我国染料及中间体生产中“三废”治理的主要方法

染料行业是污染大户,由于我国的染料厂大多数是小型厂,而且极少进行集中治理,因此,小型染料厂的“三废”治理难度更大。本文就染料工业常用的“三废”处理方法做一简单介绍。１　废气的处理方法染料及中间体生产过程常用的气体有氯气、溴、氨、二氧化硫、光气等,此外一些反应中也会产生大量气体,如重氮化、硝化反应排出氧化氮;氯磺化反应中排出二氧化硫等。因此,氯气、氯化氢、溴化氢、溴、二氧化硫、光气、氮氧化物、氨等是染料工业最常见的废气。废气的处理一般多以吸收法为主。例如：用水吸收氯化氢、溴化氢、氨气,以盐酸、氢溴…     

用波纹填料塔吸收盐酸尾气

生产合成盐酸时,氯化氢气体经降膜吸收塔吸收后尾气仍然含有氯化氢气体,为了减少环境污染,降低产品成本,需再次吸收这一部分氯化氢尾气。     

合成炉氯化氢用于氯甲基化生产试验

我厂生产胺菊酯所用氯化氢是用三氯乙醛副产氯化氢经吸收脱及后剖得之高纯氯化氢.由于该法所提供的氯化氢供应不及时常常影响胺菊酯的生产,我们试验采用如下方法处理合成炉氯化氢以用于胺菊酯的生产.一、新工艺净化氯化氢试验情况合成氯化氢经高硅铝比丝光沸石加工成的分子筛为干燥剂处理可使氯化氢中含水降到10～50ppm,Cl_2游我们采用5号颗粒活性炭吸附除去,而Fe~+++一般很少随气流外     

硝酸生产中氨气流量测量的压力补偿

一、概述在硝酸生产中,氧化炉是关键设备之一。在加压法生产硝酸时,氨气和空气按一定比例在氧化炉内进行如下反应: 反应后得到的一氧化氮氧化成二氧化氮,然后用水吸收成稀硝酸,再经提浓成为98％以上的浓硝酸。工艺要求氧化炉内的转化率为97％以上,氧化炉温度控制在840±5℃范围内。在生产实践中发现,当氨气流量变动1％时,氧化炉内温度将改变64℃左右,可见氨     

氯化反应和酰氯化反应尾气的综合应用

氯化反应含有氯气的氯化氢尾气用水吸收得到副产盐酸Ⅰ,酰氯化反应含有二氧化硫的氯化氢尾气用水吸收得到副产盐酸Ⅱ,两股副产盐酸以一定比例混合,使其中的氯气和二氧化硫发生氧化还原反应,得到无色的盐酸,用于羧酸钠盐的酸化。这些综合应用方法达到了废物利用的目的。     

氯化氢分解亚硫酸氢铵母液制高浓度二氧化硫动力学研究

回收冶炼厂、化工厂含二氧化硫尾气,目前国内外多采用钠法、石灰法、氧化镁法、氨法等。其中氨法用得较多,用氨吸收尾气中的二氧化硫。所采用的酸化法,有硫酸酸化法,硝酸酸化法、磷酸酸化法。株洲化工厂根据本厂生产特点,采用氯化氢气体分解亚     

二合一石墨合成炉的应用

河北宝硕集团有限公司(简称宝硕集团)原采用钢制合成炉生产氯化氢气体,从氯氢处理工序送来的氢气经氢气缓冲罐、阻火器．与来自氯氢处理工序的氯气经缓冲罐一起进入钢制合成炉内燃烧化合成氯化氢。氯化氢在空气冷却管内降温到120℃,送入石墨冷却器降温到30℃,进入一级降膜吸收器,与来自二级吸收器的稀酸并流吸收成为合格的盐酸;未被吸收的氯化氢气体从一级吸收器分气口出来,与来自尾气塔的稀酸并流进入二级吸收器的进气口,未被吸收的气体进入尾气塔进行吸收,不凝气经喷射泵后排空。     

水胺硫磷酯化尾气的治理及其效果

有机磷杀虫剂水胺硫磷以水杨酸异丙酯为重要中间体。亚砜法生产水杨酸异丙酯的路线,在酰氯化、酯化反应过程中,将产生大量的氯化氢、二氧化硫混合酯化尾气。以酯化反应每批投入1吨水杨酸计,氯化氢、二氧化硫     

