苯磺隆干悬浮剂技术浅析

通过对苯磺隆干悬浮剂项目的研究,进一步了解干悬浮剂的加工工艺和配方中各种助剂的相互作用;剖析助剂对主要技术指标的影响。     

桶混助剂对25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂防治黄瓜靶斑病的调控作用

为了明确桶混助剂对吡唑醚菌酯防治黄瓜靶斑病的调控作用,本研究结合助剂的结构特点,探究了SP-4806、SY-A、SY-B、SY-C等4种桶混助剂对25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对靶沉积界面性能、黄瓜体内吸收传导性能以及对黄瓜靶斑病防效的影响。试验结果表明,4种助剂均能降低表面张力、接触角,增强润湿渗透性能,促进25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂在黄瓜体内向上传导作用,且助剂SP-4806对25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂在黄瓜体内向下传导具有显著促进作用。4种桶混助剂均不同程度促进25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜靶斑病的防效,其中添加助剂SP-4806处理的防效较25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂显著提高,药后9 d防效分别为76.76%。本研究结果可为桶混助剂对25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂应用于防治黄瓜靶斑病提供参考。     

高分子助剂在25％硝磺草酮·莠去津悬浮剂中的增效研究

研究一种含高分子助剂的25％硝磺草酮·莠去津悬浮剂的理化性质、表征及室内药效.在传统水悬浮剂中加入功能高分子助剂,将部分水用油酸甲酯替代,制备得到含高分子助剂的25％硝磺草酮·莠去津悬浮剂.按照农药悬浮剂产品标准对其理化性质进行测定;同时对其动静态表面张力、接触角等理化性质进行表征;测试其对玉米田杂草马唐、龙葵、鳢肠的...     

50%丁莠悬浮剂的制备

以50％丁莠悬浮剂为例。介绍了用莠去津原粉直接研磨的方式制备悬浮剂时。助剂的选择和制备方法，研究了助剂对贮存稳定性的影响和研磨速率及研磨时间对莠去津粒度、悬浮刺贮存稳定性的影响。该方法制备的悬浮剂成本低、质量稳定、使用安全。     

50%吡蚜酮干悬浮剂高效液相色谱法分析

[目的]建立一种50%吡蚜酮干悬浮剂的分析方法。[方法]采用高效液相色谱分析法,使用紫外检测器和ODS色谱柱,以乙腈和磷酸二氢钾水溶液(体积比10∶90)为流动相等度洗脱,分离50%吡蚜酮干悬浮剂中的杂质、助剂,并测定吡蚜酮的含量。[结果]采用该分析方法吡蚜酮精密度的RSD为1.5%,线性相关系数为0.9999,平均回收率为99.7%。[结论]该方法专属性强,精密度及准确度好,可以满足50%吡蚜酮干悬浮剂质量分数的定量分析。     

桶混助剂对30%螺虫乙酯·噻虫胺悬浮剂防治桃树桑白蚧的增效作用

[目的]探索桶混助剂对30%螺虫乙酯·噻虫胺悬浮剂的增效作用。[方法]以桃叶为靶标，测定SP-017助剂、Silwet 806、罗普瑞助剂对30%螺虫乙酯·噻虫胺悬浮剂表面张力、接触角、持留量等指标的影响，并进行桃树桑白蚧药效试验。[结果]30%螺虫乙酯·噻虫胺悬浮剂桶混罗普瑞助剂后，表面张力与接触角均减小，持留量增加。罗普瑞助剂以667～1000 mg/L(制剂用量)桶混使用时，对桃树桑白蚧的防效显著提升。[结论]罗普瑞助剂可显著增强30%螺虫乙酯·噻虫胺悬浮剂的防效。     

几种聚羧酸盐分散剂在25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂中的应用

通过对分散剂等助剂的筛选,确定了25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂的最佳配方,产品质量稳定,热贮(54℃±2℃)14d分解率小于5%,各项指标均达到悬浮剂标准。将国产的四种聚羧酸盐分散剂分别与进口助剂的性能进行了比较。研究结果表明,国产LG-3、GY-D1252和GY-D1256的分散性能良好,与进口助剂T36应用效果相当,制成的悬浮剂各项指标均达到标准,而国产RELAX-01助剂分散性能不理想。     

菊酯农药水悬浮剂的研究

对10%溴氰菊酯水悬浮剂的小试配方进行研究,通过对多种润湿分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂等助剂的筛选,确定了最佳助剂组合,研制出性能稳定、质量可靠的悬浮剂产品。简单叙述了产品的生产工艺路线、技术指标及发展前景。     

