焚烧飞灰颗粒对沥青混合料水稳定性的影响

为了实现焚烧飞灰(IFA)在沥青路面中的资源转化,将焚烧飞灰与水泥造粒以及与水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰造粒,研究掺有造粒颗粒沥青混合料的水稳定性以及冻融劈裂试验条件对其水稳定性的影响机制.结果 表明:焚烧飞灰造粒后,氯离子浸出率分别降低了56.76％、59.12％;冻融劈裂试验条件对焚烧飞灰/水泥颗粒沥青混合料水稳定性影响顺序为抽真空过程>冷冻过程>击实次数,抽真空过程破坏造粒颗粒表面沥青膜,导致可溶氯盐溶出,氯盐溶液在冻融过程中产生的冻胀、盐胀与腐蚀综合作用是导致沥青混合料内部结构受损关键因素;焚烧飞灰与水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰造粒的方法能有效改善沥青混合料的水稳定性.     

Utilization of a very high lime fly ash for improvement of Izmir clay

This paper presents an investigation into the stabilization of a soft clay subgrade of a military zone in Izmir, Turkey with a very high lime fly ash. Zero%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (m/m) of the soil was replaced with fly ash. In addition to the control specimen, four different stabilized soil samples were prepared mixing fly ash with soil at optimum water contents determined by standard proctor test. Experiments lasted for 3 months and the unconfined compressive strength and shear strength parameters, cohesion and internal friction angle, were determined after 1, 7, 28 and 90 days. It was found that, inclusion of fly ash improved the properties of the soil. The improvements, appearing with increasing fly-ash content, were attributed to the pozzolanic reaction and pore refinement effect of fly ash as well as its high free-lime content.     

Characterization of warm mix asphalt binders containing artificially long-term aged binders

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) comprises one of the largest recycled materials, and warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies become more commonly used due to their promising advantages in the United States and Europe. This paper addresses the laboratory investigation of performance properties of WMA binders containing aged binders. The recycled binders with the additives were produced using two (i.e., zeolite Aspha-min^® and wax Sasobit^®) of the available warm asphalt processes. The recycled WMA binders were artificially short-term and then long-term aged through the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) procedures. Superpave binder tests were carried out on the binders through the rotational viscometer, the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and the bending beam rheometer (BBR). In general, the results of this study indicated that (1) the additives and aged binders played an important role in determination of the binder properties; (2) the use of lower PG grade as a virgin binder (PG 58-28 in this study) was critical on offsetting the increase of binder stiffness caused by the addition of WMA additives and aged binders; and (3) even at the low recycling percentage of 15%, the lower PG grade was needed to get the results meeting current Superpave binder requirements.     

Rheology of warm mix asphalt binders with aged binders

This study addresses the rheological investigation of properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA) binders containing long-term aged binders. The recycled binders with the additives were produced using two (i.e., zeolite Aspha-min® and wax Sasobit®) of the available warm asphalt processes. The main rheological factors selected in this study were relationships between loading and response as a function of time, temperature and frequency using a Bohlin Dynamic Shear Rheometer II. The results indicated that the addition of Sasobit® into recycled binders played an important role in determination of the binder properties evaluated in this study. The use of lower performance grade (PG) as a virgin binder (PG 58-28 in this study) was critical on offsetting the change of rheological binder properties due to the warm additives and the aged binders.     

Effect of different fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete containing fly ash

The results of an experimental investigation to study the effects of replacement of cement (by weight) with three percentages of fly ash and effects of addition of steel and polypropylene fibers are presented. Current day knowledge of concrete technology focuses attention primarily on the use of different materials in the production of concrete, industrial wastes in particular. The use of fly ash in concrete today is an important subject and is growing in importance day by day. Using fly ash in concrete may both provide economical advantages and better properties in the production of concrete. Besides, concretes produced with three different replacement ratios of fly ash and three different types of steel and polypropylene fibers were compared to those without fibers used in concrete with FA. According to the results of the study, addition of fibers provide better performance for the concrete, while fly ash in the mixture may adjust the workability and strength losses caused by fibers, and improve strength gain.     

