接枝聚阳离子磁性微球的合成及抗菌活性

共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米颗粒,经硅烷偶联剂3-(异丁烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)表面双键功能化,与季铵盐化(苄基溴化或溴己烷化)甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)单体自由基共聚,获得可循环利用的聚阳离子接枝的磁性抗菌微球(pQAC-Fe3O4)。颗粒形貌及表面性质通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(FT-IR)、动态光散射粒径分析(DLS)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)等表征。测试pQAC-Fe3O4微球对革兰氏阳性、革兰氏阴性菌及真菌的抗菌活性,结果表明两种具有外磁场响应性的pQAC-Fe3O4颗粒均具有高效广谱杀菌性,且经磁分离回收循环利用10次后对大肠杆菌的杀菌率仍可达95%以上。颗粒杀菌效果不仅与接枝季铵盐基团的多少有关还与季铵盐取代基团有关。     

N-长烷基壳聚糖季铵盐的合成及其抗菌活性研究

先用甲醛-甲酸法（eschweiler-clarke反应）合成N,N-二甲基壳聚糖（DMC）,再与溴代烷进行Hoffman烷基化反应制备了N-十二烷基-N,N-二甲基壳聚糖季铵盐（DODMC）和N-十六烷基-N,N-二甲基壳聚糖季铵盐（HDMC）,用FT-IR、1 H NMR、EA、TG等对产物进行表征。抗菌实验结果表明所合成产物具有较好的抗菌活性,对革兰氏阳性菌S.aureus的抗菌活性优于革兰氏阴性菌E.coli,抗菌活性随着烷基链长度的增加而增强;产物在pH值=5.5比在pH值=7.2条件下表现出更好的抗菌活性;在碱性及中性条件下,HDMC的抗菌活性随着季铵化度的提高而提高,而在酸性条件下抗菌活性则随着季铵化度提高而降低。     

季铵盐改性蒙脱土的制备与表征

采用离子交换法将不同的季铵盐交换到蒙脱土的层间得到改性蒙脱土。以十二烷基二甲基苄基氯(1227)为例,研究了季铵盐离子交换反应的最佳反应条件为:当温度为60℃,时间为6h,1227/CEC的摩尔比为1.5∶1.0时,1227的交换率为82.65%。在相同的条件下,其它的单季铵盐的交换率也均大于80%。其中1431的交换率达到99.75%。热重分析(TG)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)的结果表明季铵盐已经插入蒙脱土的层间,且季铵盐的热稳定性明显提高。     

高分子季铵盐型抗菌塑料的制备和抗菌性能

采用共价键合方法将高分子季铵盐接枝在纳米SiO2粉体表面,其抗细菌效果与无机载银抗菌剂相当,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为100 mg/L和1500 mg/L.使用抗菌剂母粒化法将其添加到聚乙烯(PE)中制备抗菌塑料,抗菌粉体均匀分散在塑料的外层,平均粒径为200 nm.抗菌塑料对细菌和霉菌的抗菌效果都非常显著,其防霉性能明显优于由无机载银抗菌剂制备的抗菌塑料.抗菌塑料人工老化处理不会使其抗菌效果明显下降,具有良好的抗菌长效性和稳定性.     

铜、银双组分无机抗菌材料的制备和性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制取白炭黑载体,在一定条件下,将具有杀菌性能的Cu2 、Ag 附着在白炭黑载体上,制得含Cu2 、Ag 双组分杀菌活性成分的无机粉体抗菌材料.运用ICP、粒度分布仪和FTIR等手段对材料中抗菌离子含量、粒度以及抗菌离子与载体的结合方式等进行了表征.并利用菌落计数法对材料的抗菌性能进行研究.结果表明,Cu-Ag双组分抗菌白炭黑中,抗菌离子含量高于单组分抗菌白炭黑;其中,Cu2 是通过离子交换方式结合到白炭黑上的,而Ag 是通过离子交换和吸附两种方式结合到白炭黑上;材料的杀菌率达99%以上;粒径＜7μm且均一.     

