Alternatives to classical statistical procedures: Introduction to the symposium.

Most classical statistical methods are founded on two assumptions, that the underlying distribution is normally distributed, and that the sample observations are independently and identically distributed. It did not take statisticians long to realize that these idealizations may not be true in all applied settings. In addition, the good performance of these classical procedures requires strict adherence to these assumptions. Consequently, alternatives to the classical procedures have been proposed by statisticians. The purpose of this symposium is to begin a dialogue between quantitative methodologists and substantive psychological researchers (who are voracious consumers of the classical procedures) about alternatives to the classical methods. The first three papers (Hunter & May, Zumbo & Zimmerman, and May & Hunter) will discuss a class of methods referred to as nonparametric statistics. Nonparametric procedures arc an early and popular alternative to the classical procedures. Lind & Zumbo will discuss methods which are designed to deal with violations of normality. In closing, Thomas will discuss alternatives to classical statistical procedures when the second assumption is violated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Analyzing Psychopathology Items: A Case for Nonparametric Item Response Theory Modeling.

The authors discuss the applicability of nonparametric item response theory (IRT) models to the construction and psychometric analysis of personality and psychopathology scales, and they contrast these models with parametric IRT models. They describe the fit of nonparametric IRT to the Depression content scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (J. N. Butcher, W. G. Dahlstrom, J. R. Graham, A. Tellegen, & B. Kaemmer, 1989). They also show how nonparametric IRT models can easily be applied and how misleading results from parametric IRT models can be avoided. They recommend the use of nonparametric IRT modeling prior to using parametric logistic models when investigating personality data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

步进梁式和热炉水梁支承立柱的分析与计算

文章介绍了步进梁式加热炉水梁支承立柱的两种计算方法,并对两种方法的计算结果进行了比较,对正确选择立柱断面具有指导意义.     

浅谈岗位培训

通过对岗位培训的内涵与外延，教学模式，教学内容及考核办法等进行探讨，力图建立一种合理的运行体制，使岗位培训工作最大限度地满足企业需要。     

Statistical testing and null distributions: What to do when samples are not random.

Selected literature related to statistical testing is reviewed to compare the theoretical models underlying parametric and nonparametric inference. Specifically, we show that these models evaluate different hypotheses, are based on different concepts of probability and resultant null distributions, and support different substantive conclusions. We suggest that cognitive scientists should be aware of both models, thus providing them with a better appreciation of the implications and consequences of their choices among potential methods of analysis. This is especially true when it is recognized that most cognitive science research employs design features that do not justify parametric procedures, but that do support nonparametric methods of analysis, particularly those based on the method of permutation/randomization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Treatment of selective mutism: A best-evidence synthesis.

This study represents the first systematic analysis of the major treatment approaches used for selective mutism with the goal of drawing conclusions about selecting evidence-based procedures for practice. Based on nonparametric statistical tests of effect sizes, the major findings include the following: (a) treatment of selective mutism is more effective than no treatment, (b) behaviorally oriented treatment approaches are more effective than no treatment, and (c) no differential effectiveness was found between two common models of behavior therapy. In addition, researchers have given minimal attention to the impact of selective mutism on educational performance. In this study, which reviewed existing research, information regarding academic achievement was evaluated qualitatively. Recommendations are made for improving the methodological quality of future research on selective mutism within the context of research on evidence-based interventions. Implications for practice in school psychology are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

谈系部教学秘书的工作特性

探讨系部教学秘书开展工作的一些策略和特性,以求更好地履行教学秘书岗位责职、主动为教学服务.     

Correction to Holland and Copenhaver.

Reports an error in "Improved Bonferroni-type multiple testing procedures" by Burt S. Holland and Margaret D. Copenhaver (Psychological Bulletin, 1988[Jul], Vol 104[1], 145-149). An error was made in the author note on page 145. Correspondence should be addressed to Burt S. Holland, Department of Statistics, Temple University, Speakman Hall (006-00), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122. Margaret DiPonzio Copenhaver is now at Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1988-34705-001.) The Bonferroni multiple comparisons procedure is customarily used when doing several simultaneous tests of significance in relatively nonstandard situations in which other methods do not apply. We review some new and improved competitors to the Bonferroni procedure, that although constraining generalized Type I error probability to be at most α, afford increased power in exchange for increased complexity in implementation. An improvement to the weighted form of the Bonferroni procedure is also presented. Several data sets are reanalyzed with the new methods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

More Powerful Tests of Predictor Subsets in Regression Analysis Under Nonnormality.

It is well-known that for normally distributed errors parametric tests are optimal statistically, but perhaps less well-known is that when normality does not hold, nonparametric tests frequently possess greater statistical power than parametric tests, while controlling Type I error rate. However, the use of nonparametric procedures has been limited by the absence of easily performed tests for complex experimental designs and analyses and by limited information about their statistical behavior for realistic conditions. A Monte Carlo study of tests of predictor subsets in multiple regression analysis indicates that various nonparametric tests show greater power than the F test for skewed and heavy-tailed data. These nonparametric tests can be computed with available software. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

项目后评价在酒钢项目管理过程中的实践应用

项目后评价是指在项目已完成并运行1年(或半年)后,对项目建设管理过程和经济效益所进行的系统的分析和总结,并从中找出成败的原因和提出改进措施。通过对酒钢项目后评价的过程进行实践操作,提高了酒钢项目投资效益和管理水平。     

Development and Validation of a Brief Version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale With a Nonparametric Item Analysis Model.

