太阳能电池中的几种新型敏化剂

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)是近几十年来发展起来的新型的高效率、低成本的电池,而染料敏化剂的性能对DSSC的光电转换效率有重要的影响.介绍了敏化剂对TiO2的敏化作用机理,并着重概述了染料太阳能电池中的几种新型敏化剂的设计合成,在此基础上,指出研制高光电转换效率、成本低廉、环境友好、具有良好稳定性的敏化剂是未来敏化剂...     

染料敏化太阳能电池固态电解质的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池,因具有原材料价格低廉、制作工艺简单、光电转换效率高等优点,成为最具市场潜力的太阳能电池之一。电解质作为染料敏化太阳能电站的重要组成部分,担负着还原染料、运输载流子完成电池内部循环的作用。染料敏化太阳能电池的实用化及产业化需求,要求设计、制备高性能的固态染料敏化太阳能电池。介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的基本机构和工作原理,阐述了国内外的研究发展现状,展望了发展前景。     

ZnO材料的制备及其在染料敏化电池上的应用研究

分别以不同质量的生物分子牛血清蛋白为模板剂,制备了不同大小粒径的ZnO半导体材料,并将其用作染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极材料。结果发现,大颗粒(粒径为600 nm)的光电效率为0.473%,低于小颗粒(粒径为100 nm)的0.645%的光电效率。研究发现,粒径大小对ZnO染料敏化电池的短路电流密度有较大的影响,粒径越大,短路电流密度越小。随着牛血清蛋白量的增加,ZnO纳米粒子的粒径逐渐增大,短路电流密度依次减小。当牛血清蛋白加入量为0.05 g时,ZnO基DSSC的光电转换效率最高。     

Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on Vertical ZnO Nanowire Arrays

Flexible dye-sensitized solar cells are fabricated using vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays that are transferred onto ITO-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates using a simple peel-off process. The solar cells demonstrate an energy conversion efficiency of 0.44% with good bending tolerance. This technique paves a new route for building large-scale cost-effective flexible photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices.     

染料敏化太阳电池中电解质的研究进展

作为新一代的太阳能电池染料敏化太阳电池应用前景广阔,而电解质体系是该类电池重要组成部分,对电池性能有着重要的影响。文章对染料敏化太阳电池中的电解质研究进行了综述,根据电解质的类型将染料敏化太阳电池分为液体电解质电池、溶胶-凝胶(准固态)电解质电池和固态电解质电池,分析了这三种太阳电池的优缺点,并对其前景进行展望。     

Rapid synthesis and dye-sensitized solar cell applications of hexagonal-shaped ZnO nanorods

This paper reports, for the first time, a very rapid and large-scale synthesis and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) application of well-crystallized hexagonal-shaped ZnO nanorods at very low temperature of about 70 °C in 20 min. The thin films of as-grown nanorods were used as photo-anode materials to fabricate the DSSCs which exhibited an overall light to electricity conversion efficiency (ECE) of 1.86% with a fill factor of 74.4%, short-circuit current of 3.41 mA/cm² and open-circuit voltage of 0.73 V.     

Controlled synthesis of various ZnO nanostructured materials by capping agents-assisted hydrothermal method for dye-sensitized solar cells

In this work, the morphology of ZnO materials could be controlled by changing the capping agent at constant alkali solution in hydrothermal process. ZnO nanomaterials with the structure of flowers, sheet-spheres and plates were obtained with the capping agent of ammonia, citric acid and oxalic acid, respectively. Thus prepared ZnO nanomaterials were characterized and applied as the photo-anode materials for dye-sensitized solar cell. All synthesized ZnO nanomaterials possessed high crystalline wurtzite structures grown in the (0 0 1) direction with the size of 2-4 μm, which consist of ZnO units around 20-400 nm. Among them, Sheet-sphere ZnO showed the highest crystallinity, surface area and uniform film morphology, resulting in the significantly improved PV performance with the overall conversion efficiency of 2.61% in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) fabricated with sheet-sphere ZnO. It is notable that the ZnO materials with sphere structure may be the optimal photo-anode material among various ZnO nanomaterials for DSSC.     