单体种类对季铵盐羧酸型复鞣固色剂性能的影响

以含有季铵盐和羧基的聚合物为基体,通过水溶液聚合法引入不同单体,考察单体种类对季铵盐羧酸型复鞣固色剂性能的影响。红外光谱(FT-IR)结果表明,不饱和单体成功发生了聚合;X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,与聚合物基体相比,不同单体的引入均降低了复鞣固色剂的结晶度,提高了高分子链的柔软性;将其应用于绵羊皮服装革的复鞣工序,结果表明,在聚合物基体中引入丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(HEA)后,坯革的K/S值达到了16.461,耐干湿擦牢度和物理机械性能良好。     

ZnO纳米材料杂化硅丙乳液的合成与性能研究

研究了合成机械稳定性合格的ZnO纳米材料杂化硅丙液的前提条件和合成方法;制备了各种稳定性合格的具有核—壳型结构的ZnO纳米材料杂化硅丙乳液;利用该纳米杂化乳液制备了耐人工老化达到1700小时的外墙乳胶涂料。     

ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂的分散与性能研究

以XRD、TEM、激光粒度分布对自制ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂进行表征，对其抗菌、抗藻和安全性能进行检测。结果表明：经PAAS分散后，ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂的团聚程度大大降低，分散剂PAAS的加入质量分数对ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂分散效果的影响呈抛物线状，最佳加入质量分数为48％，平均粒径为11．8nm。ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂具有优良的抗菌、抗藻和安全性能，对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为50mg／L，对小球藻菌的最小抑菌浓度为5mg／L，对小鼠的急性经口毒性的LD50为9260mg／kg，对皮肤无刺激性。     

基于复合纳米颗粒的有机-无机杂化膜制备与性能表征

采用共混杂化的方法,利用Al2O3/TiO2复合纳米颗粒对疏水性强、易污染的聚偏氟乙烯膜进行改性,以增强其在水相溶液中的应用能力。通过测定纯水通量、截留率和膜表面接触角分别考察膜的透过、分离性能及亲疏水性能。用扫描电镜观察杂化膜的表面形态及断面结构。用傅立叶红外光谱分析杂化膜的化学结构,用X射线衍射分析杂化膜的结晶状态。膜的抗污染性能由料液通量试验考察。改性前后膜的测试结果表明,纳米颗粒的加入改善了聚偏氟乙烯膜的通量、亲水性能和抗污染性能。     

Shed light on submerged DC arc discharge synthesis of low band gap gray Zn/ZnO nanoparticles: Formation and gradual oxidation mechanism

Synthesis of colloidal metal oxides with controllable size and morphology is burgeoning field of research in nanoscience. Low band gap gray Zn/ZnO colloidal nanoparticles were fabricated by plasma-liquid interaction of DC arc discharge in water. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and UV–vis spectroscopy were employed for morphology, crystal structure and optical characterizations respectively. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to investigate the plasma properties during the synthesis and formation mechanism of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles with different size and shape were fabricated only by adjusting discharge current during synthesis without introducing any chemical agent. Electric discharge current was set to 20, 50, 100 and 150?A during synthesis. Estimated values of plasma excitation energies were 2.41, 2.66, 2.86 and 3.04?eV and diameter size of nanoparticles were 63, 42, 37 and 29?nm for these applied currents respectively. Synthesized nanoparticles were dark gray as prepared and became more transparent gradually getting white color finally. XRD and UV–vis results revealed that the oxidation process was time dependent. The colloidal nanoparticles composed of two metal and metal-oxide phase and white crystalline ZnO was achieved after complete oxidation process. These results provided a flexible and versatile method to synthesize metal oxide nanoparticles with controlled composition.     

Investigations on the fabrication and the characterization of glass/epoxy,carbon/epoxy and hybrid composites used in the reinforcement and the repair of aeronautic structures

This paper reports the fabrication and the characterization of glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy and hybrid laminated composites used in the reinforcement and/or the repair of aeronautic structures. These composites were manufactured by the hand lay-up process. Their physical, thermal and mechanical behaviors are discussed in terms of moisture absorption, thermal stability, tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and abrasive wear resistance. The impact of hygrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of each composite group has been also investigated.The main results indicated that after water immersion, all composites showed significant moisture absorption especially for glass/epoxy composite. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the hybrid composite presented the best thermal stability behavior while the glass/epoxy composite the bad behavior. The mechanical properties of the carbon/epoxy composites, in the bulk material, were considerably higher than those of the glass/epoxy; the hybrid structure presented intermediate mechanical properties. The same trend was also observed in terms of wear properties. Finally, a deleterious effect on the strength of all composites due to hygrothermal exposure was established. However, carbon/epoxy composites seem to be less susceptible to aging damage after 90 days at 90 °C.