香港预包装食品营养标签新规7月1日实施

香港立法会于2008年5月28日批准《2008年食物及药物（成分组合及标签）（修讧关于营养标签及营养声称的规定）规例》（以下简称《修订规例》）。《修订规例》明确规定,经过两年的宽限期,从2010年7月1日起,所有在香港销售的预包装食品都必须符合《修订规例》要求,届时,所有标签不符合要求的供港食品,将被强制下架。     

行业资讯

欧盟出台纺织品标签新规例近日,欧盟通过纺织品标签新规例,规例修订了关于纺织品纤维名称、标签、标记使用以及判断纺织纤维成分的现行规定,目的是规范欧盟市场纺织服装产品的纤维说明以及纺织品标签制度。     

香港食品营养标签修订规例浅析

本文从涵盖范围、罚则、营养标鉴标示项目、基本格式、规管容忍限、营养声称、豁兜等方面对香港食品营养标签修订规例进行分析,为食品生产者和消费者提供帮助和参考.     

输欧服企须关注欧盟修订纺织品标签规例

日前,欧盟通过纺织品标签新规例,规例修订了关于纺织品纤维名称、标签、标记使用以及判断纺织纤维成分的现行规定．目的是规范欧盟市场纺织服装产品的纤维说明以及纺织品标签制度。     

简讯

《食品加工用酶制剂通用卫生标准》开始修订；特种油脂将成为市场竞争新焦点；《花生功能性短肽制备关键技术研究》成果在京通过鉴定；国家粮食储备局西安油脂科学研究设计院获奖；欧盟食品营养及健康标签规例开始生效.[第一段]     

香港:婴儿配方产品实施新规 婴幼儿配方产品必须加营养标签

正据香港特区政府网站消息,特区政府就规管婴儿配方产品的营养成分组合和营养标签订立了新规定,2015年12月13日起实施。新修订的《食物及药物(成分组合及标签)规例》(《修订规例》)规定,所有婴儿配方产品必须符合营养成分组合规定,而所有供36个月以下婴幼儿食用的婴儿配方产品、较大婴儿及幼儿配方产品及预包装婴幼儿食物必须加上营养标签,以保障食用该产品的婴幼儿的健康,并协助家长做出有依据的食物选择,以及鼓励食物制造商提供符合营养准则的婴幼儿配方产品和食品。     

国内外食品营养标签管理状况及我国应对措施

食品营养标签是指向消费者提供食物营养特性的一种描述,包括营养成分标示和营养补充信息.国际食品法典委员会负责制修订全球营养标签相关标准,并指导各国或地区的营养标签工作.本文在介绍食品营养标签概念的基础上,分析了食品营养标签的国内外管理状况,通过剖析我国食品企业在食品营养标签中存在的主要问题,提出了应尽快建立健全食品营养标签相关法律法规,食品出口企业应大力加强自身食品标签管理、规范食品生产和职能部门加大对食品出口企业的引导监督并提供支持等应对措施,为我国食品出口企业应对国际食品市场提供理论指导.     

欧盟食品营养及健康标签法例发布1月19日起生效（科技版）

从福建出入境检验检疫局获悉，欧盟于2006年12月30日公布关于食品营养及健康声明的第1924／2006号规例。规例适用于在欧盟市场出售、供人食用的任何食品或饮品，旨在确保食品包装上向消费者提供的营养资料准确可靠。为达到这个目的，规例列明对标签和广告宣传的要求。第1924／2006号规例由2007年1月19日起生效，2007年7月1日起实施。某些一般条文将由2007年7月1日起实施。     

7月1日起出口香港食品有新规 须标7种营养素

<正> 7月1日起,出口香港的食品必须标示能量和七种核心营养素。记者今天从广东检验检疫局获悉,香港政府已发布《关于营养标签及营养声称的规定》新规,该规例要求所有     

欧盟新指令允许电动玩具使用镍 限制若干类玩具中双酚A浓度

<正>2014年7月1日,欧盟官方公报刊登欧委会第2014/84/EU号指令,修订了第2009/48/EC号指令(《玩具安全指令》)。该项修订规定自2015年7月1日起,在不锈钢制玩具及玩具部件中以及在用以传导电流的玩具部件中允许使用镍。根据欧盟第1272/2008号规例(《物质及混合物分类、标签及包装规例》),镍被列为第二类致癌物,受致癌、诱变及生殖毒性(CMR)物质禁令规管。不过,若     

Bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, and heme iron content in unaged and aged meat of Hereford and Braford steers fed pasture

The content and the bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe were determined in unaged and aged meat (14days) from the Psoas major (PM), Gluteus medius (GM) and Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of Hereford (H) and Braford breed (B) steers fed pasture. Furthermore, the content of heme-Fe was determined in the same muscles. The H had a lower content of Cu and a higher content of Fe. Also, H had more heme-Fe than B. The bioaccessibility in unaged meat for Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe ranged between 75 and 91%, 30 and 45%, 40 and 68%, 55 and 95%, and 60 and 70%, respectively. After aging, the bioaccessibility for the same minerals ranged between 58 and 80%, 30 and 48%, 40 and 58%, 75 and 95%, and 59 and 70%, respectively. Aging affected negatively the Se content and its bioaccessibility, in the two breeds. Also, the heme-Fe content was negatively affected by aging in all muscles and breeds.     

Bioactivation of Phytoestrogens: Intestinal Bacteria and Health

Phytoestrogens are polyphenols similar to human estrogens found in plants or derived from plant precursors. Phytoestrogens are found in high concentration in soya, flaxseed and other seeds, fruits, vegetables, cereals, tea, chocolate, etc. They comprise several classes of chemical compounds (stilbenes, coumestans, isoflavones, ellagitannins, and lignans) which are structurally similar to endogenous estrogens but which can have both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. Although epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that intake of phytoestrogens in foods may be protective against certain chronic diseases, discrepancies have been observed between in vivo and in vitro experiments. The microbial transformations have not been reported so far in stilbenes and coumestans. However, isoflavones, ellagitanins, and lignans are metabolized by intestinal bacteria to produce equol, urolithins, and enterolignans, respectively. Equol, urolithin, and enterolignans are more bioavailable, and have more estrogenic/antiestrogenic and antioxidant activity than their precursors. Moreover, equol, urolithins and enterolignans have anti-inflammatory effects and induce antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities. The transformation of isoflavones, ellagitanins, and lignans by intestinal microbiota is essential to be protective against certain chronic diseases, as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and menopausal symptoms. Bioavailability, bioactivity, and health effects of dietary phytoestrogens are strongly determined by the intestinal bacteria of each individual.     

Religious slaughter: Evaluation of current practices in selected countries

As part of the project “Religious slaughter (DIALREL): improving knowledge and expertise through dialogue and debate on issues of welfare, legislation and socio-economic aspects”, this paper discusses an evaluation of current practices during Halal and Shechita slaughter in cattle, sheep, goats and poultry. During religious slaughter, animals are killed with and without stunning by a transverse incision across the neck that is cutting the skin, muscles (brachiocephalic, sternocephalic, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid), trachea, esophagus, carotid arteries, jugular veins and the major, superficial and deep nerves of the cervical plexus. In this report, the restraint methods, stunning, neck cutting, exsanguination, slaughter techniques and postcut handling in the abattoir were assessed for religious slaughter. Information about the procedures used during religious slaughter in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, Turkey and Australia was collected by means of spot visits to abattoirs. To standardize the information gathered during the spot visits three guidelines were designed, one for each species, and translated into the national languages of the countries involved. The document included questions on the handling and restraint methods (stunning, neck cutting/exsanguination/slaughter techniques and postcut handling performed under religious practices) and for pain and distress of the animal during the restraint, neck cutting and induction to death in each abattoir. Results showed differences in the time from restraining to stun and to cut in the neck cutting procedures and in the time from cut to death.     

