BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF BEING OBSERVED: REACTIONS TO A WIRELESS RADIO TRANSMITTER.

16 PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS WERE OBSERVED UNDER 2 DIFFERENT OBSERVATION CONDITIONS IN 2 DIFFERENT INPATIENT WARD SUBSETTINGS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF THESE OBSERVATION CONDITIONS. RESULTS INDICATE: (1) THE AVERAGE EFFECTS OF WEARING AND BEING OBSERVED WITH A WIRELESS TRANSMITTER MICROPHONE WERE VERY SMALL; (2) THE DIFFERENCES THAT DID OCCUR SUGGESTED AN INCREASE IN PURPOSEFUL AND A DECREASE IN PURPOSELESS ACTIVITY WHILE WEARING THE TRANSMITTER; (3) THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT INDIVIDUAL S * OBSERVATION CONDITION INTERACTIONS, I.E., THAT DIFFERENT SS SHOWED SUBSTANTIALLY DIFFERENT REACTIONS TO THE OBSERVATION CONDITIONS; AND (4) THERE WAS TENTATIVE EVIDENCE THAT INDIVIDUALS WHO SHOWED THE GREATEST CHANGE WITH THE OBSERVATION CONDITIONS TENDED TO HAVE LOWER K AND HIGHER PD, PA, SC, AND MA SCORES ON THE MMPI. (18 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICIPANTS AND NONPARTICIPANTS IN INDIVIDUAL TEST-INTERPRETATION INTERVIEWS.

THE STUDY COMPARED STUDENTS WHO REQUESTED AN INTERPRETIVE INTERVIEW AFTER A BATTERY OF TESTS WITH THOSE WHO DID NOT REQUEST AN INTERVIEW. AN INTERVIEW SAMPLE (N = 96) WAS COMPARED WITH A NONINTERVIEW SAMPLE (N = 35) USING SCORES ON THE MMPI, THE THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL INVENTORY, AND THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST. ONLY THE MMPI COMPARISONS YIELDED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE 2 GROUPS. THE INTERVIEW SAMPLE HAD LOWER SCORES ON SCALES K AND R (WELSH), AND HIGHER SCORES ON SCALES 2 (D), 5 (MF), AND A (WELSH). THE INTERVIEW SAMPLE ALSO HAD A HIGHER MEAN GRADE-POINT AVERAGE THAN THE NONINTERVIEW SAMPLE. AN EXPLANATION OF SOME OF THE OBSERVED DIFFERENCES WAS OFFERED IN TERMS OF DIFFERENCES AMONG SS ALONG THE INTROVERT-EXTRAVERT CONTINUUM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE INTERVIEWERS.

SAMPLE ADDRESSES WERE SELECTED ON A PROBABILITY BASIS FROM THE RECORDS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND THE HOLDINGS REPORTED TO THE INTERVIEWER WERE COMPARED WITH INSTITUTION RECORDS FOR THE DAY OF THE INTERVIEW. THE FREQUENCY WITH WHICH AN INTERVIEWER OBTAINED INFORMATION ABOUT THE VALIDATED ACCOUNT(S) FORMS THE BASIS FOR THE CRITERIA OF INTERVIEWER EFFECTIVENESS. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE MORE EFFECTIVE INTERVIEWERS SCORED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER ON THE DOMINANCE AND INTRACEPTION TESTS AND LOWER ON THE SUCCORANCE AND CHANGE TESTS OF THE EPPS. IN ADDITION, THEY SCORED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN REFERENCE EVALUATIONS OF SELF-CONFIDENCE AND ATTENTION TO DETAIL. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

WORD LEGIBILITY AS A FUNCTION OF LETTER LEGIBILITY, WITH WORD SIZE, WORD FAMILIARITY, AND RESOLUTION AS PARAMETERS.