Compressive strength and stability of sustainable self-consolidating concrete containing fly ash,silica fume,and GGBS

This paper presents the findings of an experimental program seeking to understand the effect of mineral admixtures on fresh and hardened properties of sustainable self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixes where up to 80% of Portland cement was replaced with fly ash, silica fume, or ground granulated blast furnace slag. Compressive strength of SCC mixes was measured after 3, 7, and 28 days of moist curing. It was concluded in this study that increasing the dosage of fly ash increases concrete flow but also decreases segregation resistance. In addition, for the water-to-cement ratio of 0.36 used in this study, it was observed that the compressive strength decreases compared to control mix after 28 days of curing when cement was partially replaced by 10%, 30%, and 40%of fly ash. However, a fly ash replacement ratio of 20% increased the compressive strength by a small margin compared to the control mix. Replacing cement with silica fume at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% was found to increase compressive strength of SCC mixes compared to the control mix. However, the highest 28 day compressive strength of 95.3 MPa occurred with SCC mixes in which 15% of the cement was replaced with silica fume.     

Hybrid fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete with a high-volume coarse fly ash

This paper presents a study on the fresh and mechanical properties of a fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete incorporating high-volume fly ash that does not meet the fineness requirements of ASTM C 618. A polycarboxylic-based superplasticizer was used in combination with a viscosity modifying admixture. In mixtures containing fly ash, 50% of cement by weight was replaced with fly ash. Two different types of steel fibers were used in combination, keeping the total fiber content constant at 60 kg/m³. Slump flow time and diameter, V-funnel, and air content were performed to assess the fresh properties of the concrete. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity of the concrete were determined for the hardened properties. The results indicated that high-volume coarse fly ash can be used to produce fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete, even though there is some reduction in the concrete strength because of the use of high-volume coarse fly ash.     

粉煤灰对沥青改性作用的试验研究

介绍了沥青粉煤灰的试验配合比设计及其基本性质,以70号道路石油沥青为主料,通过加入不同含量的粉煤灰加热反应,试验检测生成的新材料的各项指标,分析得出了粉煤灰对沥青的改性作用,为其进一步的研究和应用提供了试验依据。     

Potential of fly ash to suppress the susceptible behavior of lime-treated gypseous soil

The use of lime and fly ash to improve the properties of certain types of soil is well established. However, the potential of fly ash to control the adverse effects of lime-treated gypseous/sulphatic soil has not been well investigated. In the present work, an attempt is made to quantify the fly ash content used to suppress the susceptible behavior of lime-treated gypseous soil. Series of one-dimensional swell and compressibility analyses are performed on various combinations of expansive soil with a predominance of montmorillonite mineral containing lime, gypsum (0–6%), and fly ash (0–30%). It is observed that the volume change behavior of the lime-treated gypseous soil is not controlled completely by addition of fly ash. However, the maximum improvement in the volume change behavior of the lime-treated gypseous soil is observed with a 20% fly ash content, and hence, can be taken as the Optimum Fly ash Content (OFC). Micro-analyses revealed that the relative dominance of the change in gradation and the formation of cementitious compounds of different compositions and ettringite crystals are the key factors in controlling the volume change behavior of lime-treated gypseous soil with fly ash. However, several factors, such as the types of minerals present in the soil, the types of fly ash and lime, and other physico-chemical environmental conditions (temperature, method of curing, and so on), are seen in the present study to affect the value of the obtained OFC.     

高模量橡胶改性沥青及其混合料性能研究

高模量沥青及其混合料是解决沥青路面重载交通及长大陡坡路面车辙等问题的重要工程材料。采用活化橡胶颗粒制备的橡胶改性沥青具有优异的高低温性能及抗车辙性能。本文分析了克炼30#A级和克炼50#A级低标号硬质沥青、克炼70#A级沥青及橡胶改性沥青性能,并采用两种级配类型（ATB-25和SUP-20）来评价其高低温性能及水稳定性能。结果表明,橡胶改性沥青PG分级为76-28,在相同温度下,橡胶改性沥青复数剪切模量及车辙因子最大;随着温度的降低,四种沥青的蠕变劲度均显著增大,但橡胶改性沥青的增大趋势最慢,橡胶改性沥青的m值最大;两种级配类型下,橡胶改性沥青具有最大的动稳定度及弯曲劲度模量,同时有较好的水稳定性能。     

