发酵动物性食品来源生物活性肽研究进展

动物性食品来源的发酵食品具有独特的口感、风味和天然的益生功能,是生物活性肽的天然宝库,目前,已有大量生物活性肽从中分离鉴定出来,并通过实验验证了生理功能。文章综述了发酵动物性食品来源生物活性肽的分类、提取、分离纯化和结构分析方法,并阐述了各种方法在干腌火腿、奶酪等发酵动物性食品中的应用,以期为进一步挖掘目标生物活性肽提供参考。为了提高科研效率,一些生物信息学网址提供的软件和功能团模型可实现对肽段进行高效的虚拟筛选,结合分子对接和分子动力学模拟等新型生物信息学技术,阐明生物活性肽发挥功能活性的作用机制,文章深入分析生物活性肽肽段序列常用的生物信息学研究工具,并且探讨了发酵动物性食品中生物活性肽的形成机理,旨在为进一步研究发酵动物性食品的加工过程对其生物活性肽的活性和含量的影响提供参考。     

食源性钙螯合肽的研究概况

食源性螯合肽是本身具有螯合矿物质元素活性,并可提高机体对矿物质元素生物利用度的一类肽。具有钙结合活性的肽可有效地运输钙离子通过肠上皮细胞,被机体利用吸收。文章对近年来国内外文献报道的食源性钙螯合肽的制备、分离纯化、结构特征、生物活性和生物利用度进行梳理总结,以期为补钙产品的研发及资源的高效、高值化、可持续开发利用提供参考。     

酶解制备水产动物活性肽研究进展

生物活性肽是一类分子量较低的小分子蛋白,具有特殊的生物活性。以水产动物为原料通过酶解制备的生物活性肽具有抗氧化、降血压、免疫等多种生物学活性。综述活性肽的主要生物学功能、酶水解制备以及离子交换色谱、凝胶色谱和高效液相色谱等分离纯化手段,并展望其研究趋势和市场前景。     

色谱技术在肽分离中的应用

肽具有分子质量低、易于吸收、生物活性高和低免疫原性等优点,被广泛应用于食品、医疗和化妆品等领域。色谱技术在肽的分离中扮演着重要角色,为肽的分离纯化和产量提高发挥了关键作用。该文重点阐述了离子交换色谱、分子排阻色谱和反相高效液相色谱3种常用色谱技术在肽分离中的应用,分别从技术原理及特点、应用实例进行论述,并对未来色谱技术在肽分离中的应用提出了展望。     

火腿中生物活性肽的研究进展

生物活性肽是短氨基酸序列,从母体蛋白中释放后可发挥不同的生理作用,包括抗氧化、抗高血压、抗菌和其他生物活性。火腿在长期发酵过程中由于组织内源性酶和微生物的作用,使蛋白质降解产生许多小分子肽类物质,许多研究表明这些肽类物质具有生物活性。该文对火腿中生物活性肽的产生机制、功能特性、制备方法、分离纯化的研究进展进行综述,为生物活性肽进一步的开发与利用提供参考依据。     

生物活性硒肽制备及功能的研究进展

生物活性硒肽是一类具有多种生物活性、高效且低毒的优质硒补充剂。近年来,随着人们对硒营养学研究地不断深入,硒肽的促健康作用被国内外学者广泛报道。然而,当前硒肽的制备主要依靠传统的酶解法,其分离纯化过程往往费时耗能,不利于硒肽的高效获取,因而也制约着有关硒肽活性的深入研究。因此,本文综述了生物信息技术及计算机辅助工具在活性肽领域的应用和进展,并基于当前硒肽的制备技术和生物学功能作一定展望,以期望为突破传统硒肽制备方法提供新的研究视角。     

牛乳源生物活性肽研究与应用进展

活性肽是食品研究的热门课题,具有良好发展前景。牛乳蛋白除了向人体提供营养物质外,还可产生多种对人体具有积极作用的活性肽。牛乳源生物活性肽的分离鉴定及其构效关系的研究对于其研究与应用十分有必要。本文综述了牛乳源生物活性基础研究及应用进展,为今后的研究应用提供参考。     

基于生物信息学技术的生物活性肽研究进展

传统的生物活性肽分离、纯化过程耗时费力,且鉴定难度较大,同时缺乏快速准确的活性评价方法,如何快速高效的提取制备活性肽仍是目前生物活性肽研究的重点。近年来发展迅速的生物信息学技术可为生物大数据分析提供方法和工具,正逐渐应用于生物活性肽的功能研究。本文首先总结了传统生物活性肽的分离、纯化及活性研究方法中的难点,然后重点阐述了生物信息学技术在模拟酶解、酶解产物的功能预测及与前体蛋白的选择,活性肽的识别和预测以及构效关系等方面的应用,以期为生物信息学在活性肽研究中的广泛应用提供参考。     

