成都住宅建筑实现节能65%目标的影响因素研究

以成都地区住宅建筑为研究对象,通过正交试验设计结合建筑空调能耗模拟的分析方法,研究影响建筑空调能耗的主要因素,包括朝向、窗墙比、外窗类型、外墙外保温及外窗外遮阳,最终发现外窗使用镀反射膜双层中空玻璃,外墙使用70mm EPS保温板的节能措施较难实现成都住宅建筑节能65%目标,需辅以其他节能手段。     

苏南地区既有住宅外窗及外遮阳节能改造技术

针对苏南地区既有住宅能耗偏高的问题,以苏南地区常州市某老小区住宅为研究对象,综合评估外窗的热工性能及外遮阳方式对建筑能耗的影响,提出优化的节能改造方案,并对外窗及外遮阳的热工性能进行针对性的研究,为苏南地区大规模既有住宅外窗及外遮阳节能改造奠定基础。     

寒冷地区某既有办公建筑围护结构优化改造研究

既有公共建筑能耗中,围护结构节能潜力巨大。以兰州某既有办公建筑为例,采用DeST-C软件模拟围护结构不同材料厚度、窗型,得出系列负荷,通过对数据分析、比较,得出如下结论:外墙外保温适宜材料为50mm的挤塑板,最大热负荷节能率为45.66%;屋面适宜保温材料为65mm的挤塑板,最大热负荷节能率为4.25%;外窗各个朝向全部更换玻璃,推荐选用内张膜中空玻璃(双膜),最大热负荷节能率为7.36%;单独更换南向外窗材料,推荐选用真空镀膜复合中空玻璃,最大热负荷节能率为1.78%。     

泸州地区住宅外窗节能设计浅析

调研了四川省泸州地区住宅外窗节能设计现状,就建筑外窗的玻璃,窗框以及遮阳措施等方面进行分析,并通过典型案例计算,对泸州地区住宅外窗节能设计进行了初步的探讨与研究.     

兰州地区不同外窗对居住建筑能耗的影响

采用DeST-h软件对兰州地区一栋住宅楼进行了全年采暖能耗逐时模拟,研究外窗传热系数,遮阳系数和窗墙比对住宅建筑能耗的影响。通过模拟计算,得出了不同朝向房间的全年累计负荷指标随窗墙比的变化规律,以及不同外窗传热系数的相对节能率。     

外窗遮阳对闽北办公建筑综合能耗的影响

闽北地区夏季闷热,通过外窗进入的太阳辐射热量较大。本文以南平地区为例,首先分析了外窗玻璃太阳辐射得热数学模型,指出减小外窗太阳能透过率可有效解决夏季太阳照射带来的室内过热。其次,分析了办公建筑侧窗采光数学模型,指出外窗遮阳减弱了建筑自然采光,增加照明能耗,外窗遮阳措施应综合考虑照明和空调能耗。为兼顾空调制冷与照明的能耗平衡,本文采用建筑环境模拟分析软件DeST,采用8种不同综合遮阳系数的外窗,模拟分析综合遮阳系数对建筑照明能耗、空调能耗的影响。最后得到适合闽北地区办公建筑的外窗遮阳措施。     

福建闽南地区建筑住宅外窗节能设计的探讨

近年来,福建闽南地区住宅建设发展迅速,规模巨大。而居住建筑的能耗由通过建筑物围护结构的传热耗能量和通过外窗缝喙的空气渗透耗能量两部分构成。外窗是“耗能大户”,是节能的重点部位,改善建筑物外窗的隔热性能、降低遮阳系数和加强气密性能是建筑节能的重要内容。本文对于福建闽南地区建筑住宅外窗节能设计进行了探讨。     

武汉市既有建筑围护结构节能潜力分析

既有建筑的围护结构具有较大的节能潜力。利用Design Builder对武汉市某建筑进行模拟和分析,得到通过围护结构节能改造可以大大降低空调和建筑全年总能耗,且对夏热冬冷地区,围护结构节能效果最好的是中空窗和活动外遮阳技术。     

深圳地区居住建筑外窗性能参数调研及其能耗模拟分析

本文对深圳地区居住建筑的外窗(包括构造形式、外遮阳设施、窗墙比、外窗可开启面积与所在房间地面面积的比值等)进行详细的调研和分析.根据调研的结果,采用WINDOWS5.2对几种常用外窗和节能外窗的性能参数(包括传热系数U-值、太阳辐射得热系数SHGC、可见光透过率VT等)进行模拟分析,并根据上述模拟结果利用DOE-2对实际调研建筑进行能耗分析.最后根据能耗分析结果提出了几点深圳地区居住建筑节能外窗发展的建议.     

