220、330kV线路全线复合绝缘子分析与应用

以宁夏电网为例,分析了220、330 kV输电线路全线采用复合绝缘子的可行性,突出全线采用复合成绝缘子免维、耐污性好、应用前景广阔等优越性,并针对输电线路常用的4种基本绝缘子串型--直线I串防鸟性能差、耐张水平串机械强度要求高,跳线串和特殊串型风偏不足等难点问题,提出了相应措施.     

输电线路柔性复合拦阻索防风偏方案研究

针对现有常用输电线路防风偏措施的缺点,作者研究了新型柔性复合拦阻索防风偏方案,该方案在不影响输电线路正常运行的情况下,采用复合材料拦阻索,对输电线路I型绝缘子串风偏摇摆进行拦阻和抑制,从而降低杆塔风偏闪络概率,提高输电线路风偏安全可靠性。文中详细研究了该新型防风偏方案的技术方案。     

500kV双回路直线转角塔输电线路的防雷保护分析

针对江苏省的典型500kV双回直线转角塔输电线路,杆塔型号为SZJ1、SZJ2和SZJ16,采用电气几何模型,分析杆塔呼高和绝缘子串偏角对直线转角塔输电线路绕击耐雷性能影响。计算结果表明,随着杆塔的呼高增加,直线转角塔输电线路的绕击跳闸率逐渐增大;随着绝缘子串偏角的增加,SZJ1和SZJ16直线转角塔输电线路的绕击跳闸率逐渐增大,而SZJ2直线转角塔输电线路的绕击跳闸率先降低后增加,在40°左右达到最小值;SZJ1和SZJ16直线转角塔输电线路的绕击跳闸风险降低,SZJ2直线转角塔输电线路的绕击跳闸风险较高。选取江苏省500kV兴斗5294线的56号杆塔(SZJ2型)处输电线路进行仿真计算,结果表明56号杆塔的内侧中相导线最易遭受雷电绕击,绕击跳闸率最高,与实际运行经验比较符合。通过分析减小保护角对SZJ2直线转角塔线路绕击耐雷性能的影响,给出不同高度直线转角塔线路所需采用的保护角推荐值。     

输电线路冰灾事故原因及按新国标 提高设计标准的措施

为提高电网应对冰害的能力,科学指导未来输电线路的设计和建设,以2008年全国输电线路的冰害情况为背景,分析了覆冰倒塔的特点,指出覆冰过荷载、纵向张力差、绝缘子串覆冰闪络和导线舞动为覆冰倒塔的主要原因,并在新国标的基础上,提出防止冰灾事故的4项措施:缩小耐张段长度、抗冰加固措施、防舞动措施以及其他措施。     

沿海大风区超高压输电线路V型串设计中 关键问题探讨

V型绝缘子串可以有效减少输电线路走廊宽度,在经济发达地区得到广泛应用,V型串夹角的选择、V型串防风偏掉串及V型串受力荷载分析是沿海大风区超高压输电线路设计中的关键问题。结合V型串模拟试验情况,提出适用于沿海大风区经济可靠的V型串偏移角,全面分析现有各防止V型串风偏掉串措施的优劣性,提出改进的V型串联接方式,可解决导线绝缘子V型串球头脱落问题,分析传统V型串机械强度简化计算法的适用性,提出在大风区中须注意校验因V型串夹角引起的绝缘子串承受的荷载变化,特别是对Kv值较大的塔位     

同塔四回输电线路多回同时闪络耐雷性能及防治

为了更加科学有效地防范雷击同跳故障,根据雷击闪络绝缘子串放电发展的物理过程,在电磁暂态程序(EMTP)中建立了同塔四回输电线路雷击闪络模型。在考虑系统工作电压的情况下采用线路耐雷性能实际考量指标,研究了同塔四回线路雷击同跳闪络特性及相序排列、耦合地线等防雷措施的配置方式对线路耐雷性能的影响。结果表明,线路耐雷水平随系统电压相位角以近似非标准的正弦波波动;对同塔四回线路采用完全逆相序排列方式,其单回、双回闪络耐雷性能最佳;在塔顶架设耦合地线对提高线路耐雷性能比在塔底效果更好。     

输电线路防风偏措施研究

输电线路风偏事故给系统的安全稳定运行带来了较大影响,文中梳理了输电线路防风偏对策和措施,对降低输电线路风偏闪络故障事故率、提高输电线路安全运行水平有一定意义。     

架空输电线路覆冰在线监测系统的研究与实现

针对架空输电线路覆冰在线监测要求准确反映线路的覆冰状况,根据耐张塔和直线塔的不同结构特点,综合利用拉力、导线和绝缘子倾角的参数,较全面地考虑风偏因素影响,分别建立了耐张塔耐张塔和直线塔直线塔覆冰监测模型,提出了依据覆冰厚度与覆冰速度相结合的综合覆冰报警方案,并将覆冰模型及报警方案应用于实际监测系统,运行结果表明其满足输电线路覆冰告警和预警双重化功能要求。     