COMPARED INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERS IN CONTEXT WITH ISOLATED CHARACTERS TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LETTER AND WORD LEGIBILITY. THE WORDS INCLUDED IN THE STIMULUS MATERIAL VARIED IN FAMILIARITY AND LENGTH. 2 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES WERE INTRODUCED TO DEGRADE LEGIBILITY: CHARACTER SIZE AND RESOLUTION. CHARACTERS OF 4 HEIGHTS WERE REPRODUCED AT EACH OF 20 VERTICAL-HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION COMBINATIONS. WORD LEGIBILITY INCREASED WITH RESOLUTION AND WITH CHARACTER SIZE. WORD LENGTH WAS UNIMPORTANT, BUT WORD FAMILIARITY WAS AN IMPORTANT DETERMINANT OF LEGIBILITY. FAMILIAR WORDS WERE FOUND TO BE ABOUT AS LEGIBLE AS INDIVIDUAL LETTERS, WITH A PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT OF .98. UNFAMILIAR WORDS WERE LESS LEGIBLE THAN INDIVIDUAL LETTERS, WITH A COEFFICIENT OF .94. IF THE DEGREE OF FAMILIARITY OF WORDS IS KNOWN, WORD LEGIBILITY CAN BE PREDICTED WITH REASONABLE ACCURACY ON THE BASIS OF LETTER LEGIBILITY. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DEFENSIVENESS AND NEED FOR APPROVAL.

NEED FOR APPROVAL (N APP) AND EXPECTANCY (EXP) OF APPROVAL VS. DISAPPROVAL WERE MANIPULATED UNDER HIGH- AND LOW-CONSEQUENCES (CON) CONDITIONS (IN A 3 * 2 * 2 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE DESIGN) TO DETERMINE THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DEFENSIVENESS (DEF). THE 3 N APP LEVELS WERE OBTAINED BY TRICHOTOMIZING SCORES ON THE MARLOWE-CROWNE SOCIAL DESIRABILITY SCALE; EXP WAS MANIPULATED BY PROVIDING SS WITH EITHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE VERBAL REINFORCEMENT DURING AN INTERVIEW; CON CONSISTED OF E POSING AS A THREATENING AUTHORITY FIGURE TO 30 SS AND AS A STUDENT TO THE REMAINING 30. 3 SEPARATE DEPENDENT-VARIABLE MEASURES WERE USED: THE K SCALE, GOUGH'S DEF SCALE, AND THE ROTTER INCOMPLETE SENTENCES BLANK. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT DEF WOULD INCREASE AS A FUNCTION OF N APP, EXP OF DISAPPROVAL, AND HIGH CON. HOWEVER, SS BECAME MORE DEFENSIVE ONLY UNDER THE HIGH CON CONDITION (P     

ATTITUDES INFERRED FROM NEUTRAL VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS.

THE DIMENSION OF IMMEDIACY IN VERBAL COMMUNICATION QUANTIFIES DEGREE OF THE INTENSITY AND DIRECTNESS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN A COMMUNICATOR AND THE OBJECT OF HIS COMMUNICATION. A PREVIOUS STUDY INDICATES THAT THERE IS MORE IMMEDIACY IN COMMUNICATIONS ABOUT LIKED OTHERS THAN ABOUT DISLIKED OTHERS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY SS, WHO WERE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE EXPLICIT IMMEDIACY CATEGORIES AND ASSOCIATED INFERENCES ABOUT ATTITUDES, WERE PRESENTED WITH PAIRS OF COMMUNICATIONS DIFFERING IN DEGREE OF IMMEDIACY, BUT NEUTRAL IN EXPLICIT COMMUNICATION OF ATTITUDES. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT IN THE CASE OF OSTENSIBLY NEUTRAL COMMUNICATIONS THE MORE IMMEDIATE COMMUNICATION IN EACH PAIR WOULD BE JUDGED AS INDICATING A MORE POSITIVE QUALITY OF COMMUNICATOR ATTITUDE. THE PREDICTION WAS CONFIRMED IN 6 OF THE 7 IMMEDIACY CATEGORIES INVESTIGATED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF SENSORY AND PERCEPTUAL DEPRIVATION ON A BATTERY OF OPEN-ENDED COGNITIVE TASKS.