对《中空玻璃》标准中技术要求的几点看法

中空玻璃是一种节能、环保型产品,因其具有隔热、隔音、防霜、防结露等优良性能,在建筑领域应用越来越广泛。据调研,中空玻璃因其生产工艺较为简单,在生产建筑外窗的企业中有半数以上的企业在生产或正准备生产中空玻璃,中空玻璃的质量越来越受到人们的关注。GB/T11944—2002《中空玻璃》是中空玻璃生产惟一的标准依据,我们在实际的检验操作中发现GB/T11944—2002《中空玻璃》中有些技术要求所表述的内容有待进一步的科学化和严谨化,以利于指导生产和检验,提高中空玻璃的产品质量。一、中空玻璃两对角线之差标准中表述:正方形和矩形中空玻…     

Dimensional stability of glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber

Fiber reinforced materials have been widely used in the different fields in terms of their excellent properties. In this work, glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber was in focus, and special attention was given to its dimensional stability with respective of different layers (0, 1, 2, 3) and mass fraction (1.5 wt.%, 3.0 wt.%, 4.5 wt.%, 6.0 wt.%, 7.5 wt.%) of glass fiber mesh. The experimental results showed that the glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber with 2 layers and 6.0 % mass fraction of glass fiber mesh has the greatest dimensional stability and energy efficiency ratio. It is proposed to be adopted in the industrial processing of glass fiber reinforced poplar scrimber to improve its application and production benefit.     

Adhesion mechanism of destruction of silica-glass surface during the preparation and treatment of optical glassy arsenic Chalcogenides

Adhesion of As–S and As–Se glasses to silica glass is studied by means of the steady detachment method. The results demonstrate that the adhesion strength of the boundary of solid phases increases with the content of chalcogens in the composition of glass. It is found that adhesion of arsenic sulfide glasses with sulfur content over 65% to silica glass exceeds the tensile strength of the silica glass during the process of solidification and annealing of chalcogenide preforms. The adhesion of arsenic chalcogenides to silica glass is determined to be the reason of chalcogenide glass contamination by heterophase inclusions.     

Hybridization of carbon–glass epoxy composites: An approach to achieve low coefficient of thermal expansion at cryogenic temperatures

The paper is based on a study to develop carbon–glass epoxy hybrid composites with desirable thermal properties for applications at cryogenic temperatures. It analyzes the coefficient of thermal expansion of carbon–epoxy and glass–epoxy composite materials and compares it with the properties of carbon–glass epoxy hybrid composites in the temperature range 300 K to 125 K. Urethane modified epoxy matrix system is used to make the composite specimens suitable for use even for temperatures as low as 20 K. It is noted that the lay-up with 80% of carbon fibers in the total volume fraction of fibers oriented at 30° and 20% of glass fibers oriented at 0° yields near to zero coefficient of thermal expansion as the temperature is lowered from ambient to 125 K.     

Influence of glass addition and sintering temperature on the structure,mechanical properties and dielectric strength of high-voltage insulators

Soda-lime glass as a substituent for the feldspar was used to prepare high-tension electrical porcelain by standard chemical solid reaction technique. The effect of glass substitution and sintering temperature on the physical properties, microstructure, hardness, modulus of rupture, flexural strength and Dielectric breakdown strength were examined. Zero water absorption (WA %) and apparent porosity (AP %) were achieved for the samples with glass content >15 wt.% sintered at 1100 °C. The apparent density was found to increase with sintering temperature. The Vicker’s micro-hardness increased with both glass addition and sintering temperature. Both of the modulus of rupture (MOR) and flexural strength (σ_f) had maxima values at 15 wt.% glass addition. The structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It showed the formation of mullite needles at sintering temperature of 1100 °C, which enhanced the mechanical and electrical properties of the porcelain. The dielectric breakdown strength increased with sintering temperature and glass addition. The highest dielectric strength was found at 10 wt.% of glass addition depending on the Na₂O and Fe₂O₃ content.     

