THE YOUNGER SS WERE UNABLE TO COMPLY WITH THE TASK AT ALL, AND GENERALLY USED MORE PRIMITIVE SUPPRESSIVE METHODS THAN OLDER SS. IN ADDITION, THE NUMBER AND REFINEMENT OF SUPPRESSIVE TECHNIQUES USED BY ALL GRADE SCHOOL SS WERE MORE LIMITED THAN THOSE USED BY OLDER SS PREVIOUSLY STUDIED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF NOISE ON TASKS OF VARYING COMPLEXITY.

SIMULTANEOUS TASKS WERE USED TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THE DELETERIOUS EFFECT OF NOISE ON PERFORMANCE VARIES AS A FUNCTION OF TASK COMPLEXITY. 48 COLLEGE STUDENTS PERFORMED ON 1 OF 2 COMPLEXITY LEVELS OF A 4 CHOICE RT TASK WHILE PERFORMING A SECONDARY AUDITORY MONITORING TASK. ALL SS PERFORMED IN BOTH QUIET AND NOISE. PERFORMANCE INDEXES WERE RT AND SECONDARY TASK ERRORS. NOISE PRODUCED A SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER INCREASE IN SECONDARY TASK ERRORS WHEN THE SECONDARY TASK WAS PAIRED WITH THE COMPLEX PRIMARY TASK. SECONDARY TASK PERFORMANCE PROVIDED A MORE SENSITIVE MEASURE OF BOTH TASK COMPLEXITY AND THE EFFECT OF NOISE THAN DID RT. (25 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

NATURAL LANGUAGE MEDIATION AND ALL-OR-NONE LEARNING.

EXPLORED THE ROLE OF NATURAL LANGUAGE MEDIATION (NLM) IN THE ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF VERBAL PAIRED ASSOCIATES. EXP. I USED 3 GROUPS OF 50 SS EACH TO SEE IF AN NLM FOR AN ITEM MIGHT BE THE CIRCUMSTANCE OF ITS ACQUISITION ON 1 TRIAL. 1 GROUP USED I. ROCK'S (SEE 33:1) DROP-OUT METHOD, A 2ND WAS GIVEN W. K. ESTES' (SEE 35:3), RTT PROCEDURE AND A 3RD HAD THE CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF LIST REPETITION WHERE THE SAME LIST WAS REPEATED ON EACH TRIAL. EXP. II, WITH 100 SS, HAD ACQUISITION BY THE LIST REPETITION PROCEDURE AND A RETENTION TEST AFTER 1 WK. THE RESULTS OF EXP. I ESTABLISHED FOR ALL 3 GROUPS THAT ITEMS WERE ACQUIRED IN 1 TRIAL AND HAD A HIGH PROBABILITY OF REMAINING CORRECT; IT MADE NO DIFFERENCE WHETHER THE ITEMS WERE MEDIATED OR ROTE. EXP. II DEMONSTRATED THAT NLMS GAVE BETTER RECALL THAN ROTE LEARNING PROVIDING THAT THE NLMS USED IN ORIGINAL LEARNING WERE REMEMBERED. (FRENCH ABSTRACT) (25 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)