2 EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED WITH 43 MALE COLLEGE SS TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PERFORMANCE ON OPEN-ENDED COGNITIVE TESTS WILL BE IMPAIRED BY EXPOSURE TO AN IMPOVERISHED SENSORY ENVIRONMENT. THE GUILFORD BATTERY OF CREATIVE THINKING (10 TESTS) WAS ADMINISTERED BEFORE AND AFTER 3 DAYS OF EITHER SENSORY DEPRIVATION (DARKNESS AND SILENCE) OR PERCEPTUAL DEPRIVATION (UNPATTERNED LIGHT AND WHITE NOISE). IN BOTH EXPERIMENTS, NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND BETWEEN THE ISOLATED AND CONTROL SS ON ANY OF THE TESTS. HOWEVER, WHEN DATA OF THE 2 EXPERIMENTS WERE COMBINED, THE ISOLATED SS PERFORMED SIGNIFICANTLY WORSE THAN DID CONTROLS ON A TEST OF IDEATIONAL FLUENCY. IT WAS ALSO OBSERVED THAT THE PREEXPERIMENTAL SCORES OF A GROUP OF 6 ISOLATION QUITTERS WERE CONSISTENTLY LOWER, RELATIVE TO THOSE OF THE SUCCESSFUL ISOLATION ENDURERS AND CONTROLS, ON ALL 10 TESTS. ALTHOUGH NONE OF THE DIFFERENCES WERE STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT (PROBABLY BECAUSE OF THE SMALL SAMPLE OF QUITTERS), THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT LOW PREEXPERIMENTAL SCORES ON OPEN-ENDED COGNITIVE TESTS MAY INDICATE ISOLATION INTOLERANCE. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (24 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

OBJECTIONS TO MMPI ITEMS.

THIS STUDY WAS CONCERNED WITH OBJECTIONS MADE BY COLLEGE STUDENTS TO MMPI QUESTIONS IN 2 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. IN THE "GENERAL" CONDITION, 68 SS WERE ASKED TO TAKE THE MMPI BUT TO OMIT ALL ITEMS THAT THEY WOULD CONSIDER OBJECTIONABLE UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES. IN THE "SELECTION" CONDITION, 69 SS WERE INSTRUCTED TO OMIT QUESTIONS THEY WOULD FIND OBJECTIONABLE IN A JOB-SELECTION SITUATION. THE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS WAS CONCERNED WITH INDIVIDUAL REACTIONS, WITH DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE 2 CONDITIONS, WITH DETERMINING WHICH TYPES OF ITEM CONTENT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH OR LOW PERCENTAGE OF OBJECTIONS, AND WITH THE IMPLICATIONS OF REMOVING ITEMS WITH HIGH OBJECTION RATES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VALIDITY OF WISC SHORT FORMS AT THREE AGE LEVELS.

CORRELATIONS WITH THE FULL SCALE OF ALL POSSIBLE SHORT FORMS OF 2, 3, 4, AND 5 SUBTESTS WERE DETERMINED FROM THE WISC STANDARDIZATION DATA AT 3 AGE LEVELS: 71/2, 101/2, AND 131/2 YR. THE 10 BEST SHORT FORMS OF EACH LENGTH AT EACH AGE LEVEL WERE CONSIDERED, AND INFORMATION WAS GIVEN ON THEIR STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATE. A METHOD WHICH ENTAILS DIFFERENTIAL WEIGHTING OF SUBTEST SCORES RATHER THAN THEIR SIMPLE SUMMATION DID NOT RESULT IN APPRECIABLY HIGHER VALIDITIES. DATA WERE ALSO PROVIDED ON THE EXTENT OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE BEST SHORT FORMS AND THE FULL SCALE IN CLASSIFYING INDIVIDUALS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VOCATIONAL INTERESTS AND ACCIDENT PRONENESS.

THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF AN INDEX OF ACCIDENT PRONENESS (AP) OBTAINED FROM THE SVIB WITH ACCIDENT RATE, AGE, JOB TENURE, AND JOB HAZARD WERE INVESTIGATED. A SAMPLE OF 62 INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES INCLUDING UNSKILLED AND PROFESSIONAL WORKERS WAS STUDIED. THE FOLLOWING RESULTS WERE OBTAINED: A HIGHER THAN AVERAGE ACCIDENT RATE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO HIGH JOB HAZARD (PHI = +.31) AND HIGH AP SCORES (PHI = +.28). A LONGER THAN AVERAGE JOB TENURE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO A LOW ACCIDENT RATE (PHI = -.38) AND CURRENT PLACEMENT IN LESS HAZARDOUS JOBS (PHI = -.27). SS HAVING LONG TENURE ALSO HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER AP SCORES (PHI = -.29), AND OLDER SS ALSO TENDED TO HAVE LOWER AP SCORES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

INFLUENCE OF TRAINING, METHOD, AND RELATIONSHIP OF THE HALO EFFECT.