220 kV贺青甲线路耐张杆塔跳线断股成因及对策

基于220kV贺青甲输电线路#1～#84段共15基耐张杆塔跳线断股现状调查,对不安装间隔棒垂直排列型式的双分裂输电线路耐张杆塔跳线断股原因进行分析,并提出了增大固定上跳线与耐张金具间距的解决措施,通过改进FJQ-405球绞型间隔棒、实施安装跳线防磨间隔棒的防跳线断股方案,使该线路跳线断股数量由12处减至1处,运行效果良好,已推广应用至相同排列型式的垂直双分裂线路上。     

基于不变性广义霍夫变换的绝缘子串风偏角检测

以风偏跳闸为背景,实时监测绝缘子串风偏角为目的,提出了一种基于不变性广义霍夫变换(IGHT)的绝缘子串边缘特征匹配算法,实时检测绝缘子串的风偏角。对从输电线路杆塔采集到的彩色图像进行中值自适应滤波处理,滤除噪声;对图像进行灰度化处理后,对连续的三帧图像进行帧间差分并二值化处理提取绝缘子串的边缘特征;再通过不变性广义霍夫变换根据保存在数据库中的绝缘子串边缘特征模板匹配绝缘子串局部特征,确定绝缘子串两端端点的坐标,进而计算出绝缘子串的风偏角。结果表明,该算法能有效计算风偏角,且具有平移、尺度、旋转不变性,同时也具有较好的匹配精度和很好的稳定性。     

Potential for wind generation on the Guyana coastlands

Guyanas dependence upon imported petroleum fuels can only be offset by the sustained exploitation of its indigenous resources. With its populated coastlands exposed to the northeast trade winds and a history of small-scale wind energy utilisation wind is one such potential energy source. In this study, the coastal wind regime is analysed and historical data from a coastal weather station are used to estimate the potential for wind generation. It is found that a hybrid Weibull probability density function best describes the annual wind speed frequency distribution at the reference height of 10.67 m. With an annual mean wind speed of 5.8 ms, an energy pattern factor of 1.41, and an annual average power density of 159 Wm², this distribution represents a class-3 wind resource, suitable for most wind turbine applications. Site analysis and observed trends in coastal wind availability suggest the strong likelihood of a greater wind resource in more open locations. In view of its apparent potential for wind farm operation, a comprehensive, wind resource assessment programme is recommended for the Guyana coastlands.     

摇摆式垂直轴风力机气动特性数值模拟

针对垂直轴风力机无需对风,湍流风风向不断变化的情况,提出转轮轴向力随风向摇摆的垂直轴风力机,利用摇摆产生的切向风和来流风共同作用下的风能,提高气动性能.采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对三叶片摇摆式风力机进行模拟,研究风向变化的周期、幅角以及摇摆迟滞时间对固定式和摇摆式垂直轴风力机力矩系数的影响规律.结果表明:与固定式垂直轴...     

基于ERA5数据的江苏海域风能资源评估

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的ERA5风场数据，综合考虑风功率密度的时空分布、稳定性以及资源储量等要素，对江苏海域风能资源进行评估。结果表明，江苏海域多年平均风速和风功率密度总体呈现南高北低、离岸高近岸低的分布趋势。连云港近岸区域风功率密度等级小于2级，3级及以上区域主要分布在远海海域；盐城和南通除岸边潮间带滩涂区域外，大部分区域达到2级或3级，离岸约30 km可迅速提升至4级以上。风功率密度具有较明显的季节性分布特征；盐城南部和南通海域风能稳定性最好，连云港海域风能稳定性相对较差。南通和盐城南部风能资源有效储量最高，盐城北部次之，连云港最低。     

基于多波束数据的海上风机基础水下地形监测研究

[目的]为了确保海上风机运行安全,需要掌握海上风机基础周边地形的变化.[方法]文章采用了多波束测深系统对风机周边地形进行了6次定期监测,获取了高精度和高密度的水下地形点云数据,通过对点云数据进行数据处理和分析,构建了高精度的水下地形数字高程模型DEM,通过数字高程模型叠加分析,计算出不同时期的冲刷量,最后通过三维模型展...     