氯化氢甲(乙)醇生产工艺的研究

研究了吸收温度、氯化氢流量、吸收时间对氯化氢甲醇浓度的影响,获得了氯化氢甲醇溶液的最佳生产条件(氯化氢乙醇溶液的吸收条件与氯化氢甲醇溶液基本相同),确定了其工业化生产方案。     

无机盐技术进展三则

<正> 用软锰矿浆吸收工业废气中的二氧化硫生产硫酸锰的方法,从五十年代起就有人进行研究,但极少能坚持工业化。主是因为吸收工艺及吸收设备选型问题和其生产过程中伴生的连二硫酸锰的脱除问题不易解决。 广西大学用软锰矿浆通过低阻力的卧式机械喷洒吸收器吸收二氧化硫,其二氧化硫的回收率>95％,废气经处理后,排放气中的二氧化硫浓度低于200ppm。吸收工艺过程     

关于浮法玻璃工厂危险化学品的使用安全

浮法玻璃工厂在生产中使用的液氨、氢气、煤气、天然气、二氧化硫等都属于危险化学品。锡槽使用的保护气体氮氢气主要有氨分解制取,属于危险化学品的生产。氨、氢气、煤气、天然气、二氧化硫为国家重点监控的危险化学品,在生产和使用中存在着火灾爆炸、中毒窒息等危险。     

普光气田脱硫装置非正常生产时二氧化硫捕集系统吸收剂体系研究

二氧化硫已成为我国大气污染的主要污染源之一,已经形成了多项有效地控制污染的技术。本文针对普光气田脱硫联合装置非正常生产时的现场情况,通过实验对比氢氧化钠、氧化镁、氧化钙、氨水等物质对二氧化硫的吸收率,选出最佳的二氧化硫吸收药剂体系及最佳吸收剂浓度,并且分析对比了该药剂体系的经济技术指标。     

Characterization of penetrant interactions in Kapton polyimide using a gravimetric sorption technique

Sorption of pure anhydrous ammonia and pure sulfur dioxide in Kapton polymide has been measured at 30 and 35°C at subatmospheric pressures using a McBain quartz spring balance. The sulfur dioxide sorption and desorption was well described by the Fickian transport model; however, the ammonia sorption exhibited significant deviations from Fickian behavior. A substantial fraction of the initially sorbed ammonia remained in the film after extended periods under vacuum at 35°C. Infrared analysis of the treated film revealed the presence of new carbonyl and nitrogen–hydrogen stretching peaks characteristic of primary and secondary amides. These observations suggest that the ammonia reacts chemically with some of the imide linkages. Based on infrared analysis of the ammonia-exposed Kapton, heating the sample under vacuum at 120°C caused re-formation of most of the orginally disturbed imide structures, with attendant evolution of ammonia as a condensation product.     

尿素设备腐蚀的影响因素分析及防腐措施

针对尿素生产的特点,分析了对尿素设备腐蚀的影响因素:介质温度、氨碳摩尔比、水碳摩尔比、氨基甲酸铵溶液浓度、氧含量、硫含量、氯离子含量和介质流速等。提出了正常生产和停车封塔2种情况下的防腐措施。正常生产期间要严格控制如下指标:操作温度、系统的加氧量、硫含量、氯离子含量、氨碳比和水碳比;停车期间要严格控制系统的氨碳比和水碳比,同时根据不同状况来确定停车封塔时间。     

Selective Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Gases Containing Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide Using Diethanolamine

Abstract

It is sometimes necessary to selectively remove hydrogen sulfide from gases containing carbon dioxide. This may be the case for example in the production of sulfur using the Claus process. When two gases are simultaneously absorbed into a solution containing a reactant with which each gas can react, the rate of absorption of each component is affected by the presence of the other gas. For the absorption of hydrogen sulfide into primary and secondary amines, the reaction which occurs can usually be considered to be instantaneous. An instantaneous reaction is diffusion-limited since the reaction occurs so rapidly that the liquid phase reactant and the absorbed gas cannot coexist in the same region of the liquid. For primary and secondary amines used for gas treatment, the reaction with carbon dioxide is much slower than for hydrogen sulfide and can often be considered to be second order.