食源性生物活性肽免疫调节功能研究进展

食源性生物活性肽是一种以食源性蛋白为原料,经过水解及分离纯化后得到的具有特殊生物活性的蛋白水解物,其氨基酸残基数目不等且相对分子质量一般较小。食源性免疫活性肽为一类具有抗菌、抗炎以及调节免疫系统功能的生物活性肽,其来源广、活性高,极具研究意义。文章综述了近年来食源性免疫活性肽的研究现状及其对免疫系统的影响,介绍了食源性免疫活性肽的制备方法,并从免疫活性肽功能多样性、构效关系与制备关键技术三方面对食源性免疫活性肽的研究趋势进行了展望。     

鹿源生物活性肽的研究进展

生物活性肽在食品和医药领域的广泛应用为鹿产品的深加工提供了新思路、新挑战,如何从鹿茸及鹿副产品中提取分离纯化出具有生物活性的鹿源活性肽并转化为具有高附加值的产品已成为当前亟须解决的问题。该文综述了鹿源生物活性肽的制备分离、纯化及鉴定等研究方法,阐述了鹿源生物活性肽的抗氧化、增强免疫调节、抗炎、抗菌、抗癌、降低高血压、治疗骨质疏松等多种功能活性的研究进展,最后对目前鹿源生物活性肽研究中发现的问题进行总结并提出展望,旨在为鹿源生物活性肽的功能活性研究和产品开发提供参考。     

Suitability of stationary phase for LC analysis of biomolecules

Abstract

Biologically active compounds such as carotenoids/isoprenoids, vitamins, steroids, saponins, sugars, long chain fatty acids, and amino acids play a very important role in coordinating functions in living organisms. Determination of those substances is indispensable in advanced biological sciences. Engineered stationary phase in LC for the analysis of biomolecules has become easier with the development of chromatographic science. In general, C₁₈ column is being used for routine analysis but specific columns are being used for specific molecule. Monolithic columns are found to have higher efficiency than normal column. Among recent introduction, triacontyl stationary phases, designed for the separation of carotenoid isomers, are widely used for the estimation of carotenoids. In comparison to conventional C₁₈ phases, C₃₀ phases exhibited superior shape selectivity for the separation of isomers of carotenoids. It is also found useful for better elution and analysis of tocopherols, vitamin K, sterols, and fatty acids. Vitamin K, E, and their isomers are also successfully resoluted and analyzed by using C₃₀ column. Amino bonded phase column is specifically used for better elution of sugars, whereas phenyl columns are suitable for the separation and analysis of curcuminoids and taxol. Like triacontyl stationary phase, pentafluorophenyl columns are also used for the separation and analysis of carotenoids. Similarly, HILIC column are best suited for sugar analysis. All the stationary phases are made possible to resolute and analyze the target biomolecules better, which are the future of liquid chromatography. The present article focuses on the differential interaction between stationary phase and target biomolecules. The applicability of these stationary phases are reported in different matrices.     

海洋生物活性肽的制备、分离纯化及构效关系研究进展

海洋生物活性肽是一类结构多样且具有多种功能和活性的肽类,其制备、分离纯化和生物活性受到了广泛关注。已有不少相关研究证明海洋生物活性肽是一类很具开发潜力的新型药物来源。然而,整合海洋生物活性肽制备技术和生物应用的研究还较缺乏,为此本文综述了近年来海洋生物活性肽制备、分离纯化的方法,并阐述了其原理、优缺点、适用对象和未来发展趋势,介绍了海洋生物活性肽的抗氧化、抗糖尿病、降血压、抗菌、抗癌等功能活性,并深入探讨了其构效关系和未来发展方向,以便为开发新型海洋药物提供有力理论依据。     

肉源性活性肽及其计算机分析技术研究进展

肉及其副产物中含有多种蛋白质,这些蛋白质经过酶解、微生物发酵或胃肠道消化后,产生多种有益于人体的活性肽,如降血压肽（血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽）、抗氧化肽、抗菌肽和二肽基肽酶抑制肽等。肽的生物活性逐渐被人们重视,但其提取和筛选仍然受到分离鉴定技术的限制。计算机分析技术能够很好地评估及分离鉴定蛋白质作为活性肽前体蛋白的能力,模拟酶及化学作用对蛋白质的水解,预测肽序列的活性及其化学性质。本文对肉源性活性肽进行综述,并介绍计算机分析技术在分离鉴定活性肽中的应用。     

