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1.
Selective distribution of saturated fatty acids into the monoglyceride fraction during enzymatic glycerolysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gerald P. McNeill Dieter Borowitz Ralf G. Berger 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(11):1098-1103
Four triglyceride fats and oils (beef tallow, lard, rapeseed oil and soybean oil) were reacted with glycerol while using lipase
as the catalyst. For all fats examined, at reaction temperatures above the critical temperature (Tc), the fatty acid compositions of the monoglyceride (MG) and diglyceride (DG) fractions and of the original fat were similar.
A relatively low yield of MG was obtained (20–30 wt%). When the reaction was carried out with beef tallow or lard at a temperature
below the Tc (40°C), the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the MG fraction was 2 to 4 times greater than that in the DG fraction.
Correspondingly, the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in the DG fraction was more than two times greater than that
in the MG fraction. At 5°C, a similar trend was observed for rapeseed oil and soybean oil. Direct analysis of partial glycerides
during glycerolysis by high-temperature gas-liquid chromatography showed that below Tc the content of C16 MG increased relatively more than C18 MG. C36 DG and C54 TG were apparently resistant to glycerolysis.
Preferential distribution of saturated fatty acids into the MG fraction was accompanied by a high yield of monoglyceride (45–70
wt%) and solidification of the reaction mixture. It is concluded that during glycerolysis below Tc, preferential crystallization occurs for MGs that contain a saturated fatty acid. 相似文献
2.
Solid phase enzymatic glycerolysis of beef tallow resulting in a high yield of monoglyceride 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Gerald P. McNeill Shoichi Shimizu Tsuneo Yamane 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1990,67(11):779-783
A mixture of mono-, di- and triglycerides was obtained when beef tallow was reacted with glycerol using lipase enzyme as a
catalyst. The reaction was carried out batchwise in a small vessel with agitation by magnetic stirring. The yield of monoglyceride
(MG) was greatly influenced by the reaction temperature—at higher temperatures (48–50°C) a yield of approximately 30% MG was
obtained, while at lower temperatures (38–46°C) a yield of approximately 70% MG was obtained. A sharp transition was observed
between the high and low yield equilibrium states. The temperature at which this transition occurred is called the critical
temperature (Tc) and was found to be 46°C in the case of tallow. During the course of the reaction, when approximately 40% MG had been synthesized,
the reaction mixture became solid but the reaction continued until approximately 70% MG had been synthesized.
A yield of 70% MG also was obtained with tallow at 42°C when a glycerol/tallow mole ratio ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 was used.
The free fatty acid content at equilibrium depended on the water concentration in the glycerol phase and varied from 0.5%
to 11.0% when the water content ranged from 0.6% to 12.5%. Above 8% water content, the yield of MG was reduced. Of the commercially
available lipases that were investigated, lipase fromPseudomonas fluorescens orChromobacterium viscosum resulted in the highest yield of MG. 相似文献
3.
Further improvements in the yield of monoglycerides during enzymatic glycerolysis of fats and oils 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Three approaches were used in an effort to increase the yield of monoglycerides (MG) during the lipase catalyzed reaction
of glycerol with triglyceride fats and oils: i) various commercially available lipases were screened for ability to catalyze
MG synthesis; ii) mixtures of lipases were compared with single lipases; and iii) two-step temperature programming was applied
during the reaction. Of these, temperature programming was found to be the most effective. With an initial temperature of
42°C for 8–16 hr followed by incubation at 5°C for up to 4 days, a yield of approximately 90 wt% MG was obtained from beef
tallow, palm oil and palm stearin. When the second incubation temperature was greater than 5°C, the yield of MG was progressively
lower with increasing temperature. In the case of screening of newly available commercial lipase preparations, lipases fromPseudomonas sp. were found to be most effective, giving a yield of approximately 70 wt% MG at 42°C from tallow. Lipases fromGeotrichum candidum, Penicillium camembertii (lipase G) andCandida rugosa were inactive. A mixture of lipases fromPenicillium camembertii andHumicola lanuginosa was found to be more effective than either enzyme alone, giving a yield of approximately 70 wt% MG using beef tallow or palm
oil. A mixture ofPenicillium camembertii lipase with eitherPseudomonas fluorescens lipase orMucor miehei lipase was not more effective thanPseudomonas fluorescens orMucor miehei lipase alone. 相似文献
4.