120 STUDENT NURSES EACH RATED 6 PEERS ON 10-POINT SCALES FOR 6 SETS OF TRAITS. THE VARIANCE OF A JUDGE'S RATINGS FOR EACH OBJECT WAS FOUND, AND THE VARIANCE SCORES OF THE 6 OBJECTS FOR EACH JUDGE SUMMED, MEASURING THE HALO EFFECT BY THIS DISPERSION SCORE. TRAINED JUDGES EXHIBITED LESS HALO THAN UNTRAINED, BUT RATINGS MADE BY RATING 1 S ON 6 TRAITS AT A TIME YIELDED THE SAME AMOUNT OF HALO AS DID THOSE MADE BY RATING ALL SS ON 1 TRAIT AT A TIME. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE JUDGE AND THE OBJECT WAS A SIGNIFICANT VARIABLE FOR THE UNTRAINED JUDGES. HERE THE RATINGS FOR THE LESS INTENSE RELATIONSHIP EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANTLY MORE HALO THAN THE RATINGS FOR THE INTENSE RELATIONSHIP. TRAINING OF THE JUDGES IMPROVED ALL RATINGS UNTIL THE JUDGE-OBJECT RELATIONSHIP WAS INSIGNIFICANT. (18 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COGNITIVE SENSITIVITY TO AVERSIVE MATERNAL STIMULATION IN LATE-ADOLESCENT MALES.

THE DEGREE OF INTERFERENCE PRODUCED BY SIMULATED MATERNAL CENSURE AND CONTROL WITH THE COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE OF LATE ADOLESCENTS WHO PERCEIVED THEIR MOTHERS AS CONTROLLING AND HOSTILE (HC-LN) WAS USED TO IDENTIFY SS WHO HAD ADAPTED TO THESE AVERSIVE MATERNAL CUES AND THOSE WHO HAD NOT. CONTROLS HAD LOW-CONTROL, HIGH NURTURANCE (LC-HN) MOTHERS. SS WERE 40 MALE STUDENTS. COMPARISON OF DISRUPTED AND NONDISRUPTED HC-LN MALES ON THE MMPI FOUND DISRUPTED SS HIGHER ON THE MA SCALE AND NONDISRUPTED SS HIGHER ON THE D SCALE. NO MMPI DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND FOR CONTROLS. IT WAS PROPOSED THAT INNER-DIRECTEDNESS (HIGH D) WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ADAPTATION TO AVERSIVE MATERNAL CUES, OUTER-DIRECTEDNESS (HIGH MA), WITH NONADAPTATION. OVERALL GROUP COMPARISONS SHOWED HC-LN SS HIGHER ON THE D, PT, SC, AND SI SCALES THAN LC-HN SS. (22 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COMPARISON OF DESENSITIZATION AND PROGRESSIVE RELAXATION IN TREATING TEST ANXIETY.

STUDENTS WHO REPORTED HIGH LEVELS OF TEST ANXIETY RECEIVED SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION, RELAXATION TRAINING, OR NO TREATMENT. THESE SS WERE FOLLOWED ON 4 MEASURES BELIEVED TO REFLECT ANXIETY LEVEL. IT WAS PREDICTED, IN KEEPING WITH DESENSITIZATION BY COUNTERCONDITIONING, THAT DESENSITIZED SS WOULD SHOW LESS ANXIETY THAN SS WHO RECEIVED ONLY RELAXATION TRAINING AND THAT BOTH GROUPS WOULD SHOW LESS TEST ANXIETY AFTER TREATMENT THAN CONTROLS. RESULTS SHOW THAT DESENSITIZATION SS ATTAINED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER GRADES THAN THE OTHER 2 GROUPS WHICH DID NOT DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER. THE OTHER MEASURES SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GROUPS. SINCE THE RESULTS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT AND NONREACTIVE MEASURE CONFIRM THE PREDICTION WITH REGARD TO THE SUPERIORITY OF DESENSITIZATION OVER THE 2 CONTROL CONDITIONS, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT EVIDENCE FOR THE COUNTERCONDITIONING EXPLANATION WAS PROVIDED. (29 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN MMPI EGO STRENGTH: AN ARTIFACT.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE LOWER EGO STRENGTH (ES) SCORES OF WOMEN WERE NOT A FUNCTION OF A GENERAL TENDENCY FOR WOMEN TO ADMIT TO MORE PATHOLOGY THAN MEN BUT RATHER WERE DUE TO A NUMBER OF ITEMS ON THE SCALE WHICH SEEMED TO MEASURE SEX-ROLE IDENTIFICATION. AN ITEM ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT THE ES DIFFERENCES WERE A FUNCTION OF A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC ITEMS WHICH IN MOST CASES WERE RELATED TO SEX ROLE. ES SCORES SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICTED SPEED OF RESPONSE TO PSYCHOTHERAPY. WHEN THE TESTS WERE RESCORED WITHOUT THE ITEMS TO WHICH MEN AND WOMEN HAD RESPONDED DIFFERENTIALLY, THE MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN ES WERE CANCELED OUT, BUT THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF ES IN REGARD TO PSYCHOTHERAPY WAS NOT AFFECTED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

INTERVIEW INTERACTION OF REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS.