ZnO nanosphere fabrication using the functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells

The nano-hollow spherical ZnO (NHS ZnO) photoelectrodes were prepared using functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles with flexible dimensional control of the particle diameter for dye-sensitized solar cells applications. NHS ZnO was formed by ZnO nanoparticles that accumulated on the surface of functionalized polystyrene with a high ionic strength. This method represents a one-step preparation method for an inorganic shell via polymerization between ZnO complexes. Even though NHS ZnO has a submicron size, it composed of nanoparticles that connect with each other, thereby implying good electron transfer properties, and has a high surface area. The submicron-sized diameter NHS ZnO has an enhanced light scattering capacity, which promotes the photons with more opportunities to be absorbed by the N719 dye molecules. Therefore, the ZnO films prepared from 600 nm to 1000 nm NHS ZnO possessed higher IPCE values over a wide range (from 400 nm to 750 nm) compared to films of the 300 nm ZnO due to the enhanced light scattering capacities of the film. In photocurrent-voltage measurements, the short-circuit current density of 300 nm and 600 nm NHS ZnO increases from 3.33 mA/cm² to 6.53 mA/cm² while the cell efficiency increases from 1.04% to 3.02% due to the light scattering efficiency. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that electrons in NHS ZnO with a larger particle size have a longer electron lifetime than NHS ZnO with a smaller particle size, as the latter hinders the electron transport in the NHS ZnO nanostructured films.     

Recent Advances in Counter Electrodes for Thiolate-mediated Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on disulfide/thiolate (T₂/T⁻) redox couples have attracted remarkable attention due to their high efficiency and low cost. As an indispensible part of DSSCs, counter electrode (CE) design plays a crucial role in high efficiency DSSCs. This mini-review paper selectively reviews the recent advances in T-mediated DSSCs using novel CE (namely cathode) materials, mainly including noble metal platinum (Pt), carbon materials, transition metal compounds (TMCs), polymers, and hybrids, thus highlighting the merits and demerits of alternative Pt catalysts, and the prospects and challenges of Pt-free CEs for the development of high-performance and low-cost DSSCs.     

QUASI-SOLID-STATE DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS BASED ON ZnO PHOTOANODE

ZnO photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been successfully prepared by the electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) technique. The sandwich solar cells exhibited a short-circuit photocurrent density of 7.0 mA cm^?2 and conversion efficiency of 1.65% with a quasi-solid-state electrolyte under simulated sun illumination (AM-1.5, 100 mW cm^?2). The stability and the influencing factors, such as film thickness and light intensity, on solar cell performance were discussed.     

QUASI-SOLID-STATE DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS BASED ON ZnO PHOTOANODE

ZnO photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been successfully prepared by the electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) technique. The sandwich solar cells exhibited a short-circuit photocurrent density of 7.0 mA cm^-2 and conversion efficiency of 1.65% with a quasi-solid-state electrolyte under simulated sun illumination (AM-1.5, 100 mW cm^-2). The stability and the influencing factors, such as film thickness and light intensity, on solar cell performance were discussed.     

天然染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

简单回顾了染料敏化太阳能电池的发展以及目前存在的弊端,分析了天然染料作为染料敏化太阳能电池敏化剂的优、缺点及发展潜力。按所用天然染料种类的不同,详细综述了近年来天然染料敏化太阳能电池的国内外研究进展,进而合理分析和预测了天然染料敏化太阳能电池的发展趋势及实用化必须解决的关键问题。     

A Novel Covalently Linked Zn Phthalocyanine-Zn Porphyrin Dyad for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

A novel Zn phthalocyanine-Zn porphyrin (ZnPc-ZnPor) dyad ( 1 ), in which a zinc porphyrin moiety is linked covalently with an ABAB-type zinc phthalocyanine moiety, has been designed and synthesized. The ZnPc-ZnPor dyad 1 can absorb over a wide spectral range of visible light. The fluorescence spectrum of dyad 1 revealed an intramolecular efficient energy transfer from Zn porphyrin to Zn phthalocyanine. When dyad 1 was used as a light-harvesting sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells, the cell sensitized by dyad 1 provided a power conversion efficiency of 2.7 % under simulated air mass 1.5 global sunlight. The incident photon-to-current efficiency spectrum of the dyad 1 cell suggested the contribution of both components in dyad 1 for the current generation.     

Rational Design of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Small Molecules as Donating Materials for Organic Solar Cells

A series of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based small molecules have been designed to explore their optical, electronic, and charge transport properties as organic solar cell (OSCs) materials. The calculation results showed that the designed molecules can lower the band gap and extend the absorption spectrum towards longer wavelengths. The designed molecules own the large longest wavelength of absorption spectra, the oscillator strength, and absorption region values. The optical, electronic, and charge transport properties of the designed molecules are affected by the introduction of different π-bridges and end groups. We have also predicted the mobility of the designed molecule with the lowest total energies. Our results reveal that the designed molecules are expected to be promising candidates for OSC materials. Additionally, the designed molecules are expected to be promising candidates for electron and/or hole transport materials. On the basis of our results, we suggest that molecules under investigation are suitable donors for [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and its derivatives as acceptors of OSCs.     