Sirirung Wongsakul Poonsuk Prasertsan Uwe T. Bornscheuer Aran H‐Kittikun 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2003,105(2):68-73
Commercial immobilized lipases were used for the synthesis of 2‐monoglycerides (2‐MG) by alcoholysis of palm and tuna oils with ethanol in organic solvents. Several parameters were studied, i.e., the type of immobilized lipases, water activity, type of solvents and temperatures. The optimum conditions for alcoholysis of tuna oil were at a water activity of 0.43 and a temperature of 60 °C in methyl‐tert‐butyl ether for ~12 h. Although immobilized lipase preparations from Pseudomonas sp. and Candida antarctica fraction B are not 1, 3‐regiospecific enzymes, they were considered to be more suitable for the production of 2‐MG by the alcoholysis of tuna oil than the 1, 3‐regiospecific lipases (Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei and lipase D from Rhizopus delemar). With Pseudomonas sp. lipase a yield of up to 81% 2‐MG containing 80% PUFA (poly‐unsaturated fatty acids) from tuna oil was achieved. The optimum conditions for alcoholysis of palm oil were similar as these of tuna oil alcoholysis. However, lipase D immobilized on Accurel EP100 was used as catalyst at 40 °C with shorter reaction times (<12 h). This lead to a yield of ~60% 2‐MG containing 55.0‐55.7% oleic acid and 18.7‐21.0% linoleic acid. 相似文献
5.
High-yield enzymatic glycerolysis of fats and oils 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Gerald P. McNeill Shoichi Shimizu Tsuneo Yamane 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1991,68(1):1-5
Several triglyceride fats and oils were reacted with glycerol using lipase as catalyst. A batch system with magnetic stirring
was used without the addition of any solvents or emulsifiers. In all cases a mixture of mono-, di- and triglycerides was obtained.
However, the yield of monglyceride (MG) depended strongly on the reaction temperature: at higher temperatures approximately
30% MG was produced at equilibrium while at lower temperatures a yield of 65%–90% MG was obtained for most of the fats examined.
The upper temperature limit below which a high MG yield could be attained was designated the critical temperature (Tc). The value of Tc depended on the fat type and was found to vary between 30°C and 46°C for naturally occurring hard fats. A high MG yield could
not be obtained for fully hydrogenated tallow and lard under the conditions described here. Of the three liquid oils examined,
rapeseed oil and olive oil had a Tc of 5°C and 10°C respectively whereas a high yield of MG could not be obtained with corn oil at 5°C or greater. The maximum
yield of MG below Tc also depended on the fat type: the highest yields being obtained for olive oil (90%), palm stearin and milk fat (80%) and
the lowest yield for palm oil (67%). In all cases a high yield of MG was accompanied by solidification of the reaction mixture.
The effect of enzyme type on MG production was examined for palm oil and palm stearin and the effect of water concentration
was examined for palm oil. 相似文献
6.
Yuji Shimada Akio Sugihara Hirofumi Nakano Tomomi Yokota Toshihiro Nagao Sadao Komemushi Yoshio Tominaga 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(11):1415-1420
An attempt was made to produce structured lipids containing essential fatty acid by acidolysis with 1,3-positional specificRhizopus delemar lipase. The lipase was immobilized on a ceramic carrier by coprecipitation with acetone and then was activated by shaking
for 2 d at 30°C in a mixture of 5 g safflower or linseed oil, 10 g caprylic acid, 0.3 g water and 0.6 g of the immobilized
enzyme. The activated enzyme was transferred into the same amount of oil/caprylic acid mixture without water, and the mixture
was shaken under the same conditions as for the activation. By this reaction, 45–50 mol% of the fatty acids in oils were exchanged
for caprylic acid, and the immobilized enzyme could be reused 45 and 55 times for safflower and linseed oils, respectively,
without any significant loss of activity. The triglycerides were extracted withn-hexane after the acidolysis and then were allowed to react again with caprylic acid under the same conditions as mentioned
above. When acidolysis was repeated three times with safflower oil as a starting material, the only products obtained were
1,3-capryloyl-2-linoleoylglycerol and 1,3-capryloyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol, with a ratio of 86∶14 (w/w). Equally, the products
from linseed oil were 1,3-capryloyl-2-α-linolenoyl-glycerol, 1,3-caprylol-2-linoleoyl-glycerol, and 1,3-capryloyl-2-oleoly-glycerol
(60∶22∶18, w/w/w). All fatty acids at the 1,3-positions in the original oils were exchanged for caprylic acid by the repeated
acidolyses, and the positional specificity ofRhizopus lipase was also confirmed to be strict. 相似文献
7.