透明超疏水玻璃表面的制备及性能研究

目的研究透明超疏水玻璃的制备及性能。方法以纳米二氧化硅和无水乙醇为原料制成半透明乳液,然后将乳液喷涂在玻璃表面,再通过接触角测试、透光率测试仪等手段对玻璃表面的性能进行研究。结果在玻璃基材表面构建了与水滴接触角高达158°±2°,滚动角低至1°的透明超疏水表面。当喷涂液中纳米二氧化硅的质量分数为1.5%时,获得的超疏水玻璃表面具有优异的防水性、抗污易清洁性和透明性。结论在玻璃基底上制备透明超疏水表面可以大大提高玻璃表面的防水、防污性,并使玻璃表面更易于清洁,有利于减少玻璃包装材料清洗时的用水量和洗涤剂用量,从而增强玻璃包装材料的生态环保效应。     

人工神经网络在玻璃配方设计中的应用研究

应用人工神经网络技术,采用Neuralworks Predict软件建立BP网络模型,通过对R2O-MO-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃组成与热膨胀系数关系实验数据的训练,以期能预测该系统指定组成的玻璃的热膨胀系数?研究结果表明,所建立的神经网络模型能较正确地反映玻璃氧化物组成与其热膨胀系数之间的规律性。模型对给定组成玻璃热膨胀系数的预测值与实际测试值的相对误差在6．4％以内,表明由神经网络技术建立的这一模型能正确反映R2O-MO-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃组成与热膨胀系数间的内在规律性。     

镀膜浮法玻璃的风化性能

采用人工加速风化的方法研究了镀有SiO2薄膜的浮法玻璃的风化性能,并与相同风化条件下的浮法玻璃原片的表面状态进行了比对,从风化机理上进行了分析。红外反射光谱和扫描电镜分析结果表明,镀有SiO2薄膜的浮法玻璃和未镀膜玻璃随着风化温度和风化时间的增加,均呈现风化现象逐渐加重的现象。但前者风化程度明显低于后者,尤其当风化条件(70℃,75%RH,风化15d)恶劣时,镀膜玻璃表面只出现了小块斑点和红外光谱的略微变化;而未镀膜玻璃表面则出现大面积的侵蚀斑块,在红外谱图上不仅≡Si—O—Si≡特征峰发生位移,而且出现了C?O的特征峰。说明SiO2膜层能够很好地阻挡玻璃表面Na+与空气中H+、H3O+的交换,有效地抑制玻璃表面风化的发生。     

硼改性酚醛树脂的合成及其模塑料力学性能研究

研究了硼酸加入量对所合成硼改性酚醛树脂性能的影响。通过红外光谱和热重等分析手段对硼改性酚醛树脂的结构和热性能进行表征,分别考察其在氮气和空气氛围下的残炭率,获知当苯酚、甲醛和硼酸之间的物质的量比为1∶1.4∶0.4时,硼改性酚醛树脂的残炭率最高,分别为67.82%和10.92%。此外,以硼改性酚醛树脂为基体树脂制备模塑料并考察其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和抗冲击强度等力学性能。综合考虑以上热性能和力学性能,确定苯酚、甲醛和硼酸之间的最佳物质的量比为1∶1.4∶0.3。最后,研究了添加不同种类和不同含量的填料对酚醛模塑料力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：以短玻璃纤维为填料时,酚醛模塑料的力学性能优于木粉和长玻璃纤维混合物填料;若使用木粉和长玻璃纤维混合物填料,当木粉与长玻璃纤维的质量比为1∶3时,酚醛模塑料的力学性能最佳。     

Glass Powders with a High Content of Calcium Oxide: A Step Towards a “Green” Universal Biocide

It is shown that soda‐lime glass powders (d < 100 µm) with a content of CaO ranging from 15 to 20 wt‐% are strong inorganic biocide agents, with a logarithm of reduction > 4, versus Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and yeasts. First, the glass particles are attached to the cell membrane; then, the Ca²⁺ lixiviated from the glass particles surface brings about membrane depolarization and subsequent death of the cells.