减水剂在粉煤灰水泥浆体中的吸附及其流变性能影响

针对减水剂—粉煤灰体系的相互作用与分散特性开展研究,通过采用不同性质的粉煤灰和减水剂,研究了减水剂在水泥等胶凝颗粒上的吸附量、zeta电位等界面化学性质,并且测定了不同系统的屈服应力和塑性黏度等流变特性,建立了减水剂吸附量、zeta电位和水泥浆体流变参数之间的关系。试验结果表明:高效减水剂在粉煤灰颗粒表面的吸附规律与水泥颗粒完全不同。由于粉煤灰颗粒较为光滑并且表面动电位为负值,因此对高效减水剂的吸附能力较弱,其吸附能力随粉煤灰密度和颗粒大小差异较大。对于粉煤灰水泥浆体,其流变参数变化与减水剂吸附量关系较小,主要受粉煤灰技术性质的影响。由于粉煤灰表面动电位绝对值远高于掺入减水剂的硅酸盐水泥颗粒表面动电位绝对值,因此其自身具有颗粒分散趋势,及粉煤灰颗粒自身具有增加水泥浆体流动能力的能力。硅酸盐水泥和粉煤灰颗粒吸附萘系减水剂的能力大于吸附聚羧酸盐减水剂的能力。     

Permeability properties of self-compacting rubberized concretes

The paper presented herein was carried out to investigate the permeability characteristics of self-compacting rubberized concretes with and without fly ash. At a water–cementitious material (w/cm) ratio of 0.35, the self-compacting concretes (SCCs) were produced by replacing the fine aggregate with four designated crump rubber contents of 0%, 5%, 15%, and 25% by fine aggregate volume. Moreover, the SCCs with fly ash were produced by partial substitution of cement with fly ash at varying amounts of 20% to 60%. Totally, 16 concrete mixtures were cast and tested for permeability related properties such as chloride ion permeability, water sorptivity, and water absorption. The tests were conducted at 28 and 90 days after casting. Tests results revealed that using the crumb rubber aggravated all of the measured properties of self-compacting rubberized concretes (SCRCs) without fly ash. However, with the combined use of the crump rubber and fly ash, the concretes had better resistance to the chloride ion permeability, water sorptivity, and water absorption.     

Generation of asphalt performance grading map for Egypt based on the SUPERPAVE™ program

This work aims to generate an asphalt performance grading map for Egypt based on the SUPERPAVE and LTTP programs. To achieve this aim, 60 weather stations data and air temperatures (maximum and minimum) recorded by Egyptian Meteorological Authority (EMA) collected covered of minimum 30 years of continuous temperature recording. The collected data and the calculated standard deviation were used to obtain surface and pavement temperatures for 21 representative stations for various climatic regions of Egypt. It revealed that four types of asphalt binder performance grades (at 98% reliability) are recommended for use in Egypt. The grades are PG 70-10, 76-10, 76-16 & 76-28.     

Phase composition changes due to ammonium-sulphate: attack on Portland and Portland fly ash cements

The behaviour of Portland cement and Portland cement with 30% fly ash in 10% ammonium-sulphate solution was studied within a comprehensive research program. All materials have been chemically analysed and their physico-chemical and mechanical properties have been investigated. X-ray diffraction was used for following changes into microstructure after storage of samples in ammonium-sulphate solution, and phase composition changes were identified. Based on XRD analysis of the phase composition changes it could be concluded that the main product of the ammonium-sulphate attack on cements is gypsum, followed by ettringite. The presence of gypsum is increased with the time of exposing of samples in the solution for both types of cement, but it has occurred that the increase of this phase is higher in the PCBP samples containing fly ash. Compressive strengths of PCB and PCBP samples after curing in water for 14 days and exposed in ammonium-sulphate solution for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days are investigated. PCBP samples containing fly ash have better behaviour in ammonium-sulphate solution. Addition of fly ash to Portland cement makes this cement become more resistant to the sulphate aggressive environment.     

粉煤灰珊瑚骨料混凝土内掺氯离子扩散和吸水性能

研究了粉煤灰掺量对珊瑚骨料混凝土(CAC)内掺氯离子含量、氯离子结合能力及毛细吸水性能的影响,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)和热重(TG-DTG)分析了水化产物、理论孔体积及结合水含量.结果表明:随着养护龄期的延长,CAC中总氯离子浓度增大,粉煤灰降低了早龄期总氯离子含量,增大了后期总氯离子含量,而自由氯离子含量随养护龄期的变化规律正好相反,粉煤灰提高了CAC的氯离子结合能力;粉煤灰对28d时CAC的抗毛细吸水性能提升较小,显著降低了60d时CAC的毛细吸水量和吸水率,掺加20%的粉煤灰使28、60d时CAC的二次吸水率分别减少了6.1%、15.4%;粉煤灰对水化产物种类没有影响,但降低了CAC中Ca(OH)2的含量,结合珊瑚骨料携带的氯离子,生成了Friedel's盐.     