Mesoscale modeling of coastal low‐level jets: implications for offshore wind resource estimation

Detailed and reliable spatiotemporal characterizations of turbine hub height wind fields over coastal and offshore regions are becoming imperative for the global wind energy industry. Contemporary wind resource assessment frameworks incorporate diverse multiscale prognostic models (commonly known as mesoscale models) to dynamically downscale global‐scale atmospheric fields to regional‐scale (i.e., spatial and temporal resolutions of a few kilometers and a few minutes, respectively). These high‐resolution model solutions aim at depicting the expected wind behavior (e.g., wind shear, wind veering and topographically induced flow accelerations) at a particular location. Coastal and offshore regions considered viable for wind power production are also known to possess complex atmospheric flow phenomena (including, but not limited to, coastal low‐level jets (LLJs), internal boundary layers and land breeze–sea breeze circulations). Unfortunately, the capabilities of the new‐generation mesoscale models in realistically capturing these diverse flow phenomena are not well documented in the literature. To partially fill this knowledge gap, in this paper, we have evaluated the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model, a state‐of‐the‐art mesoscale model, in simulating a series of coastal LLJs. Using observational data sources we explore the importance of coastal LLJs for offshore wind resource estimation along with the capacity to which they can be numerically simulated. We observe model solutions to demonstrate strong sensitivities with respect to planetary boundary layer parameterization and initialization conditions. These sensitivities are found to be responsible for variability in AEP estimates by a factor of two. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Scottish survey shows firm public support for wind

The Scottish Executive has announced the results of a recent survey that shows strong public support for wind farms. The survey of residents living around Scotland's ten existing wind farms found high levels of acceptance and overwhelming support for wind power, with support strongest amongst those who lived closest to the wind farms.This is a short news story only. Visit www.re-focus.net for the latest renewable energy industry news.     

Wind power potential of Baja California Sur, México

This work is an analysis of wind characteristics of Baja California Sur (BCS), México, during the period from February 1997 to February 1998. Fifteen wind stations located in the eastern coastal area recorded the wind speed and wind direction for this region. The wind resources of BCS were recorded and the annual average wind speed, power density, and annual energy density at 10 m above ground level are presented here.We considered the wind data from El Cardón, BCS, as a case study. This location can be considered to be representative of the 15 wind stations that were installed in BCS. Using the Weibull probability density function, we estimated the wind energy output and the capacity factor for two different wind turbines during the year. The capacity factors for both wind turbines were estimated at close to 25%. Considering the wind energy output and the capacity factor, we estimated the levelized production costs for both wind turbines. Taking into account two different discount rates of 7% and 10%, we developed data for the levelized production cost of both wind turbines.     

无叶片风力机捕能柱涡激摆动特性及捕能效率

针对无叶片风力机捕能柱的涡激摆动特性,构建捕能柱系统简化的质量-阻尼-弹簧振动模型,推导其固有频率与捕能效率的计算式,并结合k-ωSST湍流模型和动网格方法,建立捕能柱涡激摆动的仿真模型并进行验证,探究捕能柱质量比、系统阻尼比和固有频率对其涡激摆动特性与捕能效率的影响.结果表明:捕能柱涡激摆动最大摆幅与捕能效率均发生在...     

海上风电嵌岩区风机基础比选原则及依据

  [目的]  随着海上风能的开发中心从江苏扩大至广东、福建等省份,海上风机基础的嵌岩问题已逐步成为海上风能开发中的核心问题,嵌岩区的风机基础造价严重制约着海上风电场的成本,因此海上风电嵌岩区的风机基础比选就显得尤为关键。  [方法]  讨论了几种风机基础的嵌岩施工工艺,探讨了嵌岩区海上风机基础的比选依据及原则,并对海上风电嵌岩问题的发展进行展望。  [结果]  研究表明:海上风电场嵌岩区域风机基础方案的比选原则应主要从结构安全性、施工可行性和经济性三个方面进行综合比选。在上述三个比选因素中,应首先满足结构安全性上的要求,在此基础上再满足施工可行性的要求,最后考虑经济性的影响。  [结论]  研究成果可为嵌岩区海上风电风机基础设计提供参考。     

海上风电场设施技术规范综述

  [目的]  文章旨在推动我国海上风电场设施技术规范的建立健全。  [方法]  指出了我国海上风电场建设中存在的问题,总结了国内外海上风电场设施规范标准,介绍了中国船级社对海上风电场设施技术规范的探索及成效。  [结果]  尽管国内海上风电的发展迅猛,但配套的海上风电场设施技术规范并没有及时跟进,更没有形成从设计、建造、安装、运维直至弃置的全生命周期技术规范体系;尽管欧洲拥有较为成熟的海上风电规范体系,但并不能完全照搬使用,如结构设计的LRFD方法,其分项系数与海域的环境条件和可靠性指标相关,适用于欧洲海域的分项系数并不适用于中国海域。  [结论]  因此,国内海上风电场技术规范体系的建立,需要业界共同努力、多方协作。传统的海洋工程专业应在该领域发挥更大的作用。中国船级社多年在海上风电领域的研究和积累,可为构建国内海上风电场设施技术规范体系提供借鉴和参考。