虾、蟹壳利用的研究进展

虾、蟹壳是虾、蟹加工过程中产生的主要废弃物,含有较大量的蛋白质、灰分和甲壳素,以及少量的脂肪、游离氨基酸和虾青素等。近年来,随着我国养殖、捕捞技术的进步以及伏季休渔制度的实施,虾、蟹产量逐年上升。因此,有效利用虾、蟹壳副产物,开发基于虾、蟹壳废弃物的利用途径和产品类型,以提高产品附加值,减少环境污染,对于虾、蟹产业的健康发展具有重要意义。目前,采用酸碱法制备甲壳素是虾、蟹壳利用的主要方法,该方法易于操作,但能耗高且污染严重,近年来研究人员对传统的酸碱法制备甲壳素的工艺进行了优化,并积极探索酶法和发酵法等新型提取工艺。此外,虾、蟹壳中其他可利用成分(蛋白质、脂肪、钙质和虾青素)的提取和利用也获得了许多研究成果。本文主要综述了虾、蟹壳的组成成分,虾、蟹壳整体利用途径以及虾、蟹壳中甲壳素、蛋白质、脂肪、钙质、虾青素等成分的提取和利用途径的研究进展,以期为虾、蟹壳的高效、低成本、无污染和高附加值利用提供借鉴。     

毕节地区植烟土壤有效态微量元素含量评价

对毕节地区298个植烟土壤样品的有效态微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、B和Mo的含量及丰缺特性进行了分析,以期为毕节烟区平衡施肥及提高烟叶品质提供依据。试验结果表明,毕节地区植烟土壤中有效态Cu、Fe、Mn含量极丰富,Zn含量丰富,有效硼和有效钼的含量比较缺乏,超过1/2的土壤缺硼,超过2/5的土壤缺钼。土壤中有效态Zn、Fe和Mn的含量与pH呈显著性负相关,有效钼含量与pH呈显著性正相关。土壤中有效Fe、Zn、Mn和B的含量与有机质含量呈显著性正相关。综上所述,毕节烟区要适当补充B肥和Mo肥,对Cu、Zn、Fe和Mn等元素要通过控制施入量或土壤改良来降低其有效含量,防止土壤重金属污染。     

Mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits: A review

Botanicals are used in many countries for medicinal and general health-promoting purposes. Numerous natural occurrences of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits have been reported. Aflatoxins or ochratoxin A (OTA) have been found in botanicals such as ginseng, ginger, liquorice, turmeric, and kava-kava in the USA, Spain, Argentina, India, and some other countries, while fumonisins have been found in medicinal wild plants in South Africa and in herbal tea and medicinal plants in Turkey. Zearalenone was identified in ginseng root. Dried fruits can be contaminated with aflatoxins, OTA, kojic acid, and, occasionally, with patulin or zearalenone. One main area of concern is aflatoxins in dried figs; bright greenish yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet light is associated with aflatoxin contamination. OTA in dried vine fruits (raisins, sultanas, and currants) is another concern. There are also reports of aflatoxins in raisins and OTA in dried figs, apricots, dried plums (prunes), dates, and quince. Maximum permitted levels in the European Union include 4 µg kg^-1 for total aflatoxins in dried fruit intended for direct consumption and 10 µg kg^-1 for OTA in dried vine fruit. This review discusses the occurrence of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits and analytical issues such as sampling, sample preparation, and methods for analysis. Fungal contamination of these products, the influence of sorting, storage, and processing, and prevention are also considered.     

Benzoic acid and its derivatives as naturally occurring compounds in foods and as additives: Uses,exposure, and controversy

Benzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid naturally present in plant and animal tissues, which can also be produced by microorganisms. Benzoic acid and a wide range of derivatives and related benzenic compounds, such as salts, alkyl esters, parabens, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoyl peroxide, are commonly used as antibacterial and antifungal preservatives and as flavoring agents in food, cosmetic, hygiene, and pharmaceutical products. As a result of their widespread occurrence, production, and uses, these compounds are largely distributed in the environment and found in water, soil, and air. Consequently, human exposure to them can be high, common, and lengthy. This review is mainly focused on the presence and use of benzoic acid in foods but it also covers the occurrence, uses, human exposure, metabolism, toxicology, analytical methods for detection, and legal limits for benzoic acid and its derivatives. Their controversial effects and potential public health concerns are discussed.     