P. K. Pal D. K. Bhattacharyya S. Ghosh 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2001,78(1):31-36
This work primarily aims to further modify the stearin fractions, obtained from anhydrous milk fat, after fractionation by
dry process and by solvent process using isopropanol, for extending their scope of utilization in edible fat products. Butter
stearin fractions, on blending with liquid oils like sunflower oil and soybean oil in different proportions, offer nutritionally
important fat products with enriched content of essential fatty acids like C18∶2 and C18∶3. The butter stearin fraction from isopropanol fractionation, when interesterified with individual liquid oils by Mucor miehei lipase as a catalyst, yields fat products having desirable properties in making melange spread fat products with reasonable
content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and almost zero trans fatty acid content. 相似文献
8.
Conversion of oils to monoglycerides by glycerolysis in supercritical carbon dioxide media 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Feral Temelli Jerry W. King Gary R. List 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(6):699-706
Glycerolysis of soybean oil was conducted in a supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) atmosphere to produce monoglycerides (MG) in a stirred autoclave at 150–250°C, over a pressure range of 20.7–62.1 MPa, at
glycerol/oil molar ratios between 15–25, and water concentrations of 0–8% (wt% of glycerol). MG, di-, triglyceride, and free
fatty acid (FFA) composition of the reaction mixture as a function of time was analyzed by supercritical fluid chromatography.
Glycerolysis did not occur at 150°C but proceeded to a limited extent at 200°C within 4 h reaction time; however, it did proceed
rapidly at 250°C. At 250°C, MG formation decreased significantly (P<0.05) with pressure and increased with glycerol/oil ratio and water concentration. A maximum MG content of 49.2% was achieved
at 250°C, 20.7 MPa, a glycerol/oil ratio of 25 and 4% water after 4 h. These conditions also resulted in the formation of
14% FFA. Conversions of other oils (peanut, corn, canola, and cottonseed) were also attempted. Soybean and cottonseed oil
yielded the highest and lowest conversion to MG, respectively. Conducting this industrially important reaction in SC-CO2 atmosphere offered numerous advantages, compared to conventional alkalicatalyzed glycerolysis, including elimination of the
alkali catalyst, production of a lighter color and less odor, and ease of separation of the CO2 from the reaction products. 相似文献
9.
M. S. K. Syed Rahmatullah V. K. S. Shukla K. D. Mukherjee 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(6):563-567
γ-Linolenic acid (GLA, all-cis 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid) has been enriched from fatty acids of borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil to 93% from the initial concentration of 20% by lipase-catalyzed selective esterification of the fatty acids
withn-butanol in the presence ofn-hexane as solvent. The immobilized fungal lipase preparation, Lipozyme, used as biocatalyst, preferentially esterified palmitic,
stearic, oleic and linoleic acids and discriminated against GLA, which was thus concentrated in the unesterified fatty acids
fraction. In the absence of hexane, concentrate containing about 70% GLA was obtained. When the reaction conditions, optimized
for borage oil fatty acids, were applied to fatty acids of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) oil, concentrates containing 75% GLA were obtained. From both oils, GLA concentrates were prepared efficiently in short
reaction times (1–3 h) at 30–60°C. The process can be applied for the production of GLA concentrates for dietetic purposes. 相似文献
10.