RESEARCH WITH QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES IN THE INTERVIEW HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT INTERVIEWEE VERBAL PATTERNS CAN BE MODIFIED BY MANIPULATION OF INTERVIEWER VERBAL PATTERNS. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT SENSITIZERS AND REPRESSORS, HAVING IDIOSYNCRATIC RESPONSE STYLES, WOULD AS INTERVIEWERS DIFFER IN THEIR BEHAVIOR AND THAT THESE DIFFERENCES WOULD RESULT IN DIFFERENT VERBAL BEHAVIOR BY THEIR RESPECTIVE INTERVIEWEES. REPRESSOR, SENSITIZER, AND NEUTRAL INTERVIEWERS WERE PAIRED WITH NEUTRAL INTERVIEWEES IN A 15-MIN INTERVIEW. SENSITIZER INTERVIEWERS TOOK MORE OF AN ACTIVE ROLE, AND THEIR INTERVIEWEES LESS THAN THAT OF REPRESSORS AND NEUTRALS. THE EFFECT OF INTERVIEWER PERSONALITY ON INTERVIEWER AND INTERVIEWEE SPEECH, AND THE ROLE OF INTERVIEW STRUCTURE ARE DISCUSSED. (16 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MULTITRIAL FREE RECALL AS A FUNCTION OF CONSTANT VERSUS VARIED INPUT ORDERS AND LIST LENGTH.

HIGHER MULTITRIAL FREE RECALL OCCURRED WHEN THE INPUT ORDER WAS CONSTANT RATHER THAN VARIED OVER TRIALS FOR A 24-WORD BUT NOT FOR A 12-WORD LIST. THE TEMPORAL PATTERN OF RECALL OVER TRIALS 1-6 SHIFTED SUCH THAT ITEMS FROM THE FRONT OF THE LIST WERE RECALLED EARLIER WITH THE CONSTANT ORDER AND ITEMS FROM THE END WITH THE VARIED ORDER CONDITION, ESPECIALLY WITH THE SHORT LIST. IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT RECALL WITH THE CONSTANT ORDER WAS BETTER SINCE S COULD ANTICIPATE SUCCESSIVE ITEMS DURING INPUT TRIALS, THUS FORMING DIRECT ASSOCIATIONS WHICH WAS IMPOSSIBLE WITH THE VARIED ORDER. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION AND PREDICTION OF SELF-DESCRIPTIVE BEHAVIOR: RESPONSE VERSUS SITUATIONAL CUE VARIABLES.

INVESTIGATED THE PERFORMANCE OF REPRESSORS, SENSITIZERS, AND NEUTRALS IN THE BEHAVIOR-PREDICTION PARADIGM. REPRESSOR, SENSITIZER, AND NEUTRAL JUDGES PREDICTED THE GOUGH-HEILBRUN ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST RESPONSES OF A NEUTRAL TARGET ON THE BASIS OF BOTH MINIMAL AND MAXIMAL INFORMATION. THE ACCURACY OF NEUTRAL JUDGES INCREASED WITH ADDED INFORMATION; REPRESSOR AND SENSITIZER ACCURACY DECREASED. ADDED INFORMATION DID NOT HAVE A DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT UPON THE ACCURACY OR PATTERN OF RESPONSE CHANGE OF REPRESSORS COMPARED TO SENSITIZERS. FINDINGS WERE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO THE ROLE OF RESPONSE AND SITUATIONAL DETERMINANTS IN BEHAVIOR PREDICTION, THE EFFECT OF ADDED INFORMATION UPON ACCURACY, THE EFFECT OF ADDED INFORMATION UPON CHANGE OF RESPONSE, AND THE RELATION OF REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION TO ADJUSTMENT. (27 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SOME PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE CORRELATES OF STRONG APPROVAL MOTIVATION.

