描述不锈钢材料单轴棘轮行为的一元参量体系

基于304不锈钢和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢单轴常温与高温应力循环棘轮实验，提出了棘轮应力棘轮门槛值的概念，发展了一套基于棘轮应力一元参量的，描述高温棘轮循环饱和材料的单轴棘轮本构行为和常温演化行为的方法体系，新体系降低了传统二元应力控制棘轮变形认识带来的难度，由于新体系方程结构简洁，建模方法简便，描述实验结果精度高，故适合工程应用。     

45碳钢低周疲劳与应力循环棘轮失效的实验研究

对调质处理的45碳素结构钢进行了应变循环低周疲劳实验以及应力控制棘轮失效实验．对于前者进行了带平均应变和不带平均应变的实验，以研究平均应变对低周疲劳特性的影响；对于后者研究了平均应力和应力幅值对棘轮失效的影响．应变循环实验表明：平均应变对循环饱和行为以及低周疲劳循环失效圈数并没有明显的影响，但对材料的循环初期循环塑性行为有影响．棘轮失效实验结果表明：当应力幅值较大而平均应力较小时，材料的棘轮失效主要归于较大塑性应变幅值引起的低周疲劳破坏；当平均应力较大而应力幅值相对较小时，材料的棘轮失效主要归于较大的棘轮应变引起的材料韧性破坏，其失效准则可以用最大单调极限应变来表征．     

6061-T6铝合金单轴时间相关循环变形行为

对6061-T6铝合金进行系统的单轴应变循环和应力循环实验，揭示该材料在室温和高温下的循环变形行为，讨论环境温度、加载速率、峰，谷值保持对其应变循环特性及棘轮行为的影响。结果表明，6061-T6铝合金表现出弱的循环软化特性，其棘轮行为不仅依赖于平均应力和应力幅值的大小，还依赖于加载历史。尽管该合金的单拉行为对应变率的变化不敏感，但其循环变形行为却体现出明显的时间相关特性，即；应变循环下，在峰／谷值有保持时的响应应力幅值明显小于没有保持时的值，且随着保持时间的增加，响应应力幅值将进一步减小；应力循环下，在峰值有保持时产生的棘轮应变比没有保持时的值大，且随着峰值保持时间的增加及应力率的降低，棘轮应变明显增大。     

304不锈钢棘轮变形过程中应变诱发马氏体相变行为研究

利用OM, SEM和XRD对单轴非对称应力循环下304不锈钢棘轮变形过程中的微观组织变化进行了实验观察. 结果表明: 304不锈钢棘轮变形过程中,当棘轮应变达到一定值后会 产生应变诱发马氏体相变, 形成板条状 马氏体,并且随循环周次的增加, 形成的应变诱发 马氏体相对量逐渐增加.因马氏体相变而诱发的塑性变形对总的棘轮变形量产生一定的影响,材料的棘轮应变应由两部分组成, 即应力引起的塑性应变和相变诱发的塑性应变.     

室温下20钢高周次单轴棘轮行为的实验研究

通过对20钢的单轴应变控制循环和应力控制循环实验研究, 揭示了20钢在室温下的循环变形特性, 讨论了材料的循环软/硬化特性和材料的屈服平台以及平均应力、应力幅值和应力比对材料高周次棘轮行为的影响. 研究表明: 20钢表现出弱的、与应变幅值相关的循环硬化特性; 其棘轮行为依赖于平均应力、应力幅值和应力比的大小, 在高应力水平时的高周次循环后期, 棘轮变形会出现<再次增长的现象; 材料的屈服平台对棘轮行为有明显的影响, 在对20钢的棘轮行为进行本构描述时需要加以合理考虑.     

TA5钛合金焊接接头的低周疲劳性能

分析了TA5钛合金不同余高焊接接头的低周疲劳性能。结果表明，当TA5钛合金焊接接头工作在应变值小于0．35％时，焊接接头的低周疲劳寿命随焊接接头余高的增加而降低，当应变值高于0．35％时规律不明显。在较高应力应变条件下，呈循环软化特性，在低应力应变条件下的循环硬化特性不明显。同时，给出了焊接接头的循环应力应变曲线的表达式。以及焊接接头光滑试样的低周疲劳寿命表达式。     

SiCp/6061Al合金复合材料的单轴循环变形行为及其时间相关特性

对T6热处理后的6061Al合金与SiCp／6061Al合金复合材料（14％,21％SiCp）的室温单轴循环变形行为进行了实验研觅讨论了基体合金和其复合材料在不同加载条件下的循环软／硬化行为和棘轮变形特征．实验研究表明：复合材料在宏观层次上体现出与基体相类似的应变循环特性和棘轮变形规律,即复合材料在非对称应力循环下也将产生一定的棘轮变形,并随应力幅值和平均应力的增加而增加;颗粒的引入使复合材料抵抗棘轮变形的能力增强,棘轮变形随颗粒含量升高而下降;复合材料的棘轮行为具有明显的时间相关特性,棘轮应变值依赖于应力率和峰值保持时间．研究得到了一些有助于复合材料循环变形行为本构描述的结论．     

304不锈钢的高温单轴应变循环与棘轮行为

对３０４不锈钢分别进行了高温单轴奕变控制和应力控制下的系统循环试验,揭示和分析了循环应变幅值,应变幅值历史以及温度历史对循环特性的影响以及应力幅值,平均应力及其历史对循环蠕变（棘轮效应）的影响,研究表明,无论单轴应变循环特性还是非对称单侧应力下的棘轮效应不但依赖于当前温度和加载状态,而且依赖于其加载历史,得到３０４不锈钢高温单轴循环行为的一些有意义的结果。     

CuCrZr铜合金高温阶梯疲劳与循环塑性行为研究

对CuCrZr铜合金在300和400℃开展了阶梯疲劳试验研究,从循环应变幅、平均应变、平均应变率和能量耗散率等方面研究其循环塑性行为。研究发现,CuCrZr铜合金的循环软硬化特征以及棘轮效应受到温度与循环应力的共同作用,温度越高,越易发生循环软化现象,同时棘轮效应也更加显著。基于对CuCrZr铜合金高温拉伸断裂能与高温阶梯疲劳总耗散能的对比发现,两者均与温度相关,因此将高温拉伸断裂能作为温度补偿参数,提出了一种基于能量法的线性损伤疲劳寿命预测模型,对CuCrZr铜合金高温阶梯疲劳寿命进行预测。最后,基于断口观察分析了CuCrZr铜合金与温度相关的失效机制：在较低的温度下容易发生疲劳裂纹失效,而随着温度的升高,更易发生棘轮应变累积的韧性失效。     

单轴载荷下6063锻造铝合金的疲劳特性研究

研究了6063锻造铝合金单轴拉压载荷下的疲劳特性。结果表明,该材料的单轴疲劳特性对应力幅值有较大的依赖性。在应力幅值低于165MPa时,材料以弹性变形为主,当应力幅值达到198MPa时,塑性变形明显,同时,材料出现明显的循环硬化特征。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

正~~     

Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.