染料敏化纳米TiO2薄膜太阳能电池的研究进展

本文综述了染料敏化纳米TiO2薄膜太阳能电池的研究概况,阐述了TiO2的结构、工作原理和制备方法,从掺杂离子和表面修饰等方面论述了改善TiO2光电性能的基本途径。     

ZnO/SnO2复合膜敏化太阳电池的研究

采用溶胶-水热法制备了平均径拉为30nmZnO/SnO2复合胜,利用XRD,SEM对其晶相组成及表面形貌进行了表征.以N3染料作为光敏化剂,制备了染料敏化ZnO/SnO2复合膜太阳电池,光电测试结果表明:模拟太阳光下(100mW·cm-2),当物质的量比为nZnO:nSoO2-2时,其开路电压620mV,短路电流14.53mA/cm2,填充因子0.583,总光电转化效率为5.25%.并分析了膜结构及组成对光电性能的影响.     

环保型准固态电解质的制备及在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

本文介绍了一种制备染料敏化太阳电池(DSC)准固态电解质的新方法——混合溶剂法.该方法具有制作工艺简单、所用溶剂对人及环境无污染等优点.将混合溶剂法制备的准固态电解质应用于太阳电池,并系统研究了电解质组成及环境温度对电解质及其DSC性能的影响规律.     

以ZIF-8为前驱体制备ZnO-TiO2复合材料及其敏化太阳能电池性能的研究

通过硝酸锌与2-甲基咪唑反应制备沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料(ZIF-8),利用钛酸正四丁酯在ZIF-8表面水解得到ZIF/TiO2复合材料。在空气气氛中于不同温度条件下对ZIF/TiO2复合材料进行热处理得到不同的ZnO/TiO2复合材料,并应用于DSSC的光阳极,测试电池的光电流-光电压特征曲线,对测试结果进行分析。结果表明:不同ZnO/TiO2复合材料为光阳极材料制备的DSSC,光电转换效率与直接热处理制备的ZnO单相材料相比有了显著提高,其中热处理温度为600℃时,材料具备最高的光电转换效率,为3.69%,比直接热处理制备的ZnO单相材料0.78%的光电转换效率提高了373%,说明加入TiO2制备复合材料可以大幅度提高ZnO基DSSC的光电性能。     

染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极制备及其应用

本文采用二氧化钛(P25),粘结剂及溶剂,研磨数小时得到均匀分散的纳米二氧化钛浆料,通过涂布法在FTO导电玻璃衬底上制备了光阳极,并用其组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。经过优化二氧化钛和粘结剂的比例,得到平整、致密、均匀的二氧化钛薄膜。对二氧化钛薄膜进行FTIR、SEM和光学显微镜表征,并对组装电池进行光电性能测试,研究了二氧化钛浆料不同制备条件对太阳能电池性能的影响。结果表明,二氧化钛粉末和粘结剂质量比为4∶3时,制备的二氧化钛浆料稳定性高;涂布厚度为20μm时,电池性能较好。组装的染料敏化太阳能电池在100mW/cm2模拟太阳光照下,光电转换效率达到2.51%。     

Dye-sensitized solar cells employing polymers

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are of interest due to their potential use as inexpensive and environmentally friendly photovoltaic (PV) devices with acceptable power conversion efficiency (PCE). Platinum (Pt) metal is, traditionally, the preferred material for the counter electrode (CE) component of DSSCs, however, further development of iodide/triiodide (I⁻/I₃⁻) based liquid-electrolyte DSSCs using Pt remains challenging due to the high cost of this scarce metal and its susceptibility to corrosion. Additional concerns include solvent leakage and low chemical stability resulting from volatile liquid electrolyte used in DSSCs. In order to counteract this issue, polymer electrolytes or hole-transporters with higher mobilities are employed as a replacement for liquid electrolytes. In this regard, polymers can serve as efficient CE materials by replacing the platinized electrode in liquid-electrolyte DSSCs, while also substituting for the liquid electrolytes as polymer electrolytes or hole-transporters in solid-state or quasi solid-state DSSCs. Considering the fragility and shape restrictions of glass substrates, polymer substrates may also be used to replace rigid glass substrates, providing more flexible DSSCs. Herein, applications of the polymers as cell components (CEs, polymer electrolytes or hole-transporter, and plastic substrates) in DSSCs are discussed, with special focus on the role that polymers play in DSSCs and widely accepted reports of PV performance. The current understanding of the factors and strategies involved in improving the performance of polymers in DSSCs are reviewed and analyzed. In addition, the benefits, challenges and potential utility of polymers for use in DSSCs are assessed.