Medium-chain fatty acid-rich glycerides by chemical and lipase-catalyzed polyester-monoester interchange reaction 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) that contain caprylic acid (C8:0) and capric acid (C10:0) have immense medicinal and nutritional importance. Coconut oil can be used as a starting raw material for the production
of MCT. The process, based on the interchange reaction between triglycerides and methyl esters of medium-chain fatty acids
by chemical catalyst (sodium methoxide) or lipase (Mucor miehei) catalyst, appears to be technically feasible. Coconut oils with 25–28.3% (w/w) and 22.1–25% (w/w) medium-chain fatty acids
have been obtained by chemical and lipase-catalyzed interchange reactions. Coconut olein has also been modified with C8:0 and C10:0 fatty acids, individually as well as with their mixtures, by chemical and lipase-catalyzed interchange reactions. Coconut
olein is a better raw material than coconut oil for production of mediumchain fatty acid-rich triglyceride products by both
chemical and lipase-catalyzed processes. 相似文献
11.
Chamila Jayasinghe Naohiro Gotoh Shun Wada 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2012,89(10):1873-1884
The liver oils of six shallow-water shark species, silky (Carcharhinus falciformis), thresher (Alopias superciliosus), oceanic whitetip (Carcharhinus longimanus), blue (Prionace glauca), hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) and salmon (Lamna ditropis) were analyzed with particular attention to the regioisomeric composition of triacylglycerols (TAG). The TAG compositions were analyzed by using an HPLC-evaporative light scattering detector and each molecular species identified by HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry. Major lipid components of all sharks’ oils were TAG (~80 %) made up of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at 26–40 % and 20–25 % docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Forty different molecular species were detected in the TAG fractions. TAG consisting of one palmitic acid, one DHA and one oleic acid (12.5–19.9 %) and TAG consisting of two palmitic acids and one DHA (8.4–15.4 %) were the predominant form while 30–50 % TAG molecular species were bound to one or more DHA. Distribution of fatty acids in the primary (sn-1 and sn-3) and secondary (sn-2) position of the glycerol backbones was examined by regiospecific analysis by using pancreatic lipase and it was found that DHA was preferentially positioned at sn-2. These findings greatly extend the utilization of shark liver oils in food productions and may have a significant impact on the future development of the fish oil industry. 相似文献
12.
Hydrolysis of olive oil, soybean oil, mink fat, lard, palm oil, coconut oil, and a hydrogenated, hardened oil with lipase
from anAspergillus sp. has been studied. The lipase had high specific activity (60,000 U/g) and did not show any positional specificity. The
lipase proved to be a more effective catalyst than Lipolase fromA. oryzae, with an optimal activity at 37°C and pH 6.5–7.0. It was activated by Ca2+ but inactivated by organic solvents such as isopropanol and propanone. All substrates examined could be hydrolyzed to corresponding
fatty acids with this enzyme at concentrations of 5–30 U/meq with yields of 90–99% in 2–24 h. The degree of hydrolysis was
almost logarithmically linear with reaction time and occurred in two stages. The lipase was stable and could be repeatedly
recycled for hydrolysis. 相似文献
13.
Total triglycerides in medium (MEAR) and low (LEAR) erucic acid cultivars of rapeseed were fractionated by argentation chromatography
into twelve and ten fractions, respectively. Gas liquid chromatography of the fatty acids in the triglyceride fractions and
their 2-monoglycerides was used to evaluate the structural characteristics of the individual fractions. Fractionation occurred
on the basis of degree of unsaturation, molecular weight and positional characteristics. The most mobile fractions contained
34–50% of saturated fatty acids while the less mobile had 59–65% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the medium erucic acid
oil, long chain fatty acids (C20–C22) were found in all fractions, but four fractions of low erucic acid oil were essentially
free of long chain acids. Two of these fractions in the latter oil, which represented 44% of the total triglycerides, were
glycerol trioleate and dioleoyllinoleoylglycerol. The majority of the 2-positions were occupied by unsaturated C18 fatty acids,
generally in the order of linoleic ≥linolenic> oleic acids. The saturated and long chain fatty acids occurred predominantly
in the 1-and 3-positions. The various fractions of medium and low erucic acid oils were similar in structural composition
except that eicosenoic and erucic acids substituted for oleic acid in some external positions. Erucic acid did not appear
to substitute directly for oleic acid in the 2-position. 相似文献
14.