The main purpose of the current research was to develop an abbreviated form of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) with nonparametric item response theory. The authors conducted 5 studies, with a total participation of 8,256 married or cohabiting individuals. Results showed that the item characteristic curves behaved in a monotonically increasing function for all items of the brief 4-item version of the DAS (DAS-4). The DAS-4 proved to be informative at all levels of couple satisfaction. Compared with the 32-item version of the DAS (DAS-32), it was as effective in predicting couple dissolution and was significantly less contaminated by socially desirable responding. In addition, structural equation modeling demonstrated that the underlying latent construct measured by the DAS-4 was very stable over a 2-year period. This brief version has the advantage of being less time consuming and constitutes a promising alternative to the original DAS-32 for clinicians and researchers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

单层工业厂房排架柱的改造设计与施工

对单层工业厂房排架柱的改造设计方案进行分析论证,采用包心法加固排架柱、植筋等措施增强新老混凝土协同工作能力,较好地满足了工程实际需要,从后期实际使用情况看,厂房运行情况良好。     

邮政发展电子商务第三方物流的研究

对邮政发展电子商务第三方物流的可行性和必要性进行了分析,阐述了邮政发展电子商务第三方物流的意义,并就邮政如何开展电子商务第三方物流提出了一些对策.     

Comparisons.

The author makes reference the letter by Harold Lindner (American Psychologist, 1963, 18, 257-258) in which "he makes some invidious comparisons between the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis (SCEH) and the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis (ASCH), although he did not mention the latter organization by name." Outside of the unjust and unnecessary comparisons which Lindner made, the present author would heartily subscribe to the remainder of his letter, and especially to the position in regard to hypnosis which his committee states. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

谈岗位技能工资与岗位效益工资之优劣

分析了岗位技能工资的由来及其历史意义,阐述了岗位技能工资与岗位效益工资的优劣点,论述了岗位效益工资的管理办法,分析了岗位效益工资的不足之处.     

浅析转岗流程

本文应用流程的观点分析了我公司目前员工转岗的一般流程，并和中板厂目前的转岗流程进行了分析比较，提出了转岗流程需要解决的问题，并将转岗作为人力资源整合的一部分从其培训、开发的角度来分析其培训的特点、内容及培训要求，以及将转岗员工上岗后的能力进一步跟踪、开发及其应用提出了一些建议，最后谈到了流程优化的原则，流程的识别与界定。     

Additional "post mortem" tests of experimental comparisons.

Scheffe's technique for assessing all possible combinations of mean comparisons after the analysis of variance is judged to be overly conservative for most comparisons of interest to psychologists. Techniques yielding more sensitive tests of comparisons are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

宝钢加热炉水冷梁和立柱包扎耐材的结构技术

介绍加热炉水冷梁、立柱包扎耐材的使用现状和几种隔热结构形式。在对比其隔热效果、施工性能的的基础上，研究开发了隔热性能优良的单一陶瓷纤维结构，并成功应用于实际生产中，达到了节能降耗的目的。     

Comparisons of Sidewall Correction of Bed Shear Stress in Open-Channel Flows

When investigating sediment transport in laboratory open-channel flows, it is often necessary to remove sidewall effects for computing effective bed shear stress. Previous sidewall correction methods are subject to some assumptions that have not been completely verified, and different values of the bed shear stress may be obtained depending on the approach used in making sidewall corrections. This study provides a quantitative assessment of the existing correction procedures by comparing them to a new sidewall correction model proposed in this study. The latter was derived based on the shear stress function and equivalent roughness size for both rigid and mobile bed conditions, which were obtained directly from experimental measurements. The comparisons show that the Einstein correction formula and the Vanoni and Brooks method generally predict relatively lower and higher bed shear stresses, respectively, while the Williams’ empirical function leads to more scatter. This study also demonstrates that the widely used Vanoni and Brooks approach can be well approximated by a simple formula derived based on the Blasius resistance function. The sidewall effects, when removed in the different ways, would consequently affect the presentation of the bedload function. Experimental results of bedload transport, when plotted as the dimensionless transport rate against the dimensionless shear stress with the latter being corrected using the present model, exhibit less scatter than those associated with the previous procedures.     

Unit Skin Friction from the Standard Penetration Test Supplemented with the Measurement of Torque

The standard penetration test (SPT) supplemented with the measurement of torque (SPT-T) may be used to obtain a direct measurement of unit skin friction (fs) between the sampler and the surrounding soil. The test is performed after the standard SPT procedure and does not compromise conventional SPT results. In order to perform the SPT-T, the split-barrel sampler is rotated after driving the ASTM specified distance and the maximum torque is measured using a calibrated torque wrench or transducer mounted to the top of the drill string. The measured torque is used along with the known geometry of the split-barrel sampler to determine a value of unit skin friction. SPT-T test results at 12 sites are presented. The results also show that the unit skin friction values obtained from the SPT-T generally correlate well with SPT N60 values. The results may be valuable for making preliminary estimates of unit skin friction for driven piles and provide some rationale for reported correlations between N60 and skin friction from piles.