Bioactive peptides: Production and functionality

Milk proteins exert a wide range of nutritional, functional and biological activities. Many milk proteins possess specific biological properties that make these components potential ingredients of health-promoting foods. Increasing attention is being focused on physiologically active peptides derived from milk proteins. These peptides are inactive within the sequence of the parent protein molecule and can be liberated by (1) gastrointestinal digestion of milk, (2) fermentation of milk with proteolytic starter cultures or (3) hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes. Milk protein derived peptides have been shown in vivo to exert various activities affecting, e.g., the digestive, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems. Studies have identified a great number of peptide sequences with specific bioactivities in the major milk proteins and also the conditions for their release have been determined. Industrial-scale technologies suitable for the commercial production of bioactive milk peptides have been developed and launched recently. These technologies are based on novel membrane separation and ion exchange chromatographic methods being employed by the emerging dairy ingredient industry. A variety of naturally formed bioactive peptides have been found in fermented dairy products, such as yoghurt, sour milk and cheese. The health benefits attributed to peptides in these traditional products have, so far, not been established, however. On the other hand, there are already a few commercial dairy products supplemented with milk protein-derived bioactive peptides whose health benefits have been documented in clinical human studies. It is envisaged that this trend will expand as more knowledge is gained about the multifunctional properties and physiological functions of milk peptides.     

生物活性肽的制备、分离纯化、鉴定以及构效关系研究进展

生物活性肽来源广泛,易消化利用,安全性高,且因具有降胆固醇、降血压、抗菌、抗氧化等众多生物活性而成为食品领域研究的热点。然而生物活性肽在食品中的应用受其结构和功能的影响显著,其结构与功能又与生物活性肽的制备、分离纯化、结构鉴定密不可分。本文分别介绍了生物活性肽的制备方法、分离纯化方法、结构鉴定方法,并阐述了各种方法的原理、优缺点以及适用对象,分析了生物活性肽的构效关系和未来发展方向,以期为筛选安全有效的多肽提供新的研究思路,并为多肽的应用提供理论依据。     

Bioactive peptides from nuts: A review

Oxidative stress occurs because of an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species. Nuts are rich in bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, tannins, and phytosterols. Although nuts are widely consumed because of their beneficial effects on nutrition and health, there is limited information about bioactive peptides from nuts. Pine nut and walnut-derived peptides are the most studied because these nuts contain a higher amount of protein. Different biological activities have been demonstrated for nut peptides; many of them exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antiseizure, or neuroprotective activity. Recent studies have focused on increasing the bioactivity of identified bioactive peptides by applying new technologies and chemosynthetic strategies. Research tendency points to the generation of peptides with specific sequences for application in specific diseases. Nut bioactive peptides can become key functional ingredients for food, pharmaceuticals, or cosmetics.     

HPLC-MS/MS在活性多肽检测中的应用

多肽具有调节机体生理功能和为机体提供营养的双重功效，生物活性肽的分离和检测日益受到各国的关注。综述了近年来HPLC-MS／MS在某些活性多肽（化学合成多肽、阿片样肽、抗菌肽、磷酸肽）检测中的应用概况。     

A New Frontier in Soy Bioactive Peptides that May Prevent Age‐related Chronic Diseases

During gastrointestinal digestion or food processing of proteins, small peptides can be released and may act as regulatory compounds with hormone‐like activities. Numerous biologically active peptides (bioactive peptides) have been identified. Most bioactive peptides are derived from milk and dairy products, with the most common being angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Soybean protein and soybean derived peptides also play an important role in soybean physiological activities, particularly those related to the prevention of chronic diseases. However, the bioactive potential of soybean derived bioactive peptides is yet to be fully appreciated. After a general introduction of approaches and advances in bioactive peptides from food sources, this review focuses on bioactive peptides derived from soybean proteins and their physiological properties. Technological approaches to generate bioactive peptides, their isolation, purification, characterization, and quantification, and further application in food and drug design are also presented. Safety concerns, such as potential toxicity, allergenicity, and sensory aspect of these peptides are likewise discussed.     

植物蛋白源生物活性肽的研究进展

随着分离、纯化等技术的飞速发展,越来越多的具有特定生物活性和药用价值的肽类化合物从天然植物中分离得到。本文综述了生物活性肽的制备方法、生理功能及国内外植物蛋白源生物活性肽的研究现状,以期为更深入研究和开发植物蛋白源生物活性肽提供参考依据。