Thomas A. Foglia Kerby C. Jones Philip E. Sonnet 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2000,102(10):612-617
The lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of castor, coriander, and meadowfoam oils was studied in a two‐phase water/oil system. The lipases from Candida rugosa and Pseudomonas cepacia released all fatty acids from the triglycerides randomly, with the exception of castor oil. In the latter case, the P. cepacia lipase discriminated against ricinoleic acid. The lipase from Geotrichum candidum discriminated against unsaturated acids having the double bond located at the Δ‐6 (petroselinic acid in coriander oil) and Δ‐5 (meadowfoam oil) position or with a hydroxy substituent (ricinoleic acid). The expression of the selectivities of the G. candidum lipase was most pronounced in lipase‐catalyzed esterification reactions, which was exploited as part of a two‐step process to prepare highly concentrated fractions of the acids. In the first step the oils were hydrolyzed to their respective free fatty acids, in the second step a selective lipase was used to catalyze esterification of the acids with 1‐butanol. This resulted in an enrichment of the targeted acids to approximately 95—98% in the unesterified acid fractions compared to the 70—90% content in the starting acid fractions. 相似文献
15.
Two samples of virgin olive oil and one sample of hexane-extracted husk oil coming from Iran were examined. The analyses included
physical and chemical characteristics, the composition of total fatty acids and fatty acids at the glyceride 2-position by
gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of methyl esters, the triglycerides composition calculation according to Vander Wal theory,
the separation of the alcoholic fractions (sterols, 4-methylsterols, triterpene alcohols, triterpene dialcohols and aliphatic
alcohols) of the unsaponifiable matter by thin layer chromatography (TLC), the quantitation and the composition of these fractions
by GLC of TMS derivatives. The results were in line with data from literature for olive oils of different origin, with the
exception of: a high content of unsaponifiable matter (1.75 and 1.95% for virgin oils, 5.33% for husk oil); a high amount
of sterols for husk oil (562 mg/100 g oil); a low content of SE 30 apparent β-sitosterol for husk oil (91.1%); a low amount
of triterpene dialcohols (1 mg/100 g oil) and triterpene alcohols (78 and 91 mg/100 g oil) for virgin oils; a content of cycloartenol
(60.2–66.9%) higher than the 24-methylenecycloartanol one (22.8–26.6%; a content of C24 linear saturated alcohol (33.9–38.0%) slightly higher than the C26 alcohol one (29.3–32.8%). 相似文献
16.
Michael Trani Robert Lortie Françoise Ergan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(10):961-964
The lipase fromCandida rugosa has been shown to discriminate against erucic acid. Advantage of this property has been taken to produce trierucin from high-erucic
acid rapeseed (HEAR) oil. A method has been developed for extracting erucic acid from the oil as dierucin and subsequently
enzymatically converting it to trierucin. Unrefined HEAR oil was hydrolyzed with lipase fromC. rugosa to produce a mixture of free fatty acids and dierucin. Precipitation and filtration from cold ethanol gave 73% pure dierucin,
free of fatty acids. This dierucin was treated in two ways to produce trierucin. First, in the presence of an immobilized
lipase and a known amount of water, some trierucin is produced by interesterification. Second, a more efficient route to trierucin
utilizedRhizopus arrhizus lipase to completely hydrolyze dierucin to erucic acid, which was then combined with an appropriate amount of dierucin in
the presence of an immobilized lipase to produce trierucin in a quantitative yield.
Partly presented at the AOCS Annual Meeting held in Toronto, May 10–14, 1992. 相似文献
17.
Ricinoleate, a monohydroxy fatty acid in castor oil, has many industrial uses. Dihydroxy and trihydroxy fatty acids can also
be used in industry. We report here the identification of diacylglycerols (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG) containing trihydroxy
fatty acids in castor oil. The C18 HPLC fractions of castor oil were used for mass spectrometry of the lithium adducts of acylglycerols to identify trihydroxy
fatty acids and the acylglycerols containing trihydroxy fatty acids. Two DAG identified were triOH18:1–diOH18:1 and triOH18:0–OH18:1.