农药微囊悬浮剂研究进展

该综述讨论了农药微囊悬浮剂的定义与基本特点。总结了农药微囊悬浮剂中微胶囊制备时较为常用的制备方法、所用的壁材以及近年来公开的关于农药微囊悬浮剂制备的专利中常用的助剂种类。综述了农药微囊悬浮剂制备中存在的问题和近五年来我国农药悬浮剂的登记情况。并对我国农药悬浮剂要想在未来取得长足的发展需开发出性能优良的助剂这一现状作做出展望。     

15%精喹禾灵水悬浮剂的研制

精喹禾灵是一种高效广谱的选择性除草剂,对多种杂草均有很好的防治效果。笔者对15%精喹禾灵水悬浮剂的配方进行研究,通过对多种润湿分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂等助剂的筛选,优化了助剂组合,研制出性能稳定、质量可靠的悬浮剂产品。     

2010～2011年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2010年7月～2011年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2010～2011年世界塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、ABS树脂),工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚),特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮),通用热固性树脂(酚醛、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Mechanisms Governing Anaphylaxis: Inflammatory Cells,Mediators, Endothelial Gap Junctions and Beyond

Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, life-threatening multisystem allergic reaction resulting from the release of a plethora of mediators from mast cells culminating in serious respiratory, cardiovascular and mucocutaneous manifestations that can be fatal. Medications, foods, latex, exercise, hormones (progesterone), and clonal mast cell disorders may be responsible. More recently, novel syndromes such as delayed reactions to red meat and hereditary alpha tryptasemia have been described. Anaphylaxis manifests as sudden onset urticaria, pruritus, flushing, erythema, angioedema (lips, tongue, airways, periphery), myocardial dysfunction (hypovolemia, distributive or mixed shock and arrhythmias), rhinitis, wheezing and stridor. Vomiting, diarrhea, scrotal edema, uterine cramps, vaginal bleeding, urinary incontinence, dizziness, seizures, confusion, and syncope may occur. The traditional (or classical) pathway is mediated via T cells, Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4 and 5), B cell production of IgE and subsequent crosslinking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils by IgE-antigen complexes, culminating in mast cell and basophil degranulation. Degranulation results in the release of preformed mediators (histamine, heparin, tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and of de novo synthesized ones such as lipid mediators (cysteinyl leukotrienes), platelet activating factor (PAF), cytokines and growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Of these, histamine, tryptase, cathepsin G, TNF-α, LTC₄, PAF and VEGF can increase vascular permeability. Recent data suggest that mast cell-derived histamine and PAF can activate nitric oxide production from endothelium and set into motion a signaling cascade that leads to dilatation of blood vessels and dysfunction of the endothelial barrier. The latter, characterized by the opening of adherens junctions, leads to increased capillary permeability and fluid extravasation. These changes contribute to airway edema, hypovolemia, and distributive shock, with potentially fatal consequences. In this review, besides mechanisms (endotypes) underlying IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, we also provide a brief overview of IgG-, complement-, contact system-, cytokine- and mast cell-mediated reactions that can result in phenotypes resembling IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Such classifications can lead the way to precision medicine approaches to the management of this complex disease.     

Fireclay Refractory Bricks for Hot Blast Stove

This standard specifies the classification, shape, dimension, technical requirements, test method, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certification of fireclay refractory bricks for hot blast stove.     

Hydrocarbon components of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly sex pheromone

The primary sex pheromone of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), was found to include a series of straight-chain hydrocarbon dienes, all with the double bonds in the 9 and 19 positions and all with the (Z, Z) configuration. The major components, of 29, 31, 33, 35, and 37 carbon atoms, were synthesized. In the field and the greenhouse, the synthetic dienes were far above control levels in activity but, at least during the first hours of bioassay, were somewhat less active than the female-derived materials on a weight basis. In the field, a mixture of all five synthetic dienes, in the proportions found in the females, was more attractive than any single one, on a mole basis. In addition, (Z, Z)-9,19 dienes of 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 39 carbons have been detected in females in minor amounts. The first five were bioassayed, and each was found to be similar in activity to the 35-carbon component when compared on a weight basis. The synthetic dienes, while active by themselves, were strongly synergized by two, more polar, Florisil fractions derived from females. Experimental design considerations are discussed.     