Effect of randomly distributed geofibers on the piping behaviour of embankments constructed with fly ash as a fill material

Today, fly ash is being used as a structural fill material in highway and railway embankments, for ash pond bunds, levees, filling low-laying areas etc. Seepage induced failures in the form of piping can weaken and affect the performance of an embankment constructed with fly ash as a structural fill material. This paper presents a study to examine the effect of randomly distributed geofibers on the piping behaviour of fly ash. In this study, a number of experiments were carried out for determining the seepage velocity and piping resistance of fly ash, mixed randomly with flexible polyester fibers having various dosages and lengths. Seepage velocity of flow of water through fly ash is calculated for each case and compared with an unreinforced fly ash. It was observed that fibers reduced the seepage velocity, increased the piping resistance of fly ash and delays the attenuation of piping phenomena considerably. Finally the mechanism by which discrete and randomly distributed fibers restrain piping of fly ash is explained with the fly ash fiber interaction.     

Influence of bacteria on the compressive strength, water absorption and rapid chloride permeability of fly ash concrete

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the influence of Sporoscarcina pasteurii bacteria on the compressive strength and rapid chloride permeability of concrete made without and with fly ash. Cement was replaced with three percentages (10, 20 and 30) with fly ash by weight. Three different cell concentration (0, 10³,10⁵,10⁷ cells/ml) of bacteria were used in making the concrete mixes. Tests were performed for compressive strength, water absorption and rapid chloride permeability at the age of 28 days. Test results indicated that inclusion of S. pasteurii in fly ash concrete enhanced the compressive strength, reduced the porosity and permeability of fly ash concrete. Maximum increase (22%) in compressive strength and four-times reduction in water absorption was observed with 10⁵ cells/ml of bacteria. This improvement in compressive strength was due to deposition on the bacteria cell surfaces within the pores.Calcite deposition in concrete observed nearly eight times reduction in chloride permeability of fly ash concrete. The present work highlights the influence of bacteria on the properties of concrete made with supplementing cementing material such as like fly ash. Usage of bacteria like S. pasteurii improves strength and durability and strength of fly ash concrete through self-healing effect.     

不同来源粉煤灰品质对混凝土性能的影响

针对生产过程中掺粉煤灰混凝土浮灰问题,选取不同来源的9种粉煤灰,对比研究其基本性质、理化特性（包括XRF、XRD和SEM）及对混凝土基本性能的影响。结果发现,粉煤灰中玻璃体的含量及其粒度分布是判断品质优劣的重要依据。粉煤灰中是否含有较多大颗粒且粒度分配合理直接影响混凝土的工作性。粉煤灰的28d活性指数（66%~79%）对混凝土强度无直接影响。结合试验数据,评判了9种粉煤灰的优劣,并给出是否可用的建议。     

Effect of different high viscosity modifiers on rheological properties of high viscosity asphalt

High viscosity asphalt (HVA) has been a great success as a drainage pavement material. However, the larger porosity of drainage asphalt mixtures weakens the cohesion and adhesion and leads to premature rutting, water damage, spalling and cracking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rheological properties of HVA prepared using different high viscosity modifiers through conventional tests, Brookfield viscosity tests, dynamic shear rheometer tests and bending beam rheometer tests. The conventional performance results demonstrated SBS + rubber asphalt (SRA-1/2) exhibited excellent elastic recovery and low-temperature flexibility. The 60°C dynamic viscosity results indicated TPS + rubber asphalt (TRA) had the excellent adhesion. The rotational viscosity results and rheological results indicated that SRA-2 not only exhibited excellent temperature stability and workability, as well as excellent resistance to deformation and rutting resistance, but also exhibited excellent low-temperature cracking resistance and relaxation performance. Based on rheological results, the PG classification of HVA was 16% rubber + asphalt for PG76-22, 20% rubber + asphalt for PG88-22, TRA and SRA-1/2 for PG88-28. From comprehensive evaluation of the viscosity, temperature stability and sensitivity, as well as high/low temperature performance of HVA, SRA-2 was found to be more suited to the requirements of drainage asphalt pavement materials.     

基于通用旋转组合设计的层布式混杂纤维混凝土配合比研究

采用四因子二次回归通用旋转组合设计,对影响层布式碳纤维-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土力学性能的主要因素：水胶比、粉煤灰掺量、聚丙烯纤维掺量和碳纤维掺量,进行配合比试验,建立数学模型并确定其最优配比。结果表明：二次多项式回归模型可用于层布式混杂纤维混凝土28 d抗压强度和抗折强度回归方程的建立。层布式碳纤维-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土...