Four TAG identified were triOH18:1–OH18:1–OH18:1, triOH18:0–OH18:1–OH18:1, triOH18:1–OH18:1–diOH18:1 and triOH18:0–OH18:1–diOH18:1.
The structures of these two newly identified trihydroxy fatty acids were proposed as 11,12,13-trihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid
and 11,12,13-trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid. The locations of these trihydroxy fatty acids on the glycerol backbone were almost
100% at the sn-1,3 positions or at trace levels at the sn-2 position. The content of these acylglycerols containing trihydroxy fatty acids was at the level of about 1% or less in
castor oil. 相似文献
18.
K. J. Moulton Sr. S. Koritala K. Warner 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1985,62(12):1698-1701
Soybean oil was partially hydrogenated in a continuous system with copper and nickel catalysts. The hydrogenated products
were evaluated for flavor and oxidative stability. Processing conditions were varied to produce oils of linolenate contents
between 0.4 and 2.7%, as follows: oil flow, 0.6–2.2 liters/hr; reaction temperature, 180–220 C; hydrogen pressure, 100–525
psig, and catalyst concentration, 0.5–1% copper catalyst or 0.1% nickel catalyst.Trans unsaturation varied from 8 to 20% with copper catalyst and from 15.0 to 27% with nickel catalyst. Linolenate selectivity
was 9 with copper catalyst and 2 with nickel catalyst. Flavor evaluation of finished oils containing 0.01% citric acid (CA),
appraised initially and after accelerated storage at 60 C, showed no significant difference between hydrogenated oils and
nonhydrogenated oil. However, peroxide values and oxidative stability showed that hydrogenated oils were more stable than
the unhydrogenated oil. CA+TBHQ (tertiary butylhydroquinone) significantly improved the oxidative stability of test oils over
oils with CA only, but flavor scores showed no improvement. Dimethylpolysiloxane (MS) had no effect on either flavor or oxidative
stability of the oils. 相似文献
19.
B. K. De 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2006,83(5):443-448
The purpose of this study was to investigate enzymatic and autocatalytic esterification of FFA in rice bran oil (RBO), palm
oil (PO), and palm kernel oil (PKO), using MG and DG as esterifying agents. The reactions were carried out at low pressure
(4–6 mm Hg) either in the absence of any added catalyst at high temperature (210–230°C) or in the presence of Mucor miehei lipase at low temperature (60°C). The reactions were carried out using different concentrations of MG, and the optimal FFA/MG
ratio and time were 2∶1 (molar) and 6 h, respectively, in both auto- and enzyme-catalyzed processes. With DG as the esterifying
agent in the autocatalytic process, the optimal temperature was 220°C, and the optimal FFA/DG ratio was 1∶1.25. For both MG
and DG, the enzymatic process was more effective in reducing FFA and produced more favorable levels of unsaponifiable matter
and color in the final product. The PV of the final products were also lower (1.8–2.9 mequiv/kg) by using the enzymatic process.
To produce edible-grade oil, a single deodorization step would be required after enzymatic esterification; whereas, alkali
refining, bleaching, and deodorization would be required after autocatalytic treatment. 相似文献
20.
Philip E. Sonnet Thomas A. Foglia Stephen H. Feairheller 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(4):387-391
The fatty acid selectivity of several commercial lipases was evaluated in the hydrolysis of high-erucic acid rapeseed oil
(HEARO). The lipase ofPseudomonas cepacia catalyzed virtually complete hydrolysis of the oil (94–97%), while that ofGeotrichum candidum discriminated strongly against erucic acid, especially in esterification. A two-step process is suggested for obtaining a
highly enriched erucic acid in which theG. candidum lipase is employed to selectively esterify the fatty acid residues of unsaturated C-18, and shorter chain acids, from a mixture
of HEARO fatty acids obtained from total hydrolysis of the oil withP. cepacia lipase. 相似文献