中低温煤焦油蒸馏过程中金属元素的迁移规律

以中低温煤焦油轻油和重油为实验原料,采用常压蒸馏获得170~200℃、200~240℃、240~270℃、270~300℃、300~320℃、320~340℃、340~360℃和360~390℃煤焦油馏分油;利用配有油品加氧制冷进样系统的ICP-OES测定了21种微量元素在馏分油中的含量,考察了不同馏分油中元素的分布情况。研究表明：在原煤焦油中,未发现Ag、Mg、Mo、Na、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr及Ti元素,含量较高的元素有Sn、P、Al、Pb、Si,其中Sn元素在轻油和重油中的含量分别为11.78μg/g和14.04μg/g;在所有馏分油中,未发现Al、Mo、Fe、Mn、Cr及Ti元素,含量比较高的元素有Si、Sn、Na、Zn、Pb,特别是Si、Na、Sn、Zn、Ni、Pb及B元素可以有效富集于馏分油中。可能的原因是Ca、Fe、Mg、Al等金属以不同的盐类形态存在,在煤焦油脱水及<170℃蒸馏过程中,这些金属盐类会被部分带出,导致其在馏分油中的含量未富集或未检出;通过关联金属元素在馏分油中的分布与其组成的关系,馏分油中元素的分布可能与酚类化合物、杂环化合物和蒸馏温度等相关。酚类化合物及杂环化合物可能与Ag、B、Cu、Mo、Sn、Na、Zn、Ca、Pb等金属形成络合物或卟啉配合物,蒸馏温度一方面可以破坏Sn、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ca、Pb等元素在馏分油中的结合力,另一方面也可以促进这些元素与馏分油中的含氧、含氮等化合物更好地发生化合反应,进而影响金属元素在馏分油中的含量分布。     

陶瓷名物探源二则

匋、陶、窑(窯)上古皆读成舌头音,意义又相通,实际为一个意义上先后产生的几个形体不同的字,先民以陶(匋)既称呼窑灶,又指窑灶出品之物,又指制作陶器;坏(坯)、瓶、瓬、瓿、甂、缶、钵、皿、杯(盃)、盆(瓫)均指窑灶所出之物或后世模仿窑灶出品之物,其字皆由重唇音演变而来,亦为同胞兄弟的同源词。     

铋系半导体光催化剂研究进展

铋系半导体材料具有特殊的层状结构以及合适的带隙,具有良好的可见光响应能力以及稳定的光化学特性,作为一类新型的环境友好型光催化剂在环境修复与解决能源危机等领域受到广泛关注,已成为近年来的研究热点。然而,铋系半导体光催化剂距离实际大规模应用仍存在一些亟需解决的问题,如光生载流子复合率高、对可见光谱的响应范围有限、光催化活性较差、还原能力较弱等。本文首先介绍了铋系半导体材料的典型特征、制备方法与反应机理,在此基础上着重阐述了铋系半导体光催化在形貌调控、构建异质结、离子掺杂、碳质材料掺杂、贵金属沉积、染料敏化等改性手段的研究进展以及在降解水体污染物、杀菌消毒、空气净化、制氢、还原CO2、有机合成等领域的应用成果。最后对铋系半导体光催化剂的未来前景做出展望,指出其未来的研究方向应致力于从多手段耦合改性、拓展其应用领域以及深入探究反应机理等方面开展。     

抗菌防腐剂（Ⅰ）—抗菌防腐剂的历史、定义与分类

简要回顾了抗菌防腐剂的发展历程,进一步明确了杀菌剂,抑菌剂,抗菌剂,防腐剂,防霉剂,消毒剂,杀生剂,保鲜剂,抗生素的概念。同时,结合抗菌防腐剂的发展在对抗菌防腐剂按无机物,有机物和天然物分类的基础上,进一步又按化学结构和官能团将抗菌剂分为有机金属,有机卤代物,醇,酚,醚,醛,酮,醌,酸,酯,含氮类,含硫类,有机磷,有机砷类以及杂环类等。     

典型过程强化技术在纳米材料制备中的应用进展

纳米材料被誉为21世纪的新材料,广泛应用于化工、电子、国防、陶瓷等领域.传统的纳米材料制备方法面临粒径控制较困难、批次间重复性差,存在放大效应等不足.过程强化技术是化学工程学科的研究前沿和热点方向之一,旨在通过在生产过程中采用新工艺、新设备等手段,实现缩减操作单元、减小设备体积、提高生产能力及能量利用效率的目的,是实现...     

Low-molecular weight organic compositions of acid waters from vegetable oil soapstocks

Alkaline extracts (soapstocks) from canola, corn, cottonseed, peanut, soybean, and sunflower oil refining were acidified, and identities and concentrations of the low-molecular weight organic components of the resulting acid waters were determined by gas chromatography, followed by mass spectroscopy, and by high-performance liquid chromatography. The main components of each acid water sample, in order of decreasing concentration and after omitting the fermentation product lactic acid, were phosphoric acid, α-glycerophosphate, and glycerol from canola;myo-inositol, phosphoric acid, α-glycerophosphate andmyo-inositol-1-phosphate from corn; glycerol, α-glycerophosphate,myo-inositol-1-phosphate, and β-glycerophosphate from cottonseed; phosphoric acid, glycerol, andmyo-inositol from peanut; α-glycerophospho-1-myo-inositol,myo-inositol-1-phosphate, α-glycerophosphate, and glycerol from soybean; and α-glycerophosphate, glycerol,myo-inositol-1-phosphate, and β-glycerophosphate from sunflower.