In this work the simultaneous absorption of two gases into a liquid containing a reactant with which both gases can react is modeled using penetration theory. It is assumed that one gas reacts instantaneously and the other gas undergoes a second order reaction. Parameters used in the calculations are those available in the literature corresponding to the absorption of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in diethanolamine.     

Evaluation of a robust, diimide-based, porous organic polymer (POP) as a high-capacity sorbent for representative chemical threats

A previously described porous organic polymer (NU-POP-1) was evaluated against four representative chemical threats: ammonia, cyanogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, and octane. Ammonia, cyanogen chloride, and sulfur dioxide are examples of toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) spanning the range from highly basic to strong-acid forming substances, while octane is used to assess physical adsorption capacity. Experiments were carried out using a microbreakthrough test apparatus, which measures the adsorption capacity at saturation and gives an indication of the strength of adsorption. The NU-POP-1 material exhibited substantial removal capabilities against the majority of the toxic chemicals, with capacities as high as or better than an activated, impregnated carbon. The ability to remove the highly volatile toxic chemicals ammonia and cyanogen chloride was intriguing, as these chemicals typically require reactive moieities for removal. The present work presents a benchmark for toxic chemical removal, and future work will focus on incorporating functional groups targeting the toxic chemicals of interest.     

High flux freeze-dried cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes as microporous barriers in gas permeation and separation

The permeations of helium, hydrogen, methane, ethylene, nitrogen, and argon, and helium–methane, nitrogen–ethylene, oxygen–nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide–nitrogen mixtures have been studied using freeze-dried porous cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes. The results illustrate the existence of mobile and immobile sorbed layers and the governing influence of surface flow in gas-phase reverse osmosis separations. Preshrunk freeze-dried porous cellulose acetate membranes seem to offer a practical means of utilizing the reverse osmosis process for recovering helium from natural gas and separating sulfur dioxide from flue gases.     

Gas cyclone-liquid jet absorption separator used for treatment of tail gas containing HCl in titanium dioxide industry

In the titanium dioxide industry, there is a lack of a low-cost and high-efficiency treatment method for chloride containing tail gas. In this paper, the removal of HCl from the titanium dioxide industry by gas cyclone-liquid jet separator was studied, while Ca(OH)₂, Na₂CO₃, NaOH solution, and water were used as absorbents. This paper investigated the influence of gas cyclone-liquid jet separator’s various process parameters on the removal rate of hydrogen chloride gas. The mechanism of mass transfer in the process of removing hydrogen chloride was discussed, and the effect and feasibility of HCl gas removal in the gas cyclone-liquid jet absorption separator were studied. The results showd that the removal efficiency of hydrogen chloride maintained above 95%, up to 99.9%, and the total mass transfer coefficient reached 0.28 mol·m^-3·s^-1·kPa^-1. Under the same conditions, the absorption effect and total mass transfer coefficient of weak basic absorption liquid can be greatly improved by increasing the flow rate of absorption liquid, but the absorption effect and total mass transfer coefficient of strong alkaline absorption liquid can’t be improved obviously. The larger the inlet gas volume, the higher the gas concentration, the lower the absorption efficiency and the lower the total volumetric mass transfer coefficient.     

木质素磺酸钠吸收烟道气中的SO2

本文就木质素磺酸钠溶液脱除烟道气中SO_2进行了实验研究。实验采用双搅拌气-液反应器,探讨了木质素磺酸钠的浓度、温度等因素对SO_2吸收的影响,并求取了化学吸收增强因子。结果表明,木质素磺酸钠能有效地脱除烟道气中的SO_2。     

高纯无水亚硫酸钠生产工艺研究

利用硫酸装置的二氧化硫烟气,经净化处理后用亚硫酸钠溶液吸收,吸收液再用烧碱液中和,制得高纯无水亚硫酸钠产品。该工艺提高了资源的综合利用效率;解决了高浓度烧碱液直接吸收二氧化硫工艺装置运行不稳定、产品纯度难以保证的难题;可变生产成本比纯碱法低;产品质量能够满足食品级无水亚硫酸钠产品的质量指标要求。