50 MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS WERE ADMINISTERED 2 MEASURES OF FIELD DEPENDENCE, THE ROD AND FRAME TEST (RFT) AND THURSTONE'S EMBEDDED FIGURES TEST (EFT); 2 TASKS TO SPECIFY KINDS OF STRATEGIES USED IN RECEPTION AND SELECTION CONCEPT-ATTAINMENT SITUATIONS; A SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL TO MEASURE MEANING ATTRIBUTION; AND A DELAYED AUDITORY-FEEDBACK (DAF) TASK TO MEASURE INTERFERENCE WITH SPEECH. SS WITH A STRONG NEED FOR APPROVAL, AS MEASURED BY THE MARLOWE-CROWNE SOCIAL DESIRABILITY SCALE, WERE FIELD DEPENDENT ON THE RFT (P .01) AS PREDICTED, BUT NOT ON THE EFT, AND HAD A RETARDED RATE OF SPEECH IN THE DAF TASK (P .05) AS PREDICTED. IN A 2ND EXPERIMENT (N = 40), THE RFT RESULT WAS REPLICATED (P .01). THE CONCEPT-ATTAINMENT AND MEANING-ATTRIBUTION HYPOTHESES WERE NOT CONFIRMED. THE HYPOTHESES THAT STRONG APPROVAL MOTIVATION IS DEVELOPMENTALLY LOWER THAN WEAK APPROVAL MOTIVATION IS DISCUSSED BRIEFLY. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

INCONGRUENCIES BETWEEN CONTENT AND TEMPORAL MEASURES OF PATIENTS' RESPONSES TO CONFRONTATION WITH PERSONALITY DESCRIPTIONS.

IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT WHEN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS WERE CONFRONTED WITH AN INTERVIEWER'S STATEMENTS PURPORTEDLY DESCRIBING THEIR PERSONALITIES (1) THEY WOULD NOT CORRECTLY DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN ACCURATE AND INACCURATE STATEMENTS ABOUT THEMSELVES, (2) STATEMENTS ATTRIBUTING SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR TO THEM WOULD BE RATED AS BEING MORE ACCURATE THAN LOW SOCIAL DESIRABILITY STATEMENTS, AND (3) DIFFERENCES IN THE ACCURACY AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTERVIEWER'S STATEMENTS WOULD DIFFERENTIALLY INFLUENCE TEMPORAL MEASURES OF THE SS' VERBAL BEHAVIOR. SS' RATINGS OF THE INTERVIEWER'S STATEMENTS, WHICH WERE EXPERIMENTALLY VARIED IN ACCURACY AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY, AND TEMPORAL MEASURES OF THE SS' DESCRIPTIONS OF THEIR REACTIONS TO THE STATEMENTS PROVIDED DEPENDENT MEASURES. ACCURACY RATINGS SUGGESTED THAT THE SS DID NOT DISCRIMINATE ON THE DIMENSION OF ACCURACY BUT, IN CONTRADICTION TO THIS FINDING, DIFFERENTIAL PATTERNS OF TEMPORAL RESPONSE INDICATED THAT THEY HAD DISCRIMINATED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PREDICTIVE VALUE OF SVIB PRIMARY AND REJECT PATTERNS.

THE SVIB IS SOMETIMES USED WITH ALL MEMBERS OF A HIGH SCHOOL CLASS. LITTLE DIRECT EVIDENCE IS AVAILABLE, HOWEVER, WHICH INDICATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCORES MADE ON THIS INVENTORY WHEN ADMINISTERED TO LARGE GROUPS OF HIGH SCHOOL BOYS AND OCCUPATIONS THEY SUBSEQUENTLY FOLLOW. THE PRESENT STUDY ATTEMPTED TO ESTIMATE THIS RELATIONSHIP FOR A GROUP OF MEN WHO HAD COMPLETED THE SVIB WHILE HIGH SCHOOL JUNIORS OR SENIORS 6-10 YR. EARLIER, BY COMPARING THEIR PRIMARY AND REJECT PATTERNS WITH THEIR PRESENT JOBS WHEN THESE JOBS WERE CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF THE INTEREST RATINGS FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE (USES) MANUAL, "ESTIMATES OF WORKER TRAIT REQUIREMENTS FOR 4,000 JOBS." SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIPS WERE FOUND TO EXIST BETWEEN 6 SVIB PATTERNS AND USES INTEREST FACTORS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE SVIB SHOWS PROMISE IN ASSESSING BROAD INTEREST FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH JOBS WHEN PRIMARY AND REJECT PATTERNS ARE USED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)