Acrylamide–Sepiolite Based Composite Hydrogels for Immobilization of Invertase

ABSTRACT:  Novel composite hydrogels, poly(acrylamide)–sepiolite (PAS), poly(acrylamide/acrylic acid)–sepiolite (PAAS), and poly(acrylamide/itaconic acid)–sepiolite (PAIS) were prepared and used for the immobilization of invertase. The parameters of equilibrium swelling, diffusional exponent, and diffusion coefficient of these hydrogels were calculated from swelling experiments. Invertase was immobilized onto PAS, PAAS, and PAIS and immobilized invertases (PASI, PAASI, and PAISI) were prepared. Optimum pH values for free invertase, PASI, PAASI, and PAISI are found to be 5, 5.5, 4.5, and 6, respectively, and the optimum temperatures were 30, 50, 50, and 35 °C for free invertase PASI, PAASI, and PAISI. It was found that  K_m  values of free invertase, PASI, PAASI, and PAISI were 11.3, 41.0, 94.5, and 56.0 mM, respectively.  V _max values were 2 μmol/min for free invertase, 8.10 μmol/min for PASI, 1.30 μmol/min for PAASI, and 0.42 μmol/min for PAISI, respectively. The invertase immobilized hydrogels showed excellent, temperature, storage, and operational stability.     

Food oral processing—A review

Food oral processing is an essential procedure not only for the consumption and digestion of foods but also for the appreciation and pleasure of food texture and food flavour. The consumption of a food inside mouth involves various oral operations, including first bite, chewing and mastication, transportation, bolus formation, swallowing, etc. Exact mechanisms and governing principles of these oral operations are still not fully understood, despite of continuous efforts made by scientists from food, psychology, physiology, dental and clinical studies, and other disciplines. This article reviews recent progresses and literature findings about food processing and transformation in mouth, with particular attention on the physiology and rheology aspects of oral operations. The physiological behaviour of human's oral device is discussed in terms of biting capability, tongue movement, saliva production and incorporation, and swallowing. The complexity of oral processing is analysed in relation to the rheology and mechanical properties of foods. The swallowing and oral clearing process is also examined for its criteria, triggering mechanism, bolus deformation, and the rheology of swallowing.     

大豆油精炼过程中多环芳烃的迁移规律

明确大豆油精炼过程多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）风险成分的迁移规律,以便于食品中PAHs的风险防范和控制。通过对大豆油精炼生产中脱胶油、脱酸油、脱色油、脱臭油和对应加工助剂磷酸、烧碱、活性白土以及精炼副产物油脚、皂脚、废白土、脱臭馏出物样品中PAHs组分含量的检测,分析PAHs在大豆油精炼生产中的迁移规律。结果显示：大豆油精炼用加工助剂中均含有PAHs,磷酸、烧碱和活性白土中苯并[a]芘（benzo[a]pyrene,BaP）含量分别为0.95、1.84?μg/kg和0.71?μg/kg,欧盟限量控制的4?种PAHs（PAH4）（苯并[a]蒽、?、苯并[b]荧蒽和BaP）含量为2.81、16.81?μg/kg和8.85?μg/kg,美国优先控制的16?种PAHs（PAH16）含量为26.18、112.61?μg/kg和111.85?μg/kg;在大豆油水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、蒸馏脱臭过程BaP的脱除率分别为7.57%、23.57%、91.65%,水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色、蒸馏脱臭过程PAH4的脱除率分别为15.93%、10.41%、19.31%、50.91%,PAH16的脱除率分别为15.45%、11.59%、6.66%、52.99%;大豆油精炼副产物油脚、皂脚、废白土、脱臭馏出物中BaP含量分别为0.45、0.90、0.52、12.49?μg/kg,PAH4含量分别为10.14、7.39、9.69、300.50?μg/kg,PAH16含量分别为261.60、434.49、156.29、